A reliable and high throughput hybrid routing protocol for vehicular ad-hoc network

Due to highly dynamic topology caused by fast moving nodes the Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) results in the existence of transient communication links, which degrade the performance of developed protocols. Established routes frequently become stale, and existing communication flows are interrupted, incurring delay and additional overhead. In this paper we propose a novel hybrid routing protocol, which is the combined between of the table-driven routing and on-demand routing in VANET. It makes fast convergence in routing process, minimal drop links, making more reliable links, and adaptive with changing of VANET topology. With neighbor table is updated instantaneously, and using strong neighbor for routing process makes route discovery process start whenever it received requirement, and through using route mechanism appropriately it reduces significantly route overhead at each node. The simulation results illustrate the outstanding properties of our proposed routing protocol.

A FULLY-HYBRID MAC PROTOCOL IN LANS

In announced hybrid protocols,there are two mechanisms usually employed.One operates in aCSMA family manner and the other follows a token passing family way.However,only one ofthem works efficiently when traffic is light or heavy.This results in an inefficient redundance and aburden to the protocol implementation.In this paper,we present a new hybrid concept and its idealmodel in which risky transmissions alternate with safe transmissions in response to the dynamicchange in traffic.Being similar to virtual time CSMA in the abstract,a single control mechanism isproposed to approach this ideal model.The mechanism is rather compact,and its implementationcan be designed to be simple,efficient,reliable,robust,and fully distributed without any centralizedelement at any instant.Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism performs well overthe entire range of the traffic load from light to heavy.

A Hybrid Formal Description Method Based on FSM,CSP and ADT for Communication Protocol

Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.

Hierarchical hybrid control network design based on LON and master-slave RS-422/485 protocol

Aiming at the weaknesses of LON bus, combining the coexistence of fieldbus and DCS (Distribu ted Control Systems) in control networks, the authors introduce a hierarchical hybrid control network design based on LON and master slave RS 422/485 protocol. This design adopts LON as the trunk, master slave RS 422/485 control networks are connected to LON as special subnets by dedicated gateways. It is an implementation method for isomerous control network integration. Data management is ranked according to real time requirements for different network data. The core components, such as control network nodes, router and gateway, are detailed in the paper. The design utilizes both communication advantage of LonWorks technology and the more powerful control ability of universal MCUs or PLCs, thus it greatly increases system response speed and performance cost ratio.

DECLARATIVE HYBRID ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper presents adaptive hybrid protocols based on the declarative network and mainly discusses the principle and realization of the Bayesian-estimation based adaptive hybrid protocol in the declarative network, which is well adapted to the Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). The adaptive hybrid protocol is designed for ad hoc networks which have characteristics like self-organizing, no trusted party, flexibility, etc. The nodes that run the hybrid protocol can automatically select one routing protocol that is suitable for different network environment. The Bayesian-estimation based adaptive strategy, that improves the adaptability and stability of the protocol, succeeds in the Rapidnet, a declarative network engine. The result in the Rapidnet proves that the hybrid protocol and the adaptive strategy are feasible. The experiment on the ns-3 simulator, an emerging discrete-event network simulator, validates that this protocol performs well and reduces communication overheads.

Hybrid IGBT在3.3 kW RAC图腾柱无桥PFC的应用

为了解决3 HP家用空调PFC功率级IGBT和整流桥温升高以及散热器尺寸大的痛点,采用图腾柱无桥PFC,以混合IGBT IKZA50N65RH5作为高频桥臂开关管,建立了CCM模式平均电流控制的图腾柱无桥PFC的PLECS仿真模型,并在3.3 kW、IGBT开关频率65 kHz的图腾柱无桥PFC评估板上实际测试获得了最高97.924%的效率,有效降低了IGBT的温升,提高了整机可靠性。

OWC/RF混合通信系统研究进展

无线光/射频混合通信系统克服了单一通信系统的局限性,在最大发挥无线光通信优势的同时弥补了射频通信的不足,显著提高了链路的可用性和可靠性,为未来高速大容量的信息传输提供了独特的解决方案。对近年来无线光/射频混合通信系统的研究进展进行了综述,首先介绍了不同混合通信系统模型的工作原理与应用,然后讨论了混合通信系统所面临的挑战和解决方法,最后展望了无线光/射频混合通信系统的未来发展趋势,旨在为无线光/射频混合通信系统的进一步研究和发展奠定基础。

适用于水声传感器网络的混合路由协议

针对水声传感器网络中静态节点与移动节点不同路由设计需求,分析确定性路由和机会路由的特点,提出一种适用于水声传感器网络的混合路由协议(HRP-USN),将水声传感器网络区分为静态节点和移动节点开展设计。静态节点路由协议融合静态路由和动态路由优点,路由建立过程手动配置路由表,路由维护和重建过程采用联合MAC层反馈及聚焦转发控制的方式,兼顾自组织性和协议复杂性;移动节点采用机会路由,将数据以单跳方式发送到静态节点,自适应确定最优中继节点后按照已有路由传输到网关节点,利用水声信道广播特性,提升网络弱通信条件下数据包投递率。通过仿真分析,在不同节点移动速度和误码率条件下,HRP-USN数据包投递率明显优于其他传统路由协议,更加适合水声传感器网络。

基于射频链选择和混合预编码设计的双功能雷达通信能效最大化研究

针对毫米波大规模多天线双功能雷达通信系统能量效率低、硬件成本过高等问题,建立双功能雷达通信新模型,提出并求解系统能效最大化问题。首先,考虑硬件损耗干扰和多用户干扰等因素,提出新的通信模型与雷达模型。其次,构建具有感知约束和功率约束的能效最大化问题,并将该非凸问题分解为两个子问题。最后,利用基于近似优化方法的分数规划和加权正交匹配追踪算法,分别实现射频链选择子问题和混合预编码设计子问题的优化求解。仿真结果表明,所提机制方案不仅实现了系统能效最大化,同时实现了通信性能与感知性能之间的折中优化。

SER analysis and power allocation for hybrid cooperative transmission system

The symbol-error-rate（SER） and power allocation for hybrid cooperative（HC） transmission system are investigated.Closed-form SER expression is derived by using the moment generating function（MGF）-based approach.However,the resultant SER contains an MGF of the harmonic mean of two independent random variables（RVs）,which is not tractable in SER analysis.We present a simple MGF expression of the harmonic mean of two independent RVs which avoids the hypergeometric functions used commonly in previous studies.Using the simple MGF,closed-form SER for HC system with M-ary phase shift keying（M-PSK） signals is provided.Further,an approximation as well as an upper bound of the SER is presented.It is shown that the SER approximation is asymptotically tight.Based on the tight SER approximation,the power allocation of the HC system is investigated.It is shown that the optimal power allocation does not depend on the fading parameters of the source-destination（SD） channel and it only depends on the source-relay（SR） and relay-destination（RD） channels.Moreover,the performance gain of the power allocation depends on the ratio of the channel quality between RD and SR.With the increase of this ratio,more performance gain can be acquired.

Research on a Secure Communication Protocol Based on National Secret SM2 Algorithm

Most of the public key algorithms used in the exchange of information for power data transmission protocols are RSA. The core of the key part of this kind of algorithm system has not been announced. For the domestic sensitive information data field, there are threats such as preset backdoors and security vulnerabilities. In response to the above problems, the article introduces a secure communication protocol based on the optimized Secret SM2 algorithm, which uses socket programming to achieve two-way encrypted communication between clients and services, and is able to complete the security protection of data encryption transmission, authentication, data tampering, etc., and proves through experiments that the security protocol is more secure than traditional methods, can effectively identify each other, carry out stable and controllable data encryption transmission, and has good applicability.

基于MDRTDB并发控制协议DHP-2PL的研究

并发控制协议是确保数据库性能目标的一个关键问题,对移动分布式实时数据库(Mobile Distributed Real-time DataBase,简称MDRTDB)并发控制协议-分布式高优先级两段锁协议(Distributed High Priority two Phrase Locking protocol,简称DHP-2PL)从两个方面做出了改进:一是采用动态优先级分配策略,能够缩短实时事务执行的等待时间和避免饥饿现象的产生;二是为了增加并发度在加锁机制中使用混合加锁粒度,同时能够减少加锁开销。最后通过模拟应用环境的性能测试表明,这两方面的改进更好地满足了事务截止期的要求,提高了移动实时事务的成功率。

A CSMA/CA based MAC protocol for hybrid Power-line/Visible-light communication networks:Design and analysis

Hybrid Power-line/Visible-light Communication(HPVC)network has been one of the most promising Cooperative Communication(CC)technologies for constructing Smart Home due to its superior communication reliability and hardware efficiency.Current research on HPVC networks focuses on the performance analysis and optimization of the Physical(PHY)layer,where the Power Line Communication(PLC)component only serves as the backbone to provide power to light Emitting Diode(LED)devices.So designing a Media Access Control(MAC)protocol remains a great challenge because it allows both PLC and Visible Light Communication(VLC)components to operate data transmission,i.e.,to achieve a true HPVC network CC.To solve this problem,we propose a new HPC network MAC protocol(HPVC MAC)based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)by combining IEEE 802.15.7 and IEEE 1901 standards.Firstly,we add an Additional Assistance(AA)layer to provide the channel selection strategies for sensor stations,so that they can complete data transmission on the selected channel via the specified CSMA/CA mechanism,respectively.Based on this,we give a detailed working principle of the HPVC MAC,followed by the construction of a joint analytical model for mathematicalmathematical validation of the HPVC MAC.In the modeling process,the impacts of PHY layer settings(including channel fading types and additive noise feature),CSMA/CA mechanisms of 802.15.7 and 1901,and practical configurations(such as traffic rate,transit buffer size)are comprehensively taken into consideration.Moreover,we prove the proposed analytical model has the solvability.Finally,through extensive simulations,we characterize the HPVC MAC performance under different system parameters and verify the correctness of the corresponding analytical model with an average error rate of 4.62%between the simulation and analytical results.

Practical Routing Protocol Models to Improve Network Performance and Adequacy

The telecommunications network has become an essential facility of our daily life, which is the reason why a good number of the recent researches are directed to it. In this paper, the performance of routing protocols for selected network and the optimum way of utilizing the network resources is proposed, through improving the routing method protocols to obtain the most accurate communication models, which give the best network performance, taking into consideration that the protocol time interval to recalculate the future routing step is agreed to be our performance criteria, which is then used to determine the total amount of incoming traffic normalized at the best network performance with respect to the network capacity as well. Moreover, adaptive routing evaluation methods have been mathematically investigated in this work for telecommunication networks (TN), more precisely, developing the infrared radiation (IR) routing methods for hybrid TN applications, in terms of implementation conditions at a certain guaranteed quality of service, where we give a particular interest in analyzing routing methods based on the fact that the distribution information is contained in the routing variables, rather than in the state variables. The protocol that deals with the unbalanced traffic distribution over TN nodes has been investigated in this paper as well, and simulation results show good progress in the proposed protocol over the traditional protocols.

Performance analysis of QoS routing protocol for WiMedia networks

Though the WiMedia supports higher data rates than other WPAN technologies,a WiMedia device cannot reach other devices that are separated from it by more than 10 m,which is the typical limited transmission range of the WiMedia protocol.In this work,we propose a multi-hop QoS routing protocol to enable WiMedia devices to transmit real-time data to devices that are located out of the transmission range.The proposed routing protocol is a hybrid algorithm,which mixes the table-driven and on-demand routing algorithms,searching one or more routes according to the number of hops to a destination device.WiMedia MAC is potentially capable of learning the existence of neighbor devices by using a beacon frame.By utilizing the neighbors' information,all devices can create routing entries for devices within 2-hops periodically.For devices beyond the 2-hop range,the newly designed on-demand routing algorithm is applied to multi-hop routing.If a routing entry for a destination device is not listed in the routing table,the source device sends a request packet to 2-hop range devices which could be found in the routing table.Since every device maintains routing entries for 2-hop range devices in the routing table,the request packet is replied in advance before its arrival at the destination device.Also,to decide the optimal route for a destination device,the number of medium access slots(MASs),received signal strength indicator(RSSI)and hop count are utilized to establish a QoS-enabled routing table.We perform ns-2 simulation to investigate the performance of the proposed routing protocol with AODV and DSDV.The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better throughput and lower overhead than other protocols.

AES RSA-SM2 Algorithm against Man-in-the-Middle Attack in IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol

The IEC60870-5-104 protocol lacks an integrated authentication mechanism during plaintext transmission, and is vulnerable to security threats, monitoring, tampering, or cutting off communication connections. In order to verify the security problems of 104 protocol, the 104 master-slave communication implemented DoS attacks, ARP spoofing and Ettercap packet filtering and other man-in-the-middle attacks. DoS attacks may damage the network functions of the 104 communication host, resulting in communication interruption. ARP spoofing damaged the data privacy of the 104 protocol, and Ettercap packet filtering cut off the communication connection between the master and the slave. In order to resist the man-in-the-middle attack, the AES and RSA hybrid encryption signature algorithm and the national secret SM2 elliptic curve algorithm are proposed. AES and RSA hybrid encryption increases the security strength of communication data and realizes identity authentication. The digital signature implemented by the SM2 algorithm can realize identity verification, ensure that the data has not been tampered with, and can ensure the integrity of the data. Both of them improve the communication security of the 104 protocol.

交直流混联电网信息多协议安全认证集成技术研究

单一通信协议无法满足在复杂环境下网络认证的需求。提出面向交直流混联电网的多协议安全认证集成技术。为满足用户的前向安全性判定,以通用多信任域协议建立会话双方的密钥协议,更新算法的同时更新密钥,使得在不同信任域中,会话内容不被泄露;利用钥匙分发中心管理机制和公开密钥加密协议,分别对会话双方展开数字签名的验证,通过双向身份验证即可同意会话请求。仿真实验结果表明:会话发起后在出现噪声干扰的多个时刻下,所提方法均停止通信,避免了信息丢失;当噪声干扰出现次数由0增加到350次时,所提方法的正确终止通信准确率始终保持在90%以上。

A framework of hybrid authentication for link access under MIH environments

A unified hybrid authentication framework was proposed to provide proactive authentication and re-authentication for media independent handover(MIH)-based multi-wireless access.In addition,a specific protocol distributing a hierarchical key after the proactive authentication from key holder to base station has been proposed.The proposed hybrid authentication framework not only performs proactive authentication with credentials based on Chameleon hashing,which removes the authentication procedures that exchanges messages with a authentication server,but also performs re-authentication with EAP re-authentication protocol(ERP)that distributes the hierarchical key on the basis of the root key generated by the proactive authentication.

基于生物学科核心素养的HPS教学模式探索——以“孟德尔豌豆杂交实验”为例

科学史、科学哲学和科学社会学(HPS)相结合的教学模式是培养学生生物学科核心素养的良好工具。结合孟德尔豌豆杂交实验以及孟德尔个人的经历,利用HPS教学模式可以有效培养学生的理性思维,增强学生的社会责任感,提高学生的科学探究能力。

一种可动态配置的分布式内存池缓存一致性机制

在分布式内存系统中,缓存是减少远端内存访问开销的一种有效手段.然而,单一的缓存一致性保证机制往往不能高效适配不同类型负载的访存特性.为此,面向分布式异构内存池系统,设计了基于目录和基于广播相结合的混合缓存一致性保证机制.利用四象限矩阵分析方法,对每个数据对象进行访存模式的判定分析,并为其配置最高效的缓存一致性保证策略,并且可以根据对象访存特征的变化在2种策略之间动态切换.实验结果表明,相比使用单一的缓存一致性保证机制,采用可动态配置的混合缓存一致性保证机制可提升分布式异构内存池系统的读和写,性能平均达32.31%和31.20%.此外,混合的缓存一致性保证机制在客户端数量不断增加时仍然表现出良好的可扩展性.