Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

Path Breakthrough of Medical Humanities Education From the Perspective of“All-Staff,Whole-Process,and All-Round Education”

Medical education is an important cornerstone for the development of healthcare,and medical humanities education,as an integral part of medical education,plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating people’s health guardians with high medical ethics.We adopted the method of stratified random sampling to select 309 students and 107 faculty members from three independent medical colleges in Sichuan province as the research subjects and distributed questionnaire surveys investigating in three dimensions:overall cognition of medical humanities,evaluation of medical humanistic qualities,and the current situation of medical humanities education,supplemented by an in-depth literature review and interviews with subject matter experts.We found that“tech-centrism”still has a great influence,the self-evaluation of medical students’humanistic quality is generally not high,the educational concept of“emphasizing professional skills over morality”of faculty and staff is still quite prevalent,and there is still the“last mile”phenomenon in medical humanities education.In order to promote the integrated development of“new medicine”and“new liberal arts”and break the barriers of“tech-centrism”and“instrumental rationality,”it is necessary to change the educational concept and strengthen the education of all employees,break through the bottleneck of internships and strengthen the whole process of education,integrate educational resources and strengthen all-round education,improve the incentive mechanisms,strengthen the assessment methods,and provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the development of medical humanities education.

Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights

September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System

For People's Right to Safety Of Lives and Health——On development of health-related human rights in China

Medical and health work constitutes the prerequisite to protection of the people's right to safety of lives and health. Over the past decades, the Chinese Government has spared no effort in this regard and, as a result, the Chinese people's health has significantly improved. In the nationwide fight against the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in the first half of 2003, the Government placed the health of the Chinese people and the safety of their lives above everything else. With a huge input of human, financial and material resources, the country won a decisive victory over the epidemic. Following is the full text of an interview by Human Rights with Gao Qiang, executive vice-minister of the Ministry of Health, on China's medical and health work and how it is related to protection of human rights.

健康显示:从概念到技术需求

健康显示是普通消费者和显示从业者共同关注的重要话题,是显示技术发展的高层次追求。长期以来,健康显示的概念不够清晰,显示领域停留在单纯追求技术参数的阶段,忽略了消费者对健康显示的高层次需求。本文在综合前人认识的基础上,介绍了健康显示的概念和内涵,特别从人体健康的角度分析了健康显示的技术需求;总结了与健康显示相关的主要显示技术,如低蓝光、有益红光、高色域、高动态范围调节、低眩光、无频闪、高刷新率等。在此基础上,探讨了提升健康显示的3个技术维度:光谱适应性、亮度适应性、频率适应性,提出了未来健康显示提升的主要技术策略和发展方向。希望通过本文的讨论,将健康显示的概念和内涵传递给从业者和消费者,为缓解显示带来的近视等健康问题提供更多的解决方案。

基于MEMS技术和无线射频网络的人体健康参数采集系统

结合MEMS技术和无线射频技术,提出了一种新型的人体健康参数采集方法.基于此方法设计了一种便携式、低成本的人体健康参数采集系统.介绍了系统的测量原理以及硬件和软件设计.该系统测量体温的精度为±0.5℃,测量血压的精度为±1mmHg,在可靠通讯距离下无线数据传输的实际乱码为0.

Assessment of groundwater quality in the flood plains of upper Palar River, India

Groundwater is generally presumed to be good for human consumption and is used as a main source of drinking water. Although there are numerous reasons for groundwater pollution, anthropogenic sources are consid-ered as the prime ones. In this study, twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from the flood plains of upper Palar River during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons to assess the extent of pollution and effects on human health. Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Piper's tri-linear diagram shows the nature of alkali earth with the high contents of alkalies and prevailing sulphate in the pre-sent samples. The univariate statistics and correlation analysis were performed to find out the relationships between the variables. The tannery effluents, solid wastes and sewage were suspected to be the predominant sources of pollu-tion in the area.

Enterobius vermicularis infection among population of General Mansilla,Argentina

AIM:To evaluate the relationships between the personal, sociocultural,and environmental characteristics,and the presence or absence of symptoms with the detection of Enterobius vermicularis(E.vermicularis)in a population sample in our region(General Mansilla,Province of Buenos Aires,Argentina),by individual and familiar analyses. METHODS:E.verrnicularis was diagnosed in 309 people from 70 family units residing in the urban area and the rural area of the city of General Mansilla.Each of them was surveyed so as to register personal,environmental and sociocultural data.Questions about the presence or absence of anal itch,abdominal pain and sleeping disorder were also asked.Significant associations were determined by square chi tests.Logistic regression models were adjusted by using a backward conditional stepwise method to determine the presence of this parasite in the individuals and in the families. RESULTS:The parasites were found in 29.12%(90/309) of the individuals,with a frequency of 14.28%(20/140) among the heads of the families and of 41.42%(70/169) among the children.The only variables showing a significant association were affiliation,where the risk category was “being the son/daughter of”,and the symptoms were abdominal pain,sleeping disorder,and anal itch.Families with a member infected with parasite were considered Positive Families(PF)and they were 40/70(57.14%),only 5%(2/40)of the PF had 100% of their members infected with the parasite.The logistic regression models applied showed that the risk categories were mainly affiliation(son/daughter) and housing(satisfactory)among others. CONCLUSION:The presence of E.vermiculariswas proved in one third of the studied population.The frequency of families with all their members infected with the parasite was very low.Most of the studied personal,sociocultural, and environmental variables did not turn out to be significantly associated with the presence of the parasite.An association with the category of“son/daughter”and housing classified as“satisfactory”was determined.The latter may be due to the fact that the people living in that category of housing have hygienic practices at home that favour the distribution of the eggs in the environment.The presence of the analysed symptoms was associated with the presence of the parasite, thus strengthening the need of periodical control of the population showing at least one of these symptoms.

Female genital schistosomiasis,human papilloma virus infection,and cervical cancer in rural Madagascar:a cross sectional study

Background Women’s health in resource-limited settings can benefit from the integrated management of high-burden diseases,such as female genital schistosomiasis(FGS)and human papilloma virus(HPV)-related cervical cancer.In schistosomiasis-endemic countries such as Madagascar,data on FGS and HPV prevalence are lacking as well as preventive measures for both conditions.This study aims to estimate the prevalence of FGS and HPV in rural Madagascar,and to examine associated risk factors to identify opportunities for improving women’s health.Methods After initial community outreach activities,interested women aged 18-49 years were recruited consecutively in 2021 at three primary health care centers in the district of Marovoay.FGS was detected by colposcopy.Colposcopy images were double-blind reviewed by two independent specialists.A Luminex bead-based assay was performed on cervical vaginal lavage specimens for HPV typing.Crude(CPR)and adjusted prevalence ratios(APR)of associations between selected factors and FGS and HPV positivity were estimated using univariable and multivariable binary Poisson regression with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results Among 500 women enrolled,302 had complete information on FGS and HPV diagnosis,and were thus eligible for analysis.Within the sample,189(62.6%,95%CI:56.9-68.1)cases of FGS were detected.A total of 129 women(42.7%,95%CI:37.1-48.5)tested positive for HPV.In total,80 women(26.5%,95%CI:21.6-31.8)tested positive for both conditions.No association was observed between FGS and HPV positivity,while previous pregnancy(APR=0.65,95%CI:0.43-0.78)and older age(APR=0.59,95%CI:0.42-0.81)are showing a negative association with HPV infection compared to no previous pregnancy and younger age groups.Conclusions The results of the study show that FGS and HPV are highly prevalent in rural Madagascar.The concurrent prevalence of these two conditions requires urgent adaptations of public health strategies to improve women’s health,such as integrated services at primary level of care.

Health service needs of women with reproductive tract infections in selected areas of China

OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into the psychosocial factors underlying the utilisation of health services by women with reproductive tract infection (RTI) symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, adopting Aday and Andersen' s Social Behaviour Model, was conducted between 1998 and 1999 in Chinese Hebei province and Beijing. A total of 864 eligible married women (age 21 to 60 years) were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: The percentage of self-reported symptoms of RTIs in urban and rural women was 35.6 and 46.8, respectively; the proportion of women with RTIs who utilised health services was 27.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared to urban women, rural women had less knowledge on RTIs and more traditional beliefs, and were more satisfied with local health services. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the common factor influencing health service utilisation in women with RTIs was current experience of RTIs. Knowledge about self-medication, perceived social stigma attached to RTIs, prior experience of RTIs, family income and perceived severity of RTIs were also predictors of utilisation of health services in rural women with RTIs. Satisfaction with health providers, information received from health providers, prior experience of RTIs, occupation and medical care coverage were predictors of utilisation of health services in urban women with RTIs. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RTIs is high, but the rate of seeking health services is low. There is a great need for emphasizing culturally acceptable reproductive health education in different places to improve women' s ability for self-care. Regular medical check-ups for women are also important. It is necessary to improve the quality of health service, complete the reform of health insurance and alleviate women' s social stigma related to RTIs, giving women social and moral support.

微量元素硒与人体健康

综述了硒与人体健康的关系 ,包括 :硒与心血管疾病、硒与肿瘤、硒与抗衰老、硒与免疫、硒与肝炎等的关系。

中美大学公共卫生高等教育人力资源对比研究

通过中美大学公共卫生高等人力资源调查显示,美国研究型大学高级专业人员占研究人员总数的比例高于中国大学,因此,丰富的高级专业人才是国际著名研究型大学奠定其国际学术地位的关键因素,中国大学公共卫生教育要想提升国际竞争力就必须要改变人才分布不匀衡的现状,提高高级专业人才的比例。

运用《内经》知识,认识人体之毒

[目的]研究《黄帝内经》对"人体之毒"的认识,从维持人体平衡的角度揭示"排毒"的实质与方法。[方法]以《黄帝内经》条文为主,结合其它中医典籍的相关论述,从现今社会对"毒"的偏颇认识,及中医有关"毒"的概念、治则等,综合分析"排毒"背后揭示的养生保健思想。[结果]人体之毒的本质即指人体气血阴阳的失衡状态,它可为病因,亦可为新的病理产物。要正确理解当下社会所流行的"排毒"观点,遵循人体自身的调节机制、脏腑功能和个人体质,审证求因,辨证论治,并依照《内经》所言"谨察阴阳所在而调之,以平为期",以防为主,避免"人体之毒"的产生。[结论]"排毒"应视具体病情灵活施治,体现出《内经》的辨证施治"治病必求于本"的原则。此认识有助于指导人们从中医的角度对"排毒"有更准确而深刻的认识并正确地养生保健。

人体健康水质基准特征参数研究及应用

人体健康水质基准是指在摄入饮用水和水产品时,保护人群健康不受危害的相对应水体中污染物的浓度.我国近年来系统开展了水质基准的研究,但在人体健康水质基准方面的报道相对较少.为保护我国人群健康免受水体中污染物的危害,依据人体健康水质基准制定方法,对基准制定过程中涉及的我国人群暴露参数〔体重(BW)、饮水量(DI)和水产品摄入量(FI)〕和水环境参数〔溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)浓度以及水生生物脂质分数〕进行研究与总结,建议在制定我国人体健康水质基准时,普通人群暴露参数BW、DI和FI分别采用61.9 kg、2.785 L/d和0.0301 kg/d,水环境参数DOC和POC浓度分别采用2.68和0.73 mg/L,第2、3、4营养级淡水水生生物的脂质分数分别采用2.47%、3.08%、3.16%.基于我国人群暴露参数和水环境参数,推导了12种多环芳烃(PAHs)的人体健康水质基准,其中苯并[a]芘的基准值(4.53×10^(-4)μg L)最小,蒽的基准值(173μg L)最大.此外,在人体健康水质基准的制定过程中,除饮水途径外,建议充分考虑食用水产品对人体健康产生的危害效应;针对关注区域、年龄组与致癌风险水平不同造成的基准值的较大差异,建议在人体健康水质基准制定过程中对其予以充分考虑.

护士职业装演变与护士身份认同变化关系探析

[目的]探讨护士职业装演变与护士身份认同变化之间的关系。[方法]采用文献分析方法分析护理专业理念对护士职业装演变和护士身份认同变化的影响。[结果]护士职业装随着医疗卫生健康服务理念的改变而发生演变,护士身份认同也随之发生变化。[结论]护士职业装与护士身份认同关系紧密,护士职业装的改良应考虑到护士身份认同的因素,以提升护士的职业认同感。

山西省妇幼卫生信息化建设及信息人力资源现状分析

目的了解山西省妇幼卫生信息化建设及信息人力资源现状,为决策者制定全省妇幼卫生信息化建设方案提供依据。方法通过国家妇幼卫生综合信息平台的"全国妇幼保健机构信息化与信息管理工作现状调查直报系统"收集数据。运用SPSS15.0软件对数据进行分析。结果有门户网站或正在建设中的机构占25.3%,有医院信息管理计算机网络的机构占20.0%,有覆盖本辖区妇幼保健信息系统的机构占5.3%。信息人员平均年龄(中位数)为38岁,女性占83.4%,大专学历占45.2%,初级职称及以下占57.3%,相关专业人员占42.8%。结论妇幼保健机构信息网络化建设工作滞后,信息管理工作发展不平衡,信息人员素质偏低,特别是县级。进一步加强妇幼卫生信息化建设,大力培养信息人才,借鉴或应用中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心研究的有关妇幼卫生信息化建设的成果,逐步实现全省信息的高效统一、互联互通、安全共享。

浅谈舞蹈对身心健康的功用

舞蹈是一种人体动作的艺术,它能唤起人们心中的美感,增进人际交流,增加人对社会的融入性和介入性,提高人的社会适应能力,具有调节情绪、缓解焦虑和强身健体之功效.

民生保障研究:论适足生活水准权保障与实现

适足生活水准权的实现遵从辅助性原则、国家义务、平等与非歧视原则。食物权、住房权与健康权构成了适足生活水准权最主要的具体权利形态,其实现标准主要有:有效、真实与可接受。适足生活水准权的保障与实现不是孤立的,是与其他人权,如财产权、工作权等,特别是公民权利与政治权利,密切相关。公民权利和政治权利的保障是实现适足生活水准权救济的有效方式。适足生活水准权的实现为呼声日高的民生保障研究提供了新视角。

道家养生文化的人学解读

道家养生文化关注人的精神健康,推崇清心无为、见素抱朴、致虚守静、少私寡欲,不为物累的自然人性思想,强调心灵的内在超越;道家把人生命的价值放在首位,提倡内养和外炼结合、静功和动功结合的养生之道;道家特别关注人与自然的关系与发展,将人的命运轨迹与自然的无形而化联系起来,体现了人学的基本精神。

基于人体参数测量的某公司包装标准化设计

目的根据某公司生产物流现状,提出包装标准化设计方案,以提高某公司生产物流效率,实现仓库的标准化作业管理。方法通过对仓库作业人员各项身体参数的测量和P事业部仓库包装数据的联合分布,进行包装重量和尺寸的标准化设计。结果确定了适宜仓库工人搬运作业的包装重量极限、尺寸范围以及8种标准尺寸。结论优化后的包装标准化方案可降低工人作业的疲劳强度,并为某公司实现智能物流以及自动化立体仓库的建立奠定基础。