Measurement of integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, thallium acid phthalate （T1AP） and rubidium acid phthalate （RAP） crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100-5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models, but more close to the ＇Darwin Prins＇ model calculations.

KIRCHHOFF FORMULA WITH LINE INTEGRAL FORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In this paper, Kirchhoff formula has been transformed from surface integral form into a line integral form. The new form of the formula can be applied to separate geometrical optical field from diffraction field, and reduce the time of numerical computation greatly. Based on the new form, an analytical formula of diffraction field in the far zone has been presented for the polygonal aperture illuminated by a uniform plane wave.

Application of A Fast Multipole BIEM for Flow Diffraction from A 3D Body

A Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is developed as a numerical approach to the reduction of the computational cost and requirement memory capacity for a large in solving large-scale problems. In this paper it is applied to the boundary integral equation method (BIEM) for current diffraction from arbitrary 3D bodies. The boundary integral equation is discretized by higher order elements, the FMM is applied to avoid the matrix/vector product, and the resulting algebraic equation is solved by the Generalized Conjugate Residual method (GCR). Numerical examination shows that the FMM is more efficient than the direct evaluation method in computational cost and storage of computers.

Diffraction of plane P waves around an alluvial valley in poroelastic half-space

Diffraction of plane P waves around an alluvial valley of arbitrary shape in poroelastic half-space is investigated by using an indirect boundary integral equation method. Based on the Green＇s fimctions of line source in poroelastic half-space, the scattered waves are constructed using the fictitious wave sources close to the interface of the valley and the density of ficti- tious wave sources are determined by boundary conditions. The precision of the method is verified by the satisfaction extent of boundary conditions, and the comparison between the degenerated solutions and available results in single-phase case. Finally, the nature of diffraction of plane P waves around an alluvial valley in poroelastic half-space is investigated in detail through nu- merical examples.

Some Methods of Solution of Problems of Sound Diffraction on Bodies of Non-Analytical Form

This review analyzes following numerical methods of a solution of problems of a sound diffraction on ideal and elastic scatterers of a non-analytical form: a method of integral equations, a method of Green’s functions, a method of finite elements, a boundary elements method, a method of Kupradze, a T-matrix method and a method of a geometrical theory of a diffraction.

A novel self-alignment method for high precision silicon diffraction microlens arrays preparation and its integration with infrared focal plane arrays

Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-tion microlens arrays preparation in the conventional engraving method.It has a serious impact on its performance and subsequent applications.In response to the problem of errors of Si diffraction microlens arrays in the conven-tional method,a novel self-alignment method for high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays preparation is pro-posed.The accuracy of the Si diffractive microlens arrays preparation is determined by the accuracy of the first li-thography mask in the novel self-alignment method.In the subsequent etching,the etched area will be protected by the mask layer and the sacrifice layer or the protective layer.The unprotection area is carved to effectively block the non-etching areas,accurately etch the etching area required,and solve the problem of errors.The high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays are obtained by the novel self-alignment method and the diffraction effi-ciency could reach 92.6%.After integrating with IRFPAs,the average blackbody responsity increased by 8.3%,and the average blackbody detectivity increased by 10.3%.It indicates that the Si diffraction microlens arrays can improve the filling factor and reduce crosstalk of IRFPAs through convergence,thereby improving the perfor-mance of the IRFPAs.The results are of great reference significance for improving their performance through opti-mizing the preparation level of micro nano devices.

“科教融合”背景下科研反哺教学探究——以Co_(3)O_(4)晶体结构表征及其电催化性能为例

在“科教融合”背景下,将科学研究的前沿创新成果融入教学环节,以高质量教学保障人才培养成效,对于培养新时代创新人才具有重要意义。本文针对《材料科学研究方法》专业必修课存在的理论与实践缺乏紧密联系的教学痛点,探究了科研反哺教学设计与实践的有效路径,设计了与理论知识紧密结合的且由典型科研成果转化的实验教学内容——“Co_(3)O_(4)晶体结构表征及其电催化性能”,采用案例型教学模式,引导学生深刻理解并掌握X射线衍射分析的基本原理、应用及数据分析方法,从而灵活运用材料分析表征方法。该教学实验设计对于促进学生实现“从学到用”的闭环、启发学生科研创新思维、提升学生自主学习能力具有极大的推动作用。

基于SiN平板波导光栅的128通道光学相控阵

为了避免全硅光学相控阵(OPA)的输出光功率饱和现象以及氮化硅的低移相效率,采用硅与氮化硅相结合的设计思路,在实现高功率输入的同时保证了调相效率;此外,硅基集成OPA为了避免通道间的相互耦合所引起的相位噪声,波导间距大于半波长,导致栅瓣的存在,进而使得扫描范围受限,故采用硅波导作为天线前的输入波导,以减小阵元间距。结果表明,芯片最终实现了41°×7.4°的扫描范围以及10.7 dB的芯片损耗。该研究对于OPA芯片的进一步改进是有帮助的。

基于ETA物理认知模型的光学课程理实一体化教学——以单缝夫琅禾费衍射为例

针对传统光学课程教学中存在理论与实验脱节的问题,基于ETA物理认知模型,对“单缝夫琅禾费衍射”的教学过程进行了理实一体化教学设计.在实验(E)认知阶段,先让学生观察单缝衍射现象,讨论后明确研究问题,再对衍射光斑宽度进行定量测量、总结实验规律.在理论(T)认知阶段,先根据实验规律建立衍射光斑宽度与狭缝宽度、传播距离之间的理论模型,再推导出衍射光强分布公式并进行实验验证.在应用(A)认知阶段,利用衍射光强分布公式解释衍射条纹的特征,最后通过作业、探究性实验培养学生的应用创新能力.实践结果表明,理实一体化教学模式更加符合ETA物理认知规律,可以取得比传统教学模式更好的教学效果.

预测规则波浪中船舶运动和载荷的频域三维计算机程序

The development of an in-house computer program for determining the motions and loads of advancing ships through sea waves in the frequency domain,is described in this paper.The code is based on the potential flow formulation and originates from a double-body code enhanced with the regular part of the velocity potential computed using the pulsing source Green function.The code is fully developed in C++language with extensive use of the object-oriented paradigm.The code is capable of estimating the excitation and inertial radiation loads or arbitrary incoming wave frequencies and incidence angles.The hydrodynamic responses such as hydrodynamic coefficients,ship motions,the vertical shear force and the vertical bending moment are estimated.A benchmark container ship and an LNG carrier are selected for testing and validating the computer code.The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data which demonstrate the acceptable compliance for the zero speed whereas there are some discrepancies over the range of frequencies for the advancing ship in different heading angles.

可变光阑对焦深影响的探究

传统的标量光场其偏振态空间均匀分布,而矢量光场相较于标量光场其偏振态是空间变化的。这个空域变化的偏振特性使得矢量光场具有更大的调控自由度,在焦场设计、光学微操纵、微加工、以及量子信息领域有着潜在的应用。本文基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射理论,研究了可变光阑以及透镜数值孔径对双环角向偏振光束聚焦特性的影响。结果表明,通过改变光阑大小以及透镜数值孔径,不仅可以改变焦斑光强、焦斑大小,也可以显著改变焦场暗通道的长度,从而生成较长的暗通道。生成的可变焦场暗通道未来可用于光学微操纵以及微加工的应用中。

一体化加力燃烧室吸波介质涂敷位置对发动机雷达散射特征的影响

为了研究一体化加力燃烧室表面雷达吸波介质涂敷位置对发动机雷达散射特征的影响,采用弹跳射线法(SBR)和物理绕射理论(PTD)混合算法,针对配装一体化加力燃烧室的发动机后腔体开展了14种涂覆方案的数值计算和分析。结果表明:低压涡轮部件受到一体化支板的遮挡,其对发动机尾向雷达散射特征贡献相对较小,基本可以忽略;加力中心锥、一体化支板(背风面)、加力隔热屏(上游段)、喷管扩张段及喷管外调节片是发动机尾向重要的雷达散射源(在本研究计算条件下,单个因素影响约为20%~70%),是雷达吸波介质优先涂敷位置;加力合流环、加力隔热屏(中、下游段)、喷管收敛段在发动机尾向重点角域内基本不可视,雷达回波影响较弱(在本研究计算条件下,单个因素影响约为5%~10%),可作为雷达吸波介质视情涂敷位置。

职教本科院校公共基础课程教学创新与思政融合研究——以大学物理“夫琅禾费圆孔衍射”为例

以职教本科院校公共基础大学物理课程波动光学篇章的“夫琅禾费圆孔衍射”教学实施为例,讨论了职业院校公共基础课程教学创新以及课程思政有效融合的研究和实践.在教学过程中,教师创新教学方法、优化教学内容,将大学物理课程与思政元素有机融合,赋予大学物理课程创新教学模式,激发并保持学生的学习兴趣,通过探索物理现象,揭示隐藏其中的物理规律,培养学生良好的思维习惯和科学的实践探索能力.

A NEW INTEGRAL EQUATION FORMULATION FOR SCATTERING BY PENETRABLE DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

This paper is concerned with the problem of scattering of time-harmonic electromag- netic waves from penetrable diffraction gratings in the 2D polarization case. We propose a new, weakly singular, integral equation formulation for the scattering problem which is proved to be uniquely solvable. A main feature of the new integral equation formula- tion is that it avoids the computation of the normal derivative of double-layer potentials which is difficult and time consuming. A fast numerical algorithm is also developed for the scattering problem, based on the NystrSm method for the new integral equation. Nu- merical examples are also shown to illustrate the applicability of the new integral equation formulation.

On a Fast Integral Equation Method for Diffraction Gratings

The integral equation method for the simulation of the diffraction by optical gratings is an efficient numerical tool if profile gratings determined by simple crosssection curves are considered.This method in its recent version is capable to tackle profile curves with corners,gratings with thin coated layers,and diffraction scenarios with unfavorably large ratio period over wavelength.We discuss special implementational issues including the efficient evaluation of the quasi-periodic Green kernels,the quadrature algorithm,and the iterative solution of the arising systems of linear equations.Finally,as an example we present the simulation of echelle gratings which demonstrates the efficency of our approach.

Theoretical analysis of a collimated hollow-laser-beam generated by a single axicon using diffraction integral

A novel method to generate a collimated hollow-laser-beam (HLB) by only a single axicon is proposed. With some reasonable assumptions, the radial light intensity distribution is calculated in detail by diffraction integral theory.The result of numerical simulation shows that this method is valid.Compared with other methods of generating HLB,this scheme is extraordinarily simple in principle and can be utilized experimentally to construct a light trap in atomic fountain for convenience.

Numerical solutions of Green's integral equation for the diffraction of femtosecond laser pulses through a subwavelength aperture

In this letter, we propose a method for the numerical calculations of the femtosecond laser pulse passed through a subwavelength aperture. The time-dependent laser pulse is decomposed into a series of monochromatic simple harmonic waves. For the light field of the harmonic wave with a single frequency, the numerical calculation is made based on the solution of the Green's integral equation set of the electromagnetic waves. Such numerical solution is iterated for all the waves with different frequencies, and all the numerical solutions are transformed into the light fields in the time domain by inverse Fourier transform. The light intensity distributions transmitted the subwavelength aperture are calculated and the results show the propagation of the light field is along the direction of the medium interface.

Integrated diffractive optical neural network with space-time interleaving

Integrated diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)have significant potential for complex machine learning tasks with high speed and ultralow energy consumption.However,the on-chip implementation of a high-performance optical neural network is limited by input dimensions.In contrast to existing photonic neural networks,a space-time interleaving technology based on arrayed waveguides is designed to realize an on-chip DONN with high-speed,high-dimensional,and all-optical input signal modulation.To demonstrate the performance of the on-chip DONN with high-speed space-time interleaving modulation,an on-chip DONN with a designed footprint of 0.0945 mm~2is proposed to resolve the vowel recognition task,reaching a computation speed of about 1.4×10^(13)operations per second and yielding an accuracy of 98.3%in numerical calculation.In addition,the function of the specially designed arrayed waveguides for realizing parallel signal inputs using space-time conversion has been verified experimentally.This method can realize the on-chip DONN with higher input dimension and lower energy consumption.

End-to-end optimization of a diffractive optical element and aberration correction for integral imaging

In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE significantly reduces the final display quality. Thus, herein, an end-to-end joint optimization method for optimizing DOE and aberration correction is proposed. The DOE model is established using thickness as the variable, and a deep learning network is built to preprocess the composite image loaded on the display panel. The simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio value of the optimized image increases by 8 dB, which confirms that the end-to-end joint optimization method can effectively reduce the aberration problem.