Innovation and development of the third-generation hybrid rice technology

The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.

The 8×10 GHz Receiver Optical Subassembly Based on Silica Hybrid Integration Technology for Data Center Interconnection

An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.

Hybrid Laser Technology for Creation of Doped Biomedical Layers

Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.

Literature Analysis on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in China during 2002-2016

In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.

Analysis of Chinese women with primary ovarian insufficiency by high resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization

Background Primary ovarian insufficiency （POI） is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche （primary amenorrhea） or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years. The etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency in human female patients is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential genetic causes in primary amenorrhea patients by high resolution array based comparative genomic hybridization （array-CGH） analysis. Methods Following the standard karyotyping analysis, genomic DNA from whole blood of 15 primary amenorrhea patients and 15 normal control women was hybridized with Affymetrix cytogenetic 2.7M arrays following the standard protocol. Copy number variations identified by array-CGH were confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction.

A Novel Cooperative Multi-Stage Hyper-Heuristic for Combination Optimization Problems

A hyper-heuristic algorithm is a general solution framework that adaptively selects the optimizer to address complex problems.A classical hyper-heuristic framework consists of two levels,including the high-level heuristic and a set of low-level heuristics.The low-level heuristics to be used in the optimization process are chosen by the high-level tactics in the hyper-heuristic.In this study,a Cooperative Multi-Stage Hyper-Heuristic(CMS-HH)algorithm is proposed to address certain combinatorial optimization problems.In the CMS-HH,a genetic algorithm is introduced to perturb the initial solution to increase the diversity of the solution.In the search phase,an online learning mechanism based on the multi-armed bandits and relay hybridization technology are proposed to improve the quality of the solution.In addition,a multi-point search is introduced to cooperatively search with a single-point search when the state of the solution does not change in continuous time.The performance of the CMS-HH algorithm is assessed in six specific combinatorial optimization problems,including Boolean satisfiability problems,one-dimensional packing problems,permutation flow-shop scheduling problems,personnel scheduling problems,traveling salesman problems,and vehicle routing problems.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and significance of the proposed CMS-HH algorithm.