Physiological traits of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) associated with iron toxicity

Iron toxicity,a physiological disorder of rice,is widelyspread in tropical and subtropical areas and causes severerice yield reduction.Although there has been a consider-able amount of research on flee growth,nutrient uptaking,

Genetic expression and effects of the rolled leaf gene Rl(t) in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

We constructed a nearisogenic line of rolled leaf gene Rl(t), which ex-pressed incompletely dondnance for the character of rolled leaf(RL), with ge-netic background of Zhenshan 97B. Using RL Zhenshan 97B and the originalZhenshan 97B as the female parents, and Minghui 63 and Yanhui 559 as themale parents, crosses of RL Shanyu 63 (RS63) and Shanyu 63(S63), RLShanyou 559 (RS559) and Shanyou 559 (S559) were made. Inheritance andeffects of Rl(t) in hybrid rice were studied at the flowering and at the 20 d afterflowering, respectively. Results were as follow:

Gametic selection in a doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of indica/japonica hybrid of Oryza Sativa L.

It is one of the key problems for application ofanther culture in hybrid breeding, geneticanalysis, and molecular mapping whether thedoubled haploid (DH) population derived fromanther culture of rice crosses represents a ran-dom array of the microspore population, i.e.whether gametic selection occurs in androgene-sis. A DH population including 132 lines de-

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L.

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.

Effects of chilling tolerance induced by spermidine pretreatment on antioxidative activity,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure of indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings

Spermidine（Spd） is known to be involved in the regulation of plant responses to chilling stress and counteract the adverse effect of stress conditions.Antioxidant activities,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure change under chilling stress were investigated in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.12-d-old seedlings were subjected to exogenous Spd（1 mmol L^（-1）） and then a chilling stress（6℃,4 d） was induced,followed by a subsequent recovery（25℃,4 d）.Results showed that malondialdehyde（MDA） and proline content were enhanced significantly,whereas shoot fresh and dry weights decreased during chilling stress and after recovery;chlorophyll content of chilling-stressed seedlings increased slightly but declined after recovery;additionally,total soluble sugar,sucrose,fructose and starch contents increased significantly during chilling stress,and only soluble sugar and fructose contents were observed in increase after recovery;chilling stress-induced increases in superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activities,but declined after recovery,and the level of ascorbate peroxidase was lower during chilling stress and after recovery;however,endogenous indole-3-acetic acid（IAA）,zeatin riboside（ZR）,gibberellic acid（GA_3）,and abscisic acid（ABA） levels were induced decreased compared with Spd pretreatment.The microscopic analysis revealed that chilling stress-induced destruction of the chloroplast envelope during chilling stress and increased the number of plastoglobuli along with aberrations in thylakoid membranes after recovery.In contrast,exogenous Spd protected rice seedlings from chilling-induced injuries in terms of lower malondialdehyde,proline and carbohydrates accumulation coupled with increased endogenous hormones metabolism.After recovery,Spd pretreatment chilling-exposed seedlings showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and normal physiological function of chloroplasts.These results suggest that Spd could promote effectively chilling tolerance which might be largely attributable to the integrity of cell structure and normal metabolism of endogenous hormones in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)亚种间杂交穗部性状的双列分析

采用6×6没有反交的完全双列杂交,对亚种间杂交穗部性状的遗传和基因作用以及配合力进行了研究。结果表明,粒长、粒宽、长宽比和粒重为不完全显性,遗传方差中以加性效应为主;穗长、二次支梗数、穗粒数为超显性,显性效应大于加性效应;一次支梗数表现有明显的上位性效应。狭义遗传力的排列顺序为粒宽>长宽比>千粒重>粒长>穗长>穗粒数>二次支梗数。二次支梗数和穗粒数具有相似的遗传基础,其余性状的基因系统具有相对的独立性。8EC1936对所有考察性状皆含有较多显性基因,而02428隐性基因偏多。约有1组显示显性的基因控制籽粒长宽比。穗长、千粒重、一次支梗数、二次支梗数和穗粒数的一般配合力和特殊配合力皆达极显著水平,粒长、粒宽、长宽比仅一般配合力达极显著。Lemont和02428对穗粒数及其相关性状的一般和特殊配合力俱佳;而对增加粒重和获得理想的籽粒形状8EC1936.CA529和矮64、Lemont是可供选择的亲源。

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)温敏核不育系在有利于遗传型鉴别环境下的遗传改良(英文)

低不育起点温度(CSP)、高自繁育性和高的异交结实率对于水稻温敏核雄性不育系配制纯合的杂交种子和获得经济的自繁种子有重要意义。本研究分析了不同环境对这些性状选择效率的影响,结果表明,温敏核雄性不育系的雄性不育起点温度、自繁雄性可育性、柱头外露率和穗伸出率、生长势和适应性的选择效应受环境影响。在某种环境下遗传材料的这些性状过高的表达并没有导致高的区分度,因为在这种情况下性状在株间表现较整齐一致,温敏核雄性不育基因(tms)在高温下雄性不育性也表现相似的结果,因此认为有必要在适当有利于区分遗传型的环境下进行选择。在相对较低的温度条件下选择低的CSP和高的自繁雄性可育性有较高的选择效率;在较高的湿度条件下选择柱头外露较有效,而高的温度下选择穗的抽出率效率高,在相对低的土壤肥力环境下改良不育系的生长活力和适应性效率高。

Prospect of the QTL-qSB-9^(Tq) utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice against sheath blight

The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the prospect of this QTL utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. Most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. At the corresponding site of qSB-9^Tq, nine typical japonica rice cultivars from different ecological regions or countries proved to possess the susceptible allele（s）. Introgression of qSB-9^Tq into these cultivars enhanced their resistance level by decreasing sheath blight score of 1.0 （0.5-1.3）, which indicated that qSB-9^Tq had a large potential in strengthening the resistance of japonica rice to sheath blight. The use of the three molecular markers, which were polymorphic between Teqing and many japonica rice cultivars, promotes the application of qSB-9^Tq in a concrete molecular breeding program.

Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings （HLMS） on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. A widely grown conventional super japonica rice cultivar （Wuyunjing 23） was selected as the test material. The effect of HLMS on seedling quality, mechanical transplantation quality, field growth characteristics, yield, and benefit-cost ratio were compared with seedlings grown in organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil, whJch was selected as the control. Root number, root twJstJng power and root activity of seedlings cultivated by HLMS were decreased compared to that of the organic substrates andcontrol. However, seedling root length as well as aboveground growth were increased compared to the organic substrates and control seed- lings. In the HLMS, the content of gibberellin acid （GA3） decreased while abscisic acid （ABA） content increased compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. During the early stages after transplanting, the re-greening of HLMS was delayed compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in tiller dynamics and crop yield among the HLMS, organic substrates and control treatments. The effects of HLMS on seedling production were similar to those of the organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil in the present study, suggesting that HLMS have the potential to replace traditional nutritive soil in seedling production without decreasing crop yield. Finally, it is important to reduce organic substrates and topsoil dependence during rice seedling production and worthwhile to consider HLMS popularization and its application on a larger scale.

Effect of side deep placement of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of single season late japonica rice

Side deep placement of nitrogen plays an important role in improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.Few studies have examined the effects of reducing the times of nitrogen(RTN)application and reducing the nitrogen rate(RNR)of application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side deep placement of nitrogen in paddy fields.Therefore,a field experiment of RNT and RNR treatments was conducted with nine fertilization modes during the 2018–2019 rice growing seasons in a rice–wheat cropping system of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China.Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were investigated under side deep placement of nitrogen.We found that under the same nitrogen application rate,the yield of RTN3 increased by 9.64 and 10.18%in rice varieties NJ9108 and NJ5718,respectively,compared with the farmers’fertilizer practices(FFP).The nitrogen accumulation of RTN3 was the highest at heading stage,at 11.30 t ha^(–1)across 2018 and 2019.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the N agronomic use efficiency(NAE),N physiological efficiency(NPE)and N recovery efficiency(NRE)of RTN3 were 8.1–21.28%,8.51–41.76%and 0.28–14.52%higher than those of the other fertilization modes,respectively.RNR led to decreases in SPAD value,leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen use efficiency.These results suggest that RTN3 increased rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the side deep placement of nitrogen,and RNR1 could achieve the goals of saving cost and increasing resource use efficiency.Two fertilization modes RTN3 and RNR1 both could achieve the dual goals of increasing grain yield and resource use efficiency and thus are worth further application and investigation.

Why are There Indica Type and Japonica Type in Rice?——History of the Studies and a View for Origin of Two Types

On the bases of archaeological discoveries, the earliest domestication of rice has been confirmed in the middle and lower Changjiang River basin, while in the region wild rice populations are found in shallow swamps under a climate with freezing winter cold. These findings lead us to-examine the past ideas about domestication and differentiation of rice. Historically, in 1930s two sub-species, indica and japonica, were proposed on the basis of sterility in F1 hybrids between them. Soon after that, the two types were classified by the associations of a number of genetically independent traits. The characteristic associations of traits have been explained by the hybrid sterility or reproductive barriers which were assumed to comprise a set of duplicate recessive lethal genes and to be an inner genetic mechanism to lead to the varietal differentiations In 1980s, the hybrid sterility between Indica and Japonica types was analyzed, and Indica, Japonica, and wide-compatibility type which gives fertile hybrids when cross to Indica and Japonica types, are proved to contain an allele, S5＇, S5＇ and S5^n, respectively at a locus on chromosome 6. And those gametes having Sj allele are found to be partially aborted in the hybrid genotypes of S5＇/S5＇ while no gamete abortion occurs in S5＇/S5^n and S5＇/S5^n genotypes. Since then, the gene S5^n has been used in hybrid rice breeding to obtain fertile and vigorous hybrids between subspecies, and the long-disputed problem of hybrid sterility has been solved. Also in such studies the characteristic association of traits found in each of vadetal groups is better explained by founder effects. On the other hand, a large number of native cultivars of rice were surveyed with enzyme polymorphism in 1980s and later with molecular markers. As a result, profound genetic diversity is found in cultivated rice as well as in wild rice. These findings seem to lead us to the idea of multiple independent domestications of rice. However, before reaching such a conclusion, at least two factors, i.e., long-distance-dissemination of some genotypes and the possibilities of introgression by local wild rice to primitive cultivars need to be examined. Taking the two factors as well as the historical events into consideration, it is considered here that the perennial japonica cultivars which are close to wild rice in the Changjiang River basin were disseminated to East India through Assam or along the Bengal Bay, where they were transformed under the introgressions of local wild rice and formed a secondary center, from which some genotypes seem to be disseminated to colonies in Southeast Asia under the influence of Hinduism. Later some of the genotypes were introduced into China and constituted so called Indica type. This may be a reasonable picture for the varietal differentiation.

Status and Prospects of Hybrid Rice Breeding in Jiangsu, China

Research on hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province, China began in 1970. Great progress has been made since then, which can be divided into three stages according to the development of hybrid rice breeding and production in Jiangsu Province. The first stage was beginning stage from 1970 to 1980, when progress was mainly made in cytoplasmic male sterile line breeding. The second stage could be described as developing stage, from 1980 to 1995, when indica hybrid rice was rapidly popularized, and japonica hybrid rice became popular later. From 1996, hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province entered the third stage, when both indica and japonica hybrid rice breeding in the three-line system or intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding in the two-line system made a great breakthrough with the successful breeding of the hybrids Feyou 559, 9 You 138 and Liangyoupeijiu. The developing trend of hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province is also discussed.

Agronomic Performance of Cultivars of Upland Rice in the Southern of the Region of Rondonia,Brazil

The upland rice is grown in most Brazilian states. However, in many of them the yield obtained is low. The choice of cultivar more suited to a particular environment can contribute to increased productivity of this crop. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of a hybrid cultivar of upland rice (Ecco) and five conventional cultivars (BRS Monarca, BRS Primavera, AN Cambará, BRS Sertaneja and BRS MG Curinga) in two environments (Vilhena and Cerejeiras). The tests were conducted in the agricultural year 2010/2011. We evaluated the following characteristics: tillering, panicle number per unit area, number of filled grains per panicle sterile, mass of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield (kg·ha-1) and whole grain yield. There was no cultivar x environment interaction for all traits. Greater tillering, higher panicle number per area, higher productivity and yield of whole grains in the municipality of Cerejeiras were observed, while the highest number of sterile grains per panicle was obtained in Vilhena. The hybrid Ecco highlighted in relation to all other cultivars is in relation to tillering, panicle number per area and grain yield. The municipality of Cerejeiras is the most suitable for the cultivation of upland rice.

利用InDel标记鉴定浙优系列杂交稻籼粳属性和预测杂种优势

【目的】准确鉴定水稻材料的籼粳属性及利用遗传距离预测杂种优势,为开展水稻超高产育种和籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用提供基础。【方法】利用19对籼粳稻特异插入/缺失(Ins6rtion/Deletion,InDe1)引物,对12个浙优系列杂交稻及其双亲的籼粳属性进行了InDe1分子标记鉴定,根据被检测水稻样品在多个InDe1位点上的籼型或粳型基因频率,参考卢宝荣的方法,将供试样品分别判定为"籼稻"、"偏籼"、"中间偏籼"、"中间偏粳"、"偏粳"和"粳稻"。采用Nei的方法求算1 3个亲本间(1个不育系和12个恢复系)的InDe1遗传距离,用UPGMA法进行遗传相似性聚类,用SPSS 17.0统计分析软件对InDe1条带赋值进行主成分分析,依据第一和第二主成分的特征向量的平均分量值作平面散点图。统计杂种F_1稻谷产量、每穗总粒数、每穴有效穗、结实率、千粒重及单穗重各产量性状的对照优势,以此分析InDe1遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】(1)参试材料籼粳属性的判别:不育系浙04A被鉴定为"粳稻",8个恢复系被判定为"籼稻"或"偏籼",由其所配组的8个杂交组合被判定在"中间偏籼"到"偏粳"之间,证实了这8个组合为典型的籼粳交组合;另外4份恢复系被判定为"偏粳",所配组的4个杂交组合被判定为"粳稻"。(2)参试材料的聚类分析:当GS为0.350时,35份试验材料被分为"粳稻"和"籼稻"2个主群,GS为0.638时,粳稻主群又被划分为"粳稻/偏粳"和"中间偏粳"2个亚群。其中,粳稻/偏粳亚群包括不育系浙04A、4个粳粳交恢复系及粳粳交杂种F_1、3个粳稻对照种和粳稻秀水09;中间偏粳亚群包括8个籼粳交杂种F_1。籼稻主群则包括8个籼粳交组合的恢复系、3个籼稻对照种和籼杂组合汕优6 3。(3)InDe1遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性:在以粳粳交、籼粳交组合整体作为分析对象时,InDe1遗传距离与稻谷产量、每穗总粒数、单穗重呈极显著正相关,与结实率呈显著负相关;仅以籼粳交组合为研究对象时,InDe1遗传距离仅与单穗重和千粒重呈显著正相关。【结论】供试的12个浙优系列中的8个组合被证实为典型的粳不/籼恢型籼粳交组合,这些组合的双亲间具有较远的遗传距离;InDe1遗传距离在不同类型品种间具有较好的杂种优势预测能力,可用于单穗重的优势预测,即随着InDe1遗传距离的扩大,杂种优势主要体现在单穗重的增加上。

水稻耐冷研究现状与黑龙江省粳稻耐冷生物育种策略

随着全球气候变化,极端天气事件发生概率显著上升。作为我国水稻商品粮重要生产基地,黑龙江省是低温冷害频发地区,黑龙江省粳稻在苗期和生殖生长期(含孕穗期、开花期和成熟期)都容易遭遇低温胁迫。低温胁迫是黑龙江省粳稻生产的重要限制因素,提高黑龙江省粳稻品种耐冷性对保障我国粮食安全生产具有重大战略意义。本文在回顾水稻耐冷鉴定方法和遗传研究同时,通过分析黑龙江省粳稻近20年(2006-2023年)育成品种的耐冷数据发现,随着近年来审定品种数量“井喷”,品种耐冷性呈现整体下降趋势;其次,通过基于参考基因组的比较作图发现,苗期和生殖生长期耐冷性大多受独立的位点或染色体区段控制,遗传重叠(包括一因多效位点和连锁区段)比例在21%左右,其中负调控位点占比20%。对当前黑龙江省粳稻耐冷育种工作而言,针对上述遗传重叠位点/区段和负调控位点开展深入研究,将有利于进一步提高育种工作效率。在此基础上,本文提出了黑龙江省粳稻耐冷生物育种策略以及苗期与生殖生长期耐冷性同步改良的具体建议。

水稻籼粳亚种间杂种低温花粉不育的QTL分析

为探明籼粳杂种低温花粉不育的遗传基础,以籼稻品种3037和粳型广亲和品种02428的F2分离群体进行了低温花粉不育的遗传分析。推迟播种后,F2群体各单株孕穗期的日平均温度为21～23℃,调查了F2群体各单株的花粉育性。利用108对SSR引物构建了包含157个F2单株,覆盖12条染色体的分子标记连锁图谱。该连锁图的总长度为1857.8cM,标记间平均距离为16.26cM,标记较均匀地分布在12条染色体上。采用区间作图法对F2群体花粉不育进行QTL分析,共检测到2个低温花粉不育QTLs,即qLTSPS2和qLTSPS5,分别位于第2、5染色体,其加性效应分别为0.021、0.045,显性效应分别为-0.246、-0.251,显性度分别为11.7和4.8,具有超显性效应,超显性是QTL作用的主要方式,这2个位点杂合基因型在低温环境下具有降低花粉育性的作用,分别解释表型变异的15.6%、11.9%。另外,两因素的方差分析表明这两个QTL之间不存在互作。

利用RFLP标记水稻亲本遗传差异及其在杂种优势中的利用

本研究以 17个杂交水稻亲本、3个新株型株系和 2 4个光壳稻、爪哇稻品种为DNA样品来源 ,通过RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性 ,RestrictionFragmentLengthPolymorphism ,简称RFLP)标记技术 ,研究光壳稻和爪哇稻及其与温带粳稻之间的关系 ,探索RFLP标记水稻亲本遗传差异在杂交稻育种中利用的可能性。研究结果表明 :42个探针共产生 6 9个不同的限制性片段 ,其中 2 0个 (占 47.6 % )探针显示 47个 (占 6 8.1% )多态性片段 ,至少在 2个基因型间存在差异。每个具有多态性片段分别以 1和0记录存在与否。由RFLP数据计算的Nei’s遗传距离 ,创建聚类树状图。聚类分析结果表明 ,籼稻和粳稻容易被分开 ,温带粳稻又容易与光壳稻、爪哇稻分开 ,但光壳稻和爪哇稻混合聚在一起 ,光壳稻与温带粳稻之间的遗传距离要比爪哇稻与温带粳稻之间的遗传距离大。根据聚类图发现温带粳稻亚群内杂种优势较弱 ,亚群间即生态群间的杂种优势较强 ,群间即籼、粳亚种间杂种优势更强。利用光壳稻、爪哇稻选育不同生态群方向的恢复系和不育系 。

Comparison among Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield in Nanjing 9108 and Its Parents during the Late Development Stage

A good quality, high yield, slow mature and middle season Japonica rice variety, Nanjing 9108 and its parents Guandong 194 and Wuxiangjing 14,were taken as the materials for the study. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the rice plants at the post-flowering stage were compared and the rice yield components were examined at harvest. The results showed that as compared with Wuxiangjing 14, the per plant yield of Nanjing 9108 was 7.70% higher, and much higher than that of Guandong194. The large total grain per plant and heavy grain weigh of Nanjing 9108 were the important structure basis for its yield. Further analysis o the growth indicators showed that Nanjing 9108 had a large leaf area of upper three green leaves area and a smaller leaf base angle in the third leaf from the bottom blades, which helped get a higher photosynthetic capacity in groups. On the14 thday after flowering, Nanjing 9108 had similar value of net photosynthetic rate（Pn） to that of Wuxianjing 14, but lower than that of Guandong 194. Viewing from the parameters obtained from light response of photosynthesis on the modified model of rectangular hyperbola, Pn of Nanjing 9108 was more aptated to be saturated by light intensity and sensitive to photoinhibition. On the whole, Nanjing 9108 with high yield mainly resulted from its good plant type, grain structure and higher photosynthetic capacity in groups. Further improving its photosynthetic capacity o single leaf in Nanjing 9108 would be an important way for its super high yield po tential in the future.

基于InDel分子标记的籼粳杂交稻与粳粳杂交稻的杂种优势比较研究

【目的】随着籼粳杂交稻育种技术的发展与完善,直接利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势培育高产的水稻品种已成为可能。利用InDel分子标记及其成熟的技术,准确地分析品种的籼粳基因型频率、籼粳属性、品种类型与竞争优势水平,对籼粳杂交稻的育种与品种类别的甄别具有重要意义。【方法】征集浙江省多家育种单位培育的24个籼粳杂交组合和粳粳杂交组合,选用18对InDel分子标记引物,检测水稻样品在InDel位点上的粳型基因频率,判别参试品种的籼粳属性。采用Nei的方法求算参试品种的InDel遗传距离,用UPGMA法进行遗传相似性聚类,用SPSS 17.0统计分析软件对InDel条带赋值进行主成分分析,依据第一和第二主成分特征向量的平均分量值作平面散点图。调查或考察全生育期、株高、每穗总粒数、千粒重等10项主要农艺性状,测定小区籽粒产量及产量的竞争优势。测定InDel遗传距离与籼粳杂交组合和粳粳杂交组合竞争优势的相关性。【结果】18对InDel引物可扩增获得每个材料的籼稻特异带、粳稻特异带和籼粳杂合带型,经计算粳型基因频率,所有参试材料准确地判别出籼粳属性,并归为6类,其中12个为籼粳杂交组合,另外13个为粳粳杂交组合。经InDel标记的聚类分析,验证了上述判别的正确性。PCA分析把所有品种归入3个不重叠的区域,即籼稻区、典型粳稻与粳稻区、偏粳型与中间型区。籼粳杂交稻品种的2年小区籽粒产量分别比粳粳杂交稻品种增产12.47%和14.89%,表现十分明显的产量竞争优势。对比2类组合的10项农艺性状,籼粳杂交稻组的每穗总粒数2年分别比粳粳杂交稻品种增加32.0%和37.1%,每穗实粒数2年分别增加26.8%与34.4%,说明大穗是籼粳杂交稻增产的主要贡献因子。分析参试组合与嘉优2号的遗传距离(GD)及其各性状的竞争优势的相关性,结果粳粳杂交稻组合未发现有相关性,籼粳杂交稻表现为穗长和千粒重极显著呈正相关,着粒密度呈现为显著负相关。【结论】InDel分子标记技术可以有效地测定各种类型品种的粳型基因频率,并判别参试品种的籼粳属性,甄别品种的类型。籼粳杂交稻籽粒产量的竞争优势十分明显,其主要贡献因子是较大的每穗粒数。

Transfer of bacterial blight resistance from Oryza meyeriana to O. sativa L. by asymmetric somatic hybridization

Asymmetric somatic hybrid plants were pro-duced between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wild spe-cies [O. meyeriana (Zoll. etMor. exSteud.)] with high resis-tance to rice bacterial blight. X-ray-irradiated protoplasts of the wild species were used as donor and chemically fused with iodoacetamide-inactivated protoplasts of rice cv. 02428 to produce hybrids. Seventy-two plants were regenerated from 623 calli based on metabolic complementation. The morphological characters of the plants closely resembled that of the rice. Simple sequence repeats were employed to iden-tify their hybridity. Cytological analysis of root-tips revealed that their chromosome number varied in the range of 27— 38. The somatic hybrids were inoculated with strains of Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae at adult growth stage and demonstrated the resistance to bacterial blight introgression from the O. meyeriana.