Around 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall along the New Jersey shoreline after its completion of extratropical transition and transformation into an extratropical cyclone. The strong gale induced a catastr...Around 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall along the New Jersey shoreline after its completion of extratropical transition and transformation into an extratropical cyclone. The strong gale induced a catastrophic storm surge, and caused 72 death and damage of more than $50 billion. In this paper, the evolutionary process and spatial structure of the Hurricane Sandy during its extratropical transition were investigated by using Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） version 3.3.1 modeling resuits and National Center for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Coupled Forecast System model version 2 reanalysis datasets （CFSv2）. It is found that during the upper-level trough interaction on 29 October, Sandy gradually fused with a pre-existing mid-latitude low-pressure system, and finished the re-intensification. WRF modeling results showed that the second peak occurred mainly due to the enhanced vertical motion, reduced vertical wind shear as well as the supplement of potential vorticity resulting from trough interaction over the southeast of Great Lakes. The cold continental air from the back of trough was encircled within the warm core system cyclonically, forming the characteristic of warm seclusion.展开更多
Background:Burn related injuries from natural disasters are not wel described and natural disasters are not identified as an etiology of burn injury in the National Burn Repository(NBR)of the American Burn Association...Background:Burn related injuries from natural disasters are not wel described and natural disasters are not identified as an etiology of burn injury in the National Burn Repository(NBR)of the American Burn Association.The natural disaster Super Storm Hurricane Sandy had devastating effects.Our goal was to detail the burn related injuries fol owing this natural disaster and to compare the data to the NBR.Methods:This was a retrospective chart review of thirty four patients who sustained burn related injuries following Super Storm Hurricane Sandy(SSHS)and were managed at Staten Island University Hospital Burn Center.Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.Data variables included age,gender,race,past medical history(PMHx),burn type,percentage total body surface area(%TBSA),hospital length of stay(HLOS),and mortality.We compared data from SSHS to the 2003-2013 NBR.Categorical data were summarized using frequency counts,percentages and Clopper-Pearson 95%confidence interval for proportion.Continuous outcome data were summarized by descriptive statistics.Data analyses performed with SAS?System Version 9.3(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC)and p<0.05 was significant.Results:In the SSHS group,average age was 36+24 years,range 1-80 years,and 44.1%were males(15/34,95%CI:27.2-62.1).Caucasians comprised 58.8%,(20/34,95%CI:40.7,75.4)and 73.5%had no PMHx(25/34,95%CI:55.6,87.1).The most common burn type was scald,55.9%,(19/34,95%CI:37.9,72.8)and%TBSA ranged 1%–47%,average of 7%+12%.The average HLOS was 13+26 days,range of 1–113 days.Mortality was 2.9%(1/34,95%CI:0.07–15).In comparison,the NBR reported an average age of 32 years and 69%were males.Caucasians comprised 59.1%.The most common burn type was flame,43.2%and the%TBSA ranged 1%–9.9%.HLOS ranged 8.4–10.2 days and mortality was 3.4%.Conclusion:We conclude that burn related injuries following a natural disaster differ as compared to those most commonly reported in the NBR.展开更多
This paper develops a social media-disaster resilience analysis framework by categorizing types of social media use and their challenges to better understand and assess its role in disaster resilience research and man...This paper develops a social media-disaster resilience analysis framework by categorizing types of social media use and their challenges to better understand and assess its role in disaster resilience research and management.The framework is derived primarily from several case studies of Twitter use in three hurricane events in the United States-Hurricanes Isaac,Sandy,and Harvey.The paper first outlines four major contributions of social media data for disaster resilience research and management,which include serving as an effective communication platform,providing ground truth information for emergency response and rescue operations,providing information on people's sentiments,and allowing predictive modeling.However,there are four_key challenges to its uses,which include,easy spreading of false information,social and geographical disparities of Twitter use,technical issues on processing and analyzing big and noisy data,especially on improving the locational accuracy of the tweets,and algorithm bias in Al and other types of modeling.Then,the paper proposes twenty strategies that the four sectors of the social media community-organizations,individuals,social media companies,and researchers-could take to improve social media use to increase disaster resilience.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant number of 41275049the open project of Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China
文摘Around 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall along the New Jersey shoreline after its completion of extratropical transition and transformation into an extratropical cyclone. The strong gale induced a catastrophic storm surge, and caused 72 death and damage of more than $50 billion. In this paper, the evolutionary process and spatial structure of the Hurricane Sandy during its extratropical transition were investigated by using Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） version 3.3.1 modeling resuits and National Center for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Coupled Forecast System model version 2 reanalysis datasets （CFSv2）. It is found that during the upper-level trough interaction on 29 October, Sandy gradually fused with a pre-existing mid-latitude low-pressure system, and finished the re-intensification. WRF modeling results showed that the second peak occurred mainly due to the enhanced vertical motion, reduced vertical wind shear as well as the supplement of potential vorticity resulting from trough interaction over the southeast of Great Lakes. The cold continental air from the back of trough was encircled within the warm core system cyclonically, forming the characteristic of warm seclusion.
文摘Background:Burn related injuries from natural disasters are not wel described and natural disasters are not identified as an etiology of burn injury in the National Burn Repository(NBR)of the American Burn Association.The natural disaster Super Storm Hurricane Sandy had devastating effects.Our goal was to detail the burn related injuries fol owing this natural disaster and to compare the data to the NBR.Methods:This was a retrospective chart review of thirty four patients who sustained burn related injuries following Super Storm Hurricane Sandy(SSHS)and were managed at Staten Island University Hospital Burn Center.Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.Data variables included age,gender,race,past medical history(PMHx),burn type,percentage total body surface area(%TBSA),hospital length of stay(HLOS),and mortality.We compared data from SSHS to the 2003-2013 NBR.Categorical data were summarized using frequency counts,percentages and Clopper-Pearson 95%confidence interval for proportion.Continuous outcome data were summarized by descriptive statistics.Data analyses performed with SAS?System Version 9.3(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC)and p<0.05 was significant.Results:In the SSHS group,average age was 36+24 years,range 1-80 years,and 44.1%were males(15/34,95%CI:27.2-62.1).Caucasians comprised 58.8%,(20/34,95%CI:40.7,75.4)and 73.5%had no PMHx(25/34,95%CI:55.6,87.1).The most common burn type was scald,55.9%,(19/34,95%CI:37.9,72.8)and%TBSA ranged 1%–47%,average of 7%+12%.The average HLOS was 13+26 days,range of 1–113 days.Mortality was 2.9%(1/34,95%CI:0.07–15).In comparison,the NBR reported an average age of 32 years and 69%were males.Caucasians comprised 59.1%.The most common burn type was flame,43.2%and the%TBSA ranged 1%–9.9%.HLOS ranged 8.4–10.2 days and mortality was 3.4%.Conclusion:We conclude that burn related injuries following a natural disaster differ as compared to those most commonly reported in the NBR.
基金supported by U.S.National Science Foundation:[Grant Number Award#:1762600 and 1620451].
文摘This paper develops a social media-disaster resilience analysis framework by categorizing types of social media use and their challenges to better understand and assess its role in disaster resilience research and management.The framework is derived primarily from several case studies of Twitter use in three hurricane events in the United States-Hurricanes Isaac,Sandy,and Harvey.The paper first outlines four major contributions of social media data for disaster resilience research and management,which include serving as an effective communication platform,providing ground truth information for emergency response and rescue operations,providing information on people's sentiments,and allowing predictive modeling.However,there are four_key challenges to its uses,which include,easy spreading of false information,social and geographical disparities of Twitter use,technical issues on processing and analyzing big and noisy data,especially on improving the locational accuracy of the tweets,and algorithm bias in Al and other types of modeling.Then,the paper proposes twenty strategies that the four sectors of the social media community-organizations,individuals,social media companies,and researchers-could take to improve social media use to increase disaster resilience.
