Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

Primary Study on Reasons for the Growth Re-cession of Fragrant Camphor Trees at the West Lake Scenic Area and Diagnosis Procedure

Fragrant camphor tree is the city tree of Hangzhou which takes a large proportion of the ancient trees in Hangzhou City. Recently, with the free open of the attractions around the West Lake and the implementation of the comprehensive pro- ject for protecting the West Lake, a part of ancient fragrant camphor trees are fac- ing problems such as altered living conditons. Some of them are showing a decline in growth vigor or even close to death, which will produce extremely negative influ- ences on the maintaining and sustainable development of the West Lake Scenic Area if without any timely measures for the rescue and rejuvenation of the trees. Therefore, strengthening the protection and management of ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area and carrying out researches on the procedure for diagnosing the reasons for the growth recession of the ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area are of great significance for the future protec- tion and rejuvenation of the ancient trees around the West Lake. The factors influ- encing the growth of ancient trees and indexes for judging the growth condition were listed and the reasons for the growth recession were systematically summa- rized in this paper. In addition, measures for the rejuvenation of the ancient fragrant camphor trees were also simply discussed.

Study on Environmental Capacity and Sustainable Development Strategy of Scenic Areas ——Taking the Scenic Area of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou for an Example

Taking the scenic area of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou for an example, the quantitative evaluation model of environmental capacity and impact factors limiting sustainable development of scenic area were put forward, and targeted control measures were correspondingly proposed.

Analysis of Meteorological Scenery in the West Lake Scenic Area

West Lake in Hangzhou City is famous for its top ten sceneries, whose landscape and culture is a demonstration of the Chinese traditional philosophy 'Doctrine of the Mean' in culture and landscape esthetics, meanwhile, it is also an apotheosis of artificial landscapes combined with natural scenes. The sublimation and utilization of meteorological scenery in West Lake reached a high artistic level. The artistic and aesthetic compositions of meteorological scenery in the West Lake were emphatically analyzed.

Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.

A Study on Snowstorm Weather in Coastal Area of Western Antarctic

In this paper, based on the observational data of 1995 in the Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station the snowstorm is studied synoptically. It is found that there are two kinds of snowstorms with different physical characteristics and that the happening of snowstorm is always accompanied by a near-ground level inversion layer. The function of the inversion layer is analyzed, too. It is indicated that the strong ESE-wind type snowstorm is mainly caused by katabatic wind and gradient wind together. This idea is new and different from the general concept that there is no katabatic wind in the western Antarctic area.

Qualitative Comparison of Cultural Resources in Famous Scenic Areas: A Case Study of the West Lake and the Yunhu Lake

Theories and basic methods of evaluating cultural resources in famous scenic areas were explored, on the basis of which quantitative evaluation model and evaluation indexes were established, such as abundance, density, historical value, cultural value and social value of cultural resources, influence, peculiarity, integrity, development and utilization capacity. The West Lake in Hangzhou City and the Yunlong Lake Scenic Area were taken for example.

Observation Research of the Turbulent Fluxes of Momentum, Sensible Heat and Latent Heat over the West Pacific Tropical Ocean Area

This paper describes results of the fluxes of momentum , sensible heat and latent heat for the West Pacific Tropical Ocean Area ( 127 ° E - 150 ° E , 5 ° N -3 ° S ). The data were collected by the small tethered balloon sounding system over this ocean area including 6 continuous stations (140 ° E. 0 ° ; 145 ° E, 0 ° ; 150 ° E, 0 ° ; 140° E, 5 ° N; 145 ° E, 5° N and 150 ° E, 5 ° N) from 11 October to 15 December, 1986 . These fluxes were calculated by the semiempirical flux-profile relationships of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory using these observed data. The results show that for this tropical ocean area the drag coefficient CD is equal to (1.53 ± 0.25) × 10 3 and the daily mean latent flux Hl is greater than its daily mean sensible flux HV by a factor of about 9.

Contribution to the Ground Water Hydrology of the Quaternary Aquifer in West Ismailia Area, Egypt

Hydrologic conditions of the ground water of the Quaternary aquifer in west Ismailia area, Egypt, were characterized based on new hydrologic data collected in 2017. The Quaternary aquifer consists of alluvial deposits. The grain size distribution results indicate that the major part of the aquifer deposits is formed of medium to coarse grained sand with medium uniformity coefficients ranging between 2.5 and 10. They also reflect the heterogeneity, anisotropy and high productivity of the aquifer. The estimated aquifer parameters range from 29% to 41% for total porosity, from 18.71 m/day to 63.95 m/day for horizontal hydraulic conductivity, from 8.94 m/day to 61.6 m/day for vertical hydraulic conductivity, from 1.01 to 4.27 for anisotropy and from 1870 m2/day to 6549 m2/day for transmissivity. The ground water flows mainly from the north and northeast recharge sources (Ismailia and El Manaief canals) and from the south recharge area (Miocene aquifer), with an average hydraulic gradient of 0.00438. The recharge rate to the aquifer (from the southern area) and the Darcy’s velocity of ground water are estimated to be 447 × 106 m3/year and 0.203 m/day (on average), respectively. A great change in the hydrologic setting of the aquifer is occurred during the period of 1992-2017, where the groundwater flow has changed during that period. The aquifer contains fresh to saline water. An oxidizing (alkaline) environment is reported for the aquifer, as revealed from the relationship between the redox potential (185 - 836 mV) and pH (5.2 - 7.5 standard units). This indicated the capability of ground water to dissolve heavy metals associated to rock-forming minerals. A wide variation in the concentrations of total dissolved solids (320 - 7385 mg/l) and dissolved oxygen (2.13 - 8.4 mg/l) in the Quaternary aquifer is observed, reflecting the local variation of the environmental and geologic conditions and indicating the influence of different recharge sources.

Distribution patterns of fire regime in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, West Africa

Pendjari Biosphere Reserve(PBR),a primary component of the W-Arly-Pendjari transboundary biosphere reserve,represents the largest intact wild ecosystem and pristine biodiversity spot in West Africa.This savannah ecosystem has long been affected by fire,which is the main ecological driver for the annual rhythm of life in the reserve.Understanding the fire distribution patterns will help to improve its management plan in the region.This study explores the fire regime in the PRB during 2001–2021 in terms of burned area,seasonality,fire frequency,and mean fire return interval(MFRI)by analysing moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area product.Results indicated that the fire season in the PBR extends from October to May with a peak in early dry season(November–December).The last two fire seasons(2019–2020 and 2020–2021)recorded the highest areas burned in the PBR out of the twenty fire seasons studied.During the twenty years period,8.2%of the reserve burned every 10–11 months and 11.5%burned annually.The largest part of the reserve burned every one to two years(63.1%),while 8.3%burned every two to four years,5.8%burned every four to ten years,and 1.9%burned every ten to twenty years.Only 1.3%of the entire area did not fire during the whole study period.Fire returned to a particular site every 1.39 a and the annual percentage of area burned in the PBR was 71.9%.The MFRI(MFRI<2.00 a)was low in grasslands,shrub savannah,tree savannah,woodland savannah,and rock vegetation.Fire regime must be maintained to preserve the integrity of the PBR.In this context,we suggest applying early fire in tree and woodland savannahs to lower grass height,and late dry season fires every two to three years in shrub savannah to limit the expansion of shrubs and bushes.We propose a laissez-faire system in areas in woodland savannah where the fire frequency is sufficient to allow tree growth.Our findings highlight the utility of remote sensing in defining the geographical and temporal patterns of fire in the PBR and could help to manage this important fire prone area.

青岛西海岸新区蓝莓不同栽培模式生产中存在的技术问题

青岛西海岸新区是山东省蓝莓产业的主要生产区,蓝莓栽培模式多样,实现温室、保温式大棚、大棚、露天4种模式。通过调研、分析,归纳出不同生产模式出现的品种、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等栽培技术方面的问题,形成初步总结与提议,为山东省蓝莓技术提升和产业发展提供参考。

海温异常对长江流域夏季典型旱涝的影响研究

为研究长江流域夏季旱涝特征及其与海温异常之间的关联性,基于中国326个气象站降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用合成分析、EOF分解等方法,分析了长江流域夏季典型旱涝年的降水分布、同期大气环流及前期海温特征,并以2018年为例,初步揭示了2018年前期海温异常对大气环流的可能影响。结果表明:①长江流域夏季典型旱年,仅嘉陵江和岷沱江会表现出局部偏涝,全国为典型的Ⅰ类雨型,多雨区位于黄河流域及以北地区。前期冬季赤道太平洋表现出类拉尼娜的东冷西暖分布,同时黑潮区海温偏低,西风漂流区海温偏暖。受多海域协同作用,同期欧亚环流场上自西北向东南呈现出“+-+”三极型分布,东亚地区为自北向南“-+-”的EAP负位相。长江流域典型涝年,全国多为典型的Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类雨型,环流及海温呈现出相反特征。②2018年为典型的长江中下游偏旱年,仅在岷沱江降水偏多近3成,为历史第4多,与长江流域夏季降水的主模态正位相类似,解释方差达24%。③2018年前冬出现弱拉尼娜、春末夏初西风漂流区异常偏暖、NAT异常正位相,三者共同作用,使得东亚副热带西风急流偏北,东亚沿岸出现EAP负位相,大陆热低压明显偏强,东亚夏季风为1961年以来最强,同时副高脊线最北,造成夏季降水主雨带北推至华北、西北地区,岷沱江、嘉陵江异常多,而长江中下游异常少,为典型的Ⅰ类雨型。研究成果可为长江流域旱涝预测、水资源调度提供参考。

杭州西湖风景名胜区陆生维管植物物种多样性现状与分析

2020年至2022年对杭州西湖风景名胜区内的陆生维管植物进行了调查。通过对历史文献的收集和对本次调查结果的评析,共记录陆生维管植物1223种(含种下单位),隶属156科,610属。记录区域内新增野生或逸生植物15种,并对65种植物在区域内的现存提出质疑;同时对物种的科属组成、生活型组成、珍稀濒危植物现状及外来植物进行了分析;本次调查到珍稀植物14种,记录具潜在风险的外来植物34种,其中新增7种;最后对景区的植物多样性保护提出了合理建议。

青岛西海岸新区蓝莓生产中的问题及对策

青岛西海岸新区蓝莓4种生产模式均存在栽培技术问题。该文在建立科学的蓝莓生产管理理念、做好品种的优化提升、建立适宜的栽培技术体系(包括修剪技术、环境调控技术、水肥管理技术、病虫害防控技术)等方面提出解决对策及技术标准。

鄂西地区二叠系页岩气钻完井难点及对策

鄂西地区二叠系优质页岩发育、有机质丰度高、资源潜力大,但受地表地下双复杂地质条件的制约,十三五期间区内始终未实现页岩气商业开发。为找寻区内有效储层实现鄂西商业突破,进而率先打开湖北页岩气开发阵地,江汉油田相继在石柱复向斜建南构造二叠系吴二段历时3年部署12口勘探评价井。围绕吴二段“一薄三复杂”特征,地质上采用边摸索边研究边实践的精细工作思路,工程上采用边实践边研究边提效的精准优快迭代方法。通过12口井的钻井—压裂—试采一体化研究,逐步认清二叠系吴二段储层地质特征,形成复杂岩相薄层页岩全息储层精细表征技术,完成了页岩气储层全尺度综合评价,稳步优化二叠系井身结构设计技术,研选了高效破岩钻头钻具组合,研发了防漏防塌防储层伤害的钻井液体系,配套了小井眼窄间隙固井技术,形成页岩优快钻完井技术,实现安全成井率100%;揭示了高模量多灰岩夹层页岩的成缝机制,构建了以“降压促缝、动态控滤、控近扩远”为核心的压裂工艺技术,建立了“实施评估—动态调整”的工艺迭代调整技术,形成了页岩精准压裂技术,压后成藏率100%。勘探开发率先实现了国内二叠系新层系页岩气重大突破,获得了薄层复杂岩相页岩稳定工业气流,湖北省页岩气规模超千亿方增储,为中国非常规能源勘探在新层系方面实施勘探开发提供“湖北经验”,技术成果应用于鄂西渝东地区,推广应用效果好。

新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束

509道班西锂矿床是西昆仑造山带新近发现的大型伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床。作为区内典型的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床,509道班西锂矿的成矿机制和伟晶岩演化过程对认识整个西昆仑成矿带的成矿作用具有重要意义。作为花岗伟晶岩中的重要矿物,石英是追踪伟晶岩成矿作用过程的理想对象。509道班西矿床的花岗伟晶岩普遍发育强烈的糜棱岩化作用,具有典型的韧性变形特征,通过对糜棱岩化伟晶岩脉进行变形组构分析、石英包裹体测温和石英Ti温度计计算,揭示了与伟晶岩就位相关的大陆地壳变形过程中流体的热力学演化过程,并探讨了韧性变形对区域找矿的启示意义。糜棱岩化伟晶岩中锂辉石、斜长石等矿物主要以脆性破裂为主,具有刚体变形的特征;石英主要发育膨凸重结晶现象,细小的新晶体在较大的石英条带边部形成,可见石英残斑,并具有亚颗粒旋转现象,部分发育核幔构造;白云母普遍变形成云母鱼。石英包裹体、锂辉石和石英的变形特征等微观结构证据表明,糜棱岩化伟晶岩的变形温度为300~400℃,石英Ti温度计得出的变形温度为371~398℃和351~377℃。伟晶岩中石英包裹体的均一温度平均为260~283℃,可能记录了石英变形晚阶段的温度。研究表明,509道班西地区的伟晶岩在侵位过程中经历了一期强烈的低温、高应变速率的韧性变形,伟晶岩就位是快速冷却过程的产物,在高应力和较低温度条件下,动态重结晶(GBM)导致的晶粒粒径减小严重改变了岩石的流变学性质;从~400℃到~260℃的超冷却过程(ΔT=±140℃)中,造成伟晶岩中矿物结晶新核迅速减少,更有利于形成粗大的石英等矿物颗粒,形成伟晶岩脉所有显著特征和独特的岩石结构和矿物组合的空间分带,超冷却在伟晶岩就位过程中具有重要的作用。

西湖龙井茶“狮、龙、云、虎、梅”字号的历史形成及其分布

历史上“狮、龙、云、虎、梅”老字号产区是西湖龙井茶核心产区,茶园主要分布在龙井、翁家山、杨梅岭、满觉陇、梅家坞等村落,其字号大致形成于清末民国期间,尤其是民国期间其产地细分已较为详细和明确。1949年后,老字号进行归并,形成了“狮峰龙井”“梅坞龙井”“西湖龙井”3个品类,目前加上后来新增的产地品类,统称为西湖龙井茶。

基于MRAS证据权重法的西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区锰矿床成矿预测

西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区是中国重要的锰矿资源基地,目前区内仍不断有新的锰矿点被报道,已发现多个大中型锰矿床。该地区锰矿床为海相沉积型矿床,赋矿层位为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组(C_(2)k)与下二叠统玛尔坎雀库塞山组(P_(1)m)。本文在总结玛尔坎苏地区锰矿床成矿规律的基础上,基于MRAS证据权重法,重建了该地区的锰矿床找矿模型。提取并构置了地层、遥感、锰化探异常3个预测要素作为证据因子。(1)地层信息证据因子:上石炭统喀拉阿特河组(C_(2)k)碳酸盐岩与下二叠统玛尔坎雀库塞山组(P_(1)m);(2)遥感证据因子:铁染异常区及羟基异常区;(3)化探证据因子:锰单元素化探异常区域。根据后验概率值圈定三级找矿有利靶区7处,并对找矿靶区进行了验证。通过圈定有利区,为下步找矿新突破提供了新的借鉴。

城市公园常见植物固碳能力评估

为探究杭州市常见植物在四季生长过程中的固碳能力,以杭州西湖风景名胜区典型的50种植物为研究对象,结合便携式光合仪和植物冠层分析仪创新研究方法,分别测算植物四季的光合速率及叶面积,以评估其固碳能力。结果表明:广玉兰固碳能力最强,樟、三球悬铃木等较强,火棘、绣球、金丝桃较弱;乔木固碳能力强于灌木,常绿乔木固碳能力最强;不同季节植物固碳能力为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。因此,在植物群落设计时,应加强高固碳能力植物的应用,增加常绿乔木的比例,最大程度提升植物景观美学价值和生态效益。