Modeling foraging habitats of Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in Dazhong Mountain, Yunnan, southwestern China

We modeled foraging habitats of Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) on a macro-habitat level using ArcGIS in an attempt to provide scientific reference for management and restoration of habitats. Field work was conducted from March to April in 2006 and 2008, and from October to November in 2005 and 2008 in Dazhong Mountain, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The selection of ecological factors was estimated by means of a resource selection index, distance analysis and the method of hierarchical habitat selection. The foraging habitat patches were modeled spatially by ArcGIS. The results show that actual and potential foraging patches overlapped considerably in spring and autumn. The number and total areas of patches in the autumn were smaller than those in the spring. The minimum and average areas of patches in the autumn were larger than those in the spring, while the maximum areas of actual and potential foraging patches in the autumn were equal to those in the spring. Similarity in the selection for survival and safety consideration in both seasons was the main strategy for landscape factors of habitats by Hume’s Pheasant, while seasonal difference in selecting a landscape matrix was their secondary strategy, affecting landscape factors in the habitat. Changes of foraging patches in both seasons reflect a difference of resources requirement by the bird. Fragmentation and miniaturization of foraging patches would result in the formation of a meta-population of Hume’s Pheasant.

Hume-Rothery相的团簇式（英文）

Hume-Rothery相的电子浓度(e/a)一般为特定值1.50(=21/14)、1.62(=21/13)或1.75(=21/12),但相同电子浓度的相常基于布拉维格呈现不同晶体结构,因此,e/a并不能作为准确区分Hume-Rothery相结构类型的特征参数.为此需要一个更精细的结构参数对Hume-Rothery相进行更严谨的划分.运用团簇加连接原子模型分析常见的Hume-Rothery相,得到了各类Hume-Rothery相的团簇式和相关单位团簇电子数e/u,发现e/u能有效对具有相同e/a的Hume-Rothery相进行归类,是区分Hume-Rothery相结构类型的新参数.

Hume-Rothery相形成的金属能带理论分析

本文应用金属能带理论对Hume－Rothery相形成过程进行了分析讨论，结果表明：Hume－Rothery相是不同晶体结构的第I布里渊区在与费米面接触时形成的，此时将发生能量的陡变，导致电子浓度的改变．同时也表明了合金结构的变化是服从费米能最低原理的．

David Hume＇s Notion of Personal Identity： Implications for Identity Construction and Affective Communal Living in Africana Societies

The notion of personal identity is a topic that is widely discussed in all philosophical traditions-western, African, Asian, and Caribbean. The thread that runs through the different conceptions of personal identity is that the notion is linked with self-consciousness, whether in the metaphysical, epistemological, religious, or social contexts. In this paper, I shall focus attention on Hume＇s conception of personal identity drawing from it, and certain implications for affective communal life in Africana societies. It is a common knowledge among philosophers that Hume denies the ontological and independent existence of the self. For Hume, the self is a bundle of perception. However, in another section of the Treatise of Human Nature, Hume examines the development of what could be considered as self, placing it in a broad social context in which mirroring fellow minds have a critical role. What is significant in Hume＇s conception of personal identity is that the self is the locus of multifarious experiences and the social context in which it is placed enables us to relate the self to affective and relational construction of identity. It is then argued that this conception of identity can be used to stress the need for affection, love, compassion, sympathy, and empathy among persons, which in turn can promote societal transformation in Africana societies.

Edward H. Hume's Contributions to Introducing Chinese Medicine to the West

Known as the founder of Xiangya School of Medicine and Xiangya Hospital,Edward H.Hume is frequently praised for his pioneering work in bringing Western medicine to China.Some researchers have investigated his efforts in introducing Chinese medicine to the West;less known is the role that he later played as a lecturer on medical history at Johns Hopkins University.This paper presents an exhaustive review of Hume’s English writings on Chinese medicine,thus revealing what Hume did to introduce Chinese medicine to Western academia,and how he pioneered research into Chinese medicine from cultural and philosophical perspectives.

On Beauty,Taste and Other Aesthetic Theories of David Hume

In this paper,David Hume’s research on the essence and causes of beauty,the standard of taste,and aesthetic effect Of Tragedy will be discussed to explore his aesthetic principles and philosophy of art.Hume points out that beauty,with the power to produce pleasure as its essence,is an order and construction of parts being fitted to the soul.Hume discusses the diversity and universality of taste and his attempt to find the standard of taste.The aesthetic effect Of Tragedy in the eyes of Hume is also introduced.Hume’s aesthetic theory is closely connected to his moral philosophy and theories of human thought and emotion following the English empirical tradition of experience and observations.

David Hume＇s Culinary Interests and the Historiography of Food

This paper examines the food references in David Hume＇s writings--most notably the correspondence, the essays, and his historical narrative. It is in the latter that we find his culinary interests exhibited in a fair amount of detail----outlining a historiography of food. In fact, people discover a ＂subtext＂ of the history of food in Hume＇s general history of England. Discussed foodstuffs as raw （economic） commodities, food as it is prepared and brought to the table, and as part of a social ritual of manners. All these facets of food practices interested Hume throughout his life （1711-1776） and in his history of the British Isles （ca. 55 BCE to 1688）.

Hume’s Concept of Universality: a Perspective of “Usefulness”

There are many arguments about Hume in the history of philosophy,especially after Kant criticized Hume,Kant believed that there is no concept of“universality”in Hume’s ethics.By analyzing Hume’s text,this article points out that Hume also pursues“universality”,and his“universality”is a universality in the sense of usefulness.Not only does his ethics have the concept of universality,but Hume also pursues universality in the field of nature science.This is helpful for the academic community to re-recognize Hume and further promote the study of Hume.

天津院有限公司总包马来西亚Hume二线项目回转窑点火成功

6月4日,由天津院有限公司总包的马来西亚Hume二线项目回转窑点火仪式在项目现场举行。中材集团董事长刘志江,中材国际董事长、天津院、装备集团党委书记宋寿顺,天津院、装备集团董事长徐培涛,中材集团总经理助理傅金光;丰隆工业集团主席郭令山,Hume工业集团执行董事柯天球,Hume水泥总经理崔俊浩,

法律实证主义的价值论问题--制度法论的解决方案与反思

“是”与“应当”的二分自休谟提出以来,经过康德的阐发而逐渐渗透到法哲学研究领域,构成法律实证主义理论脉络中的隐匿线索。制度法论通过“制度事实”的概念架起了事实与规范之间的理论联系,运用法律原则的工具实现了价值与规范的汇合,借助实践理性的范畴消解了事实与价值的背景差异。制度法论尝试构建一种融合事实、规范和价值的法律理论分析框架,以法律体系的开放性来回应价值论意义上的休谟问题。然而,“原始事实”与“制度事实”的二分无法有效地回应规范命题,“制度事实”的概念是对规范与价值间界限的混淆,规则体系在事实的前提中隐晦地演绎出规范性的内涵。制度法论虽然立意新颖,观点独特,但仍然陷入了事实、规范与价值的纠缠。

麦金太尔对休谟问题的历史主义诊断及其困难

休谟问题的实质是“是”与“应当”间的鸿沟问题。关于这一问题,麦金太尔曾基于历史主义的立场做了独特的分析。他认为,“是”与“应当”的鸿沟是现代道德哲学研究脱离亚里士多德的目的论框架和功能性解释的后果。解决休谟问题,需要回归亚里士多德传统,采纳亚里士多德传统的目的论架构和功能性解释,回归传统共同体生活,在集体实践中重获“善”的规定。然而,麦金太尔的功能性解释过分依赖传统,对于现代道德形态的历史合理性并不能提供充分说明,由此,道德评价与非道德评价的界限将变得模糊,人的自我理解和自我筹划空间将受到限制,道德的崇高性亦将难以得到说明。

超越存在与非存在

当胡塞尔谈到所谓的“超越论还原”或“现象学悬置”时,许多人认为他避开了真理或存在的问题,理由有二:第一,胡塞尔明确指出,当我们进行还原时,不应再简单地“假定它既对我呈现又作为事实存在者而呈现”,并且应该悬置我们关于“现实存在方面”的判断;第二,胡塞尔在提到观念的“对象”时似乎没问题,即使当我们指的是非存在的、幻觉的或实际上不可能的对象时。这貌似表明,他对是否存在相应的“普遍的”对象问题不感兴趣。本文试图对此提出质疑,并将表明,他的研究不但从未忽略真理和存在的问题,而且将它们凸显出来。

The Humean Way to China： Beyond the Stereotype

David Hume seems to receive several stereotypes and commonplace sentiments about China regarding its religion, national character, government, practices and economy, that he goes on to dismantle. Doing so, he allows the eighteenth-century reader to look at China from a different perspective. This perspective can still be useful especially today, when the ＂immense distance＂ between China and Europe has been reduced and, as Hume would say, almost everything we use is Chinese. In the name of an ambivalent European tradition, we are often inclined to revive these commonplace sentiments （for example, the uniformity of Chinese character） and neglect that part of our own tradition that tries to understand what is behind them and that also offers us the tools to go beyond them. This study endeavors to assemble an array of Hume＇s scattered remarks, consider them in their context, and explore their possible sources in order to obtain not only a more Humean China, but also a more Chinese Hume.

中材国际天津院总包马来西亚HUME二线项目回转窑点火成功

6月4日,由天津院总承包的马来西亚HUME二线项目回转窑成功点火。这是天津院积极践行"走出去"发展战略取得的又一成果,将进一步巩固和增强了天津院在马来西亚水泥行业的知名度和影响力。集团董事长刘志江,中材国际董事长、天津院及装备集团党委书记宋寿顺,天津院及装备集团董事长徐培涛,集团董事会秘书、总经理助理傅金光;

一种探索高熵合金相形成的端到端机器学习框架

探索高熵合金(HEAs)的相形成规则对于新型合金的设计具有明确的指导意义。提出一种端到端的框架用来从特征池和模型池中分别选择特征子集和机器学习(ML)模型。在该框架中,模型池中的模型基于其获得的特征重要性来选择适合自身的特征子集;通过评估每个模型和其对应的特征子集的拟合结果,用于建立目标任务的预测模型;最终,获得影响HEAs相形成的重要因素。研究结果显示,建立的相预测模型可将430种HEAs分成5种相,测试准确度达到87.8%,并且通过分析模型发现,当原子尺寸差异大于8.295%时,HEAs的单相固溶体的形成受到抑制。

党争之源与治理之道——苏格兰启蒙学者的派别理论探析

党派之争是苏格兰启蒙运动社会政治研究领域颇受关注的问题之一。有别于西方早期和近代政治思想家的党派理论,休谟、斯密、弗格森等苏格兰启蒙学者的派别思想不仅结合文明发展阶段论和商业社会的历史语境,而且运用人性科学的方法深入探究派系现象产生的根源,指出党派竞争对自由政体维存的必要性,因而呈现其启蒙特质和现代视野。在苏格兰启蒙学者看来,治理党争的关键是要在限制纯粹的派别争斗与提供健康的竞争环境之间取得平衡。他们一方面倡导采取启蒙教化的手段化解派系间的极端成见,一方面主张通过市场调节和制度设置等手段以转化和引导党派竞争而使之服务于公共福祉。

基础规范对休谟问题的回应及其反思

近代之前实在法的正当性一直诉诸内容更高级的自然法来证成,近代以来以形而上学和神学为基础的自然法一度被斥为空谈,实在法开始向社会事实寻求正当性,但这一路径被休谟问题阻断。实证法学转而从法律本身寻求正当性,奥斯丁试图通过区分立法学和法理学来回避这一问题,凯尔森则选择直面休谟问题,提出具有康德色彩的基础规范来解决事实和价值之间不可通约的问题。凯尔森通过预设基础规范的最高效力来解决法律规范体系的效力来源问题,从形式上避免了休谟问题的诘难,然而基础规范之内容取决于构成特定秩序之事实,用事实决定之内容作为形式之鉴别标准,很难说从根本上解决了休谟问题。在限定的时空条件下,从实践理性的角度来论证法的正当性,从而化解休谟问题,或许是更具有建设意义的次优选择。

现代人如何彼此同情?--以休谟与卢梭的同情观为焦点

在关于自我与他人如何合群共存的探讨中,休谟和卢梭提供了两种内在一致且可协同生效的同情方案。作为典型的现代理论家,他们对同情的关注和这种关注对道德情感的共同倚重体现了现代伦理生活对人性与道德的内向探索和对日常生活的肯定。从这些共同的问题意识出发,两种世俗化且平等化的同情观着意强调了现代人能够基于自然的心灵内在构造而发挥道德情感的力量,葆有同情这种自然美德并坚持一种关照人类、超越立场和利益的普遍主义式同情姿态。进一步就具体的同情机制而言,休谟式同情体现为对一切苦乐感受和赞责评价的“同感共鸣”,卢梭式同情体现为对他人痛苦的“设身处地”,前者着眼于悲悯而冷静的旁观,后者着眼于自顾却热情的行动,它们共同导向了正义问题,有待当代阐释者甄别两种同情观的转型意味并由此探索如何借助同情改善社会。

商业、正义与现代文明——论休谟商业观的现代性意义

“商业”是理解休谟道德哲学和政治哲学不可忽视的核心构成。休谟强调财产权是一个社会的基础,确立以财产权为核心的正义规则能最大限度地促进“商业”的繁荣,从而带来公共效用的积累和社会美德的增长。以财产权及其正义规则为内在要求的“商业”,对社会产生了广泛而复杂的影响,进而形塑了“现代”道德世界和政治世界。从对商业的讨论可以发现,休谟的正义理论并非一种纯粹的财产权理论,而是一种正义如何促进公共美德和塑造现代制度的道德哲学与政治哲学的深刻说明,也是一种为现代商业文明提供多层次辩护的道德与政治理论体系。

休谟的人格同一性之谜

休谟在《人性论》附录中承认,当他运用自己的知觉理论去探讨人格同一性问题时,得出的结论是很有缺陷的。具体来说,有两条原则之间存在不一致,但休谟并没有直接陈述原则的不一致之处。很多哲学家先后提出了自己对这个问题的理解,然而这些理解都没有抓住休谟的两条原则的冲突之处。通过考量一些解释的共同缺陷,我们发现休谟人格同一性解释的关键问题在于他过于狭隘的本体论预设。