Disinfection Byproducts and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Sources:Origins,Influencing Factors,and Environmental Insights

Tracing the contamination origins in water sources and identifying the impacts of natural and human processes are essential for ecological safety and public health.However,current analysis approaches are not ideal,as they tend to be laborious,time-consuming,or technically difficult.Disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are a family of well-known secondary pollutants formed by the reactions of chemical disinfectants with DBP precursors during water disinfection treatment.Since DBP precursors have various origins(e.g.,natural,domestic,industrial,and agricultural sources),and since the formation of DBPs from different precursors in the presence of specific disinfectants is distinctive,we argue that DBPs and DBP precursors can serve as alternative indicators to assess the contamination in water sources and identify pollution origins.After providing a retrospective of the origins of DBPs and DBP precursors,as well as the specific formation patterns of DBPs from different precursors,this article presents an overview of the impacts of various natural and anthropogenic factors on DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water sources.In practice,the DBPs(i.e.,their concentration and speciation)originally present in source water and the DBP precursors determined using DBP formation potential tests—in which water samples are dosed with a stoichiometric excess of specific disinfectants in order to maximize DBP formation under certain reaction conditions—can be considered as alternative metrics.When jointly used with other water quality parameters(e.g.,dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic nitrogen,fluorescence,and molecular weight distribution)and specific contaminants of emerging concern(e.g.,certain pharmaceuticals and personal care products),DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water sources can provide a more comprehensive picture of water pollution for better managing water resources and ensuring human health.

From Digital Human Modeling to Human Digital Twin: Framework and Perspectives in Human Factors

The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.

Human Factors While Using Head-Up-Display in Low Visibility Flying Conditions

Flying an aircraft in low visibility is still a challenging task for the pilot.It requires precise and accurate situational awareness(SA)in real-time.A Head-up Display(HUD)is used to project collimated internal and externalflight information on a transparent screen in the pilot’s forwardfield of view,which eliminates the change of eye position between Head-Down-Display(HDD)instru-ments and outer view through the windshield.Implementation of HUD increases the SA and reduces the workload for the pilot.But to provide a betterflying capability for the pilot,projecting extensive information on HUD causes human factor issues that reduce pilot performance and lead to accidents in low visibility conditions.The literature shows that human error is the leading cause of more than 70%of aviation accidents.In this study,the ability of the pilot able to read background and symbology information of HUD at a different level of back-ground seen complexity,such as symbology brightness,transition time,amount of Symbology,size etc.,in low visibility conditions is discussed.The result shows that increased complexity on the HUD causes more detection errors.

PRaG 3.0 therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly fatal disease with limited effective treatment especially after first-line chemotherapy.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)immunohistochemistry(IHC)positive is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior and shorter overall survival in PDAC.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of multiple metastatic PDAC with IHC mismatch repair proficient but HER-2 IHC weakly positive at diagnosis that didn’t have tumor regression after first-line nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and PD-1 inhibitor treatment.A novel combination therapy PRaG 3.0 of RC48(HER2-antibody-drug conjugate),radio-therapy,PD-1 inhibitor,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 was then applied as second-line therapy and the patient had confirmed good partial response with progress-free-survival of 6.5 months and overall survival of 14.2 month.She had not developed any grade 2 or above treatment-related adverse events at any point.Percentage of peripheral CD8^(+) Temra and CD4^(+) Temra were increased during first two activation cycles of PRaG 3.0 treatment containing radiotherapy but deceased to the baseline during the maintenance cycles containing no radiotherapy.CONCLUSION PRaG 3.0 might be a novel strategy for HER2-positive metastatic PDAC patients who failed from previous first-line approach and even PD-1 immunotherapy but needs more data in prospective trials.

INTEGRATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Human factors engineering and quality management are different research branches in the field of industrial engineering.A basis for interaction based on the concepts and techniques of human factors engineering and quality management with some practical examples of cooperative effect is defined in this paper.The specific challenges about the quality management in manufacturing and service are presented to demonstrate that the human factors analysis of quality problems leads to new tends for integrated development.

Inetetamab combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer have poor outcomes.Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is the first-line standard treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.Inetetamab is a novel anti-HER2 drug,and its efficacy and safety in gastric cancer have not yet been reported.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the S-1 plus oxaliplatin(SOX)regimen combined with inetetamab as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.METHODS Thirty-eight patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer or gastroeso-phageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into two groups:One group received inetetamab combined with the SOX regimen,and the other group received trastuzumab combined with the SOX regimen.After 4-6 cycles,patients with stable disease received maintenance therapy.The primary endpoints were progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate,disease control rate,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS Thirty-seven patients completed the trial,with 18 patients in the inetetamab group and 19 patients in the trastuzumab group.In the inetetamab group,the median PFS was 8.5 months,whereas it was 7.3 months in the trastuzumab group(P=0.046);this difference was significant.The median OS in the inetetamab group vs the trastuzumab group was 15.4 months vs 14.3 months(P=0.33),and the objective response rate was 50%vs 42%(P=0.63),respectively;these differences were not significant.Common AEs included leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,nausea,and vomiting.The incidence rates of grade≥3 AEs were 56%in the inetetamab group and 47%in the trastuzumab group(P=0.63),with no significant difference.CONCLUSION In the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer,inetetamab and trastuzumab showed comparable efficacy.The inetetamab group showed superior PFS,and both groups had good safety.

Genomic profiling of colorectal cancer in large-scale Chinese patients:amplification and somatic mutations in ERBB2

Objectives:Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-targeted therapies have demonstrated potential benefits for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)patients with HER2 amplification,but are not satisfactory in cases of HER2 mutant CRCs.Methods:Consequently,further elucidation of amplifications and somatic mutations in erythroblastic oncogene B-2(ERBB2)is imperative.Comprehensive genomic profiling was conducted on 2454 Chinese CRC cases to evaluate genomic alterations in 733 cancer-related genes,tumor mutational burden,microsatellite instability,and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression.Results:Among 2454 CRC patients,85 cases(3.46%)exhibited ERBB2 amplification,and 55 cases(2.24%)carried ERBB2 mutation.p.R678Q(28%),p.V8421(24%),and p.S310F/Y(12%)were the most prevalent of the 16 detected mutation sites.In comparison to the ERBB2 altered(alt)group,KRAS/BRAF mutations were more prevalent in ERBB2 wild-type(wt)samples(ERBB2wt vs.ERBB2alt,KRAS:50.9%vs.25.6%,p<0.05;BRAF:8.5%vs.2.3%,p<0.05).32.7%(18/55)of CRCs with ERBB2 mutation exhibited microsatellite instability high(MSI-H),while no cases with HER2 amplification displayed MSI-H.Mutant genes varied between ERBB2 copy number variation(CNV)and ERBB2 single nucleotide variant(SNV);TP53 alterations tended to co-occur with ERBB2 amplification(92.3%)as opposed to ERBB2 mutation(58.3%).KRAS and PIK3CA alterations were more prevalent in ERBB2 SNV cases(KRAS/PIK3CA:45.8%/31.2%)compared to ERBB2 amplification cases(KRAS/PIK3CA:14.1%/7.7%).Conclusion:Our study delineates the landscape of HER2 alterations in a large-scale cohort of CRC patients from China.These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular features of Chinese CRC patients and offer valuable implications for further investigation.

Inetetamab combined with tegafur as second-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive gastric cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.However,the prognosis of HER2-positive gastric cancer is poor.Inetetamab,a novel anti-HER2 targeting drug independently developed in China,exhibits more potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than trastuzumab,which is administered as the first-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer in combination with chemotherapy.In this case,the efficacy and safety of inetetamab combined with tegafur was investigated as a second-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient with HER2-positive gastric cancer presented with abdominal distension,poor appetite,and fatigue two years after receiving six cycles of oxaliplatin combined with tegafur as first-line treatment after surgery,followed by tegafur monotherapy for six months.The patient was diagnosed with postoperative recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.He received 17 cycles of a combination of inetetamab,an innovative domestically developed anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody,and tegafur chemotherapy as the second-line treatment(inetetamab 200 mg on day 1,every 3 wk combined with tegafur twice daily on days 1–14,every 3 wk).Evaluation of the efficacy of the second-line treatment revealed that the patient achieved a stable condition and progression-free survival of 17 months.He tolerated the treatment well without exhibiting any grade 3-4 adverse events.CONCLUSION Inetetamab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancer demonstrates significant survival benefits and acceptable safety.

Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer

Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance.Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer.Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer.The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified.However,monoclonal antibodies,due to their large molecular weight,inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier,and drug resistance,lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy,so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer.Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors,such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib,have the advantages of small molecular weight,penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability,and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future.Antibo-drug conjugate,such as T-DM1 and T-DXd,can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing,and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab.Therefore,after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients,various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.

Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy

The number and variety of applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastr-ointestinal(GI)endoscopy is growing rapidly.New technologies based on machine learning(ML)and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are at various stages of development and deployment to assist patients and endoscopists in preparing for endoscopic procedures,in detection,diagnosis and classification of pathology during endoscopy and in confirmation of key performance indicators.Platforms based on ML and CNNs require regulatory approval as medical devices.Interactions between humans and the technologies we use are complex and are influenced by design,behavioural and psychological elements.Due to the substantial differences between AI and prior technologies,important differences may be expected in how we interact with advice from AI technologies.Human-AI interaction(HAII)may be optimised by developing AI algorithms to minimise false positives and designing platform interfaces to maximise usability.Human factors influencing HAII may include automation bias,alarm fatigue,algorithm aversion,learning effect and deskilling.Each of these areas merits further study in the specific setting of AI applications in GI endoscopy and professional societies should engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed on human-centred design in development of new AI technologies.

Efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor plus sodium hyaluronate eye drops in diabetic dry eye post-cataract surgery

BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)after diabetic cataract surgery can seriously affect the patient’s quality of life.Therefore,effective alleviation of symptoms in patients with this disease has important clinical significance.AIM To explore the clinical effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)plus sodium hyaluronate(SH)eye drops on DES after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 82 patients with diabetes who experienced DES after cataract surgery at Tianjin Beichen Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University between April 2021 and April 2023.They were classified into an observation group(42 cases,rhEGF+SH eye drops)and a control group(40 cases,SH eye drops alone),depending on the different treatment schemes.The therapeutic efficacy,dry eye symptom score,tear film breakup time(TFBUT),basic tear secretion score[assessed using Schirmer I test(SIt)],corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score,tear inflammatory markers,adverse reactions during treat-ment,and treatment satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Therapeutic efficacy was higher in the observation group compared with the control group.Both groups showed improved TFBUT and dry eye,as well as improved SIt and FL scores after treatment,with a more pronounced improvement in the observation group.Although no marked differences in adverse reactions were observed between the two groups,treatment satisfaction was higher in the observation group.CONCLUSION rhEGF+SH eye drops rendered clinical benefits to patients by effectively ameliorating dry eye and visual impairment with favorable efficacy,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety levels.Thus,this treatment should be promoted in clinical practice.

Disitamab vedotin combined with apatinib in gastric cancer: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overex-pressing gastric cancer(GC),the combination of HER2 targeting and a standard first-line chemotherapy regimen has been demonstrated to significantly improve their prognosis.However,in a proportion of patients,cancer progresses within a short period of time,and there is currently no standard treatment after disease progression.CASE SUMMARY This study presents a case of a 51-year-old male with advanced GC who un-derwent radical resection(Billroth type II subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejun-ostomy)and resection of liver metastases.Immunohistochemical staining revealed a HER2 score of 2+,a dMMR status,and a Ki67 proliferation index of 30%to 40%.The gene test results indicated the presence of ERBB2 amplification and a PD-L1 expression level of less than 5%.Since December 2021,the patient has experienced disease progression during both first-line(two cycles of KN026 combined with KN046)and second-line(five cycles of nivolumab combined with trastuzumab and SOX chemotherapy)treatment regimens.The patient's prognosis following the first and second lines of treatment was unfavorable,with pro-gression occurring in a relatively short time.For third-line therapy,disitamab vedotin(RC48)plus apatinib was used.At the time of this report,the patient had achieved a progression-free survival(PFS)of 25.8 months,which exceeded the median survival time for patients with advanced GC.CONCLUSION Despite the unfavorable prognosis associated with advanced GC,the imple-mentation of personalized treatment approaches may still prove beneficial for select patients.In patients with HER2-positive GC with extensive metastatic involvement,the use of the HER2-targeted combination with apatinib has demonstrated the potential to prolong both PFS and overall survival.

Therapeutic strategies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in metastatic colorectal cancer

More than 1.9 million new colorectal cancer(CRC)cases and 935000 deaths were estimated to occur worldwide in 2020,representing about one in ten cancer cases and deaths.Overall,colorectal ranks third in incidence,but second in mortality.More than half of the patients are in advanced stages at diagnosis.Treatment options are complex because of the heterogeneity of the patient population,including different molecular subtypes.Treatments have included conventional fluorouracil-based chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy,etc.In recent years,with the development of genetic testing technology,more and more targeted drugs have been applied to the treatment of CRC,which has further prolonged the survival of metastatic CRC patients.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression level and combined positive score can evaluate efficacy of advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Although treatment options for gastric cancer(GC)continue to advance,the overall prognosis for patients with GC remains poor.At present,the predictors of treatment efficacy remain controversial except for high microsatellite instability.AIM To develop methods to identify groups of patients with GC who would benefit the most from receiving the combination of a programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)inhibitor and chemotherapy.METHODS We acquired data from 63 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative GC with a histological diagnosis of GC at the Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between November 2020 and October 2022.All of the patients screened received a PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment.RESULTS As of July 1,2023,the objective response rate was 61.9%,and the disease control rate was 96.8%.The median progression-free survival(mPFS)for all patients was 6.3 months.The median overall survival was not achieved.Survival analysis showed that patients with a combined positive score(CPS)≥1 exhibited an extended trend in progression-free survival(PFS)when compared to patients with a CPS of 0 after receiving a PD-1 inhibitor combined with oxaliplatin and tegafur as the first-line treatment.PFS exhibited a trend for prolongation as the expression level of HER2 increased.Based on PFS,we divided patients into two groups:A treatment group with excellent efficacy and a treatment group with poor efficacy.The mPFS of the excellent efficacy group was 8 months,with a mPFS of 9.1 months after excluding a cohort of patients who received interrupted therapy due to surgery.The mPFS was 4.5 months in patients in the group with poor efficacy who did not receive surgery.Using good/poor efficacy as the endpoint of our study,univariate analysis revealed that both CPS score(P=0.004)and HER2 expression level(P=0.015)were both factors that exerted significant influence on the efficacy of treatment the combination of a PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC(AGC).Finally,multivariate analysis confirmed that CPS score was a significant influencing factor.CONCLUSION CPS score and HER2 expression both impacted the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in AGC patients who were non-positive for HER2.

Analysis of Traffic Accidents in Vietnam

Understanding the causes and solutions of road traffic accidents is important for developing road and action plans in a country. In Vietnam, awareness of traffic participants is the main cause of serious traffic accidents. In recent years, the number of road traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province with deaths has decreased, but the number of accidents has increased significantly. The article uses data on traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang over the (2016-2023) has been analytically reviewed. From there, analyze accident characteristics and causes of traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province, and propose solutions to improve traffic safety in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam. The findings can be information for managers and researchers interested in studying the province of Tuyen Quang, Vietnam road traffic safety. Additionally, the findings have led the government to achieve national targets in reducing the number of accidents and serious injuries.

Intervention decision-making in MAV/UAV cooperative engagement based on human factors engineering

Aiming at the intervention decision-making problem in manned/unmanned aerial vehicle（MAV/UAV） cooperative engagement, this paper carries out a research on allocation strategy of emergency discretion based on human factors engineering（HFE）.Firstly, based on the brief review of research status of HFE, it gives structural description to emergency in the process of cooperative engagement and analyzes intervention of commanders. After that,constraint conditions of intervention decision-making of commanders based on HFE（IDMCBHFE） are given, and the mathematical model, which takes the overall efficiency value of handling emergencies as the objective function, is established. Then, through combining K-best and variable neighborhood search（VNS） algorithm, a K-best optimization variable neighborhood search mixed algorithm（KBOVNSMA） is designed to solve the model. Finally,through three groups of simulation experiments, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified.

Quantitative Analysis of Natural and Human Factors of Oasis Change in the Tail of Shiyang River over the Past 60 Years

The human and natural factors complicit in the driving forces of oasis change have always received considerable interest from the international research community. In this study, we used principal component analysis of natural and socio-economic statistical factors to quantitatively analyze the causal relationships and their contributions to the observed periodic expansion or shrinkage of the Minqin Oasis over almost 60 years. Our results show that human factors were the dominant factors governing expansion or shrinkage, with average contributions of 69.38% and 76.16%, respectively. Moreover, policy decisions have been the pivotal human factors. Under the influence of various policies, we have found that water resource utilization, land reclamation, population explosion, ecological protection and economic development have each played leading roles in different periods. This study provides a scientific basis for modelling the dynamics of an oasis for sustainable management.

An Evaluation of the Effects of Human Factors on Pilotage Operations Safety

In recent years,marine pilotage accidents occurring on a worldwide basis as a result of human error have not been ceased to transpire,despite advances in technology and a significant set of international conventions,regulations,and recommendations to reduce them.This paper aims to investigate the effect of human factors on the safety of maritime pilotage operations.The human factors that affect the operators who are performing ships’berthing operations have also been examined in detail.In this study,in order to determine the causes of human-related errors occurred in maritime pilotage accidents,a comprehensive literature review is carried out,and a considerable number of real past case examples and an analysis of the maritime accident investigation reports regarding pilotage operations events that occurred between 1995 and 2015 have been reviewed.To validate the identified humanrelated risk factors(HCFs)and explore other contributory factors,survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with domain experts have been conducted.A structural hierarchy diagram for the identified risk factors(HCFs)has been developed and validated through experienced experts belonging to the maritime sector.A questionnaire for pair-wise comparison is carried out and analysed using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)approach to evaluate the weight and rank the importance of the identified human causal factors.The findings of this study will benefit the maritime industry,by identifying a new database on causal factors that are contributing to the occurrence of maritime pilotage disasters.The database can be used as a stand-alone reference or help implement effective risk reduction strategies to reduce the human error,that might occur during pilotage operations.

Relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics during 2000–2015 in the Otindag Sandy Land,northern China

In recent years, there has been increasing research interests in differentiating the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics. In this study, based on residual trend method, we used MOD13A3（MODIS vegetation index product）, MCD12Q1（MODIS land cover product） and meteorological datasets to differentiate the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics during 2000–2015 in the Otindag Sandy Land, northern China. Results show that during the study period（2000–2015）, the overall vegetation condition had improved in the Otindag Sandy Land. The driving forces of vegetation dynamics differed spatially in the whole study area over the study period. The area with vegetation degradation solely resulted from human activities accounted for 8.23% of the study area, while the area with vegetation degradation resulted from others（including climate factors and combination of climate factors and human activities） occupied 1.53%. The area with vegetation recovery benefitted from human activities occurred over 26.02% of the study area; the area benefitted from climate factors accounted for 23.69%; and the area benefitted from both climate factors and human activities occupied 37.74%. All in all, impacts of climate factors and human activities on vegetation dynamics varied at the county/city/banner scales and locality-specific measures should be adopted to protect the environments.

Human Factors Analysis in Software Engineering

The general human factors analysis analyzes human functions, effects and influence in a system. But in a narrow sense, it analyzes human influence upon the reliability of a system, it includes traditional human reliability analysis, human error analysis, man-machine interface analysis, human character analysis, and others. A software development project in software engineering is successful or not to be completely determined by human factors. In this paper, we discuss the human factors intensions, declare the importance of human factors analysis for software engineering by listed some instances. At last, we probe preliminarily into the mentality that a practitioner in software engineering should possess. Key words human factors analysis - software engineering - software reliability CLC number TP 311.5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60173013)Biography: Xu Ren-zuo (1946-), male, Professor, research direction: software engineering, software reliability engineering, software safety and software testing.