Yield and Quality of Forage Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>L.) Cultivars as Affected by Seed Inoculation with Nitrogenous Strains

Nitrogen availability can be enhanced with the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and it may be helpful in increasing forage yield and improving quality of oat. Therefore, a field trial to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria on forage yield and quality of oat was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements using three replications. The experiment was comprised of two integrated approaches. The first approach was oat cultivars consisting of four treatments, V1 (AVON), V2 (S-2000), V3 (S-2011) and V4 (PD2LV65) and the second approach was seed inoculation consisting of three treatments, S0 (control), S1 (Azotobacter spp.), S2 (Azospirillum spp.). Fisher’s analysis of variance technique was used for statistically interpretation of data by using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. Nitrogen fixing bacteria significantly affect the germination count (m2), plant height (cm), number of tillers (m2), number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller (cm2), green forage yield (t·ha-1) and dry matter yield (t ha-1). The maximum green forage yield (85.2 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (14.1 t ·ha-1) and crude protein (11.5%) were recorded where Azotobacter inoculation was applied. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogenous strains was significant for green forage yield (t·ha-1), dry matter yield (t·ha-1) and crude protein (%). Conclusion showed that cultivar Sargodha-2011 which was inoculated with Azotobacter spp. gave higher forage yield of good quality.

Effect of Nutrient Management and Planting Geometry on Productivity of Hybrid Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 2006 and 2007 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, a part of eastern plateau region of India. The study was designed to investigate the effect of planting geometry and nutrient management practices on productivity of two hybrid rice cultivars. Split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out the experiment by allocating combinations of treatments of planting geometry and rice cultivar in main-plots and nutrient management treatments in sub-plots. “CNRH-3” rice proved its efficiency in terms of grain yield that was also reflected in yield attributing characters such as number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, length of panicle, panicle weight, test weight and harvest index. Higher rice grain yield was registered when the cultivars grown in 20 cm × 20 cm planting geometry. Rice cultivars grown with the application of inorganic fertilizers alone produced maximum grain yield and also recorded higher values of ancillary characters. The maximum amount of N, P and K was taken up by the “CNRH-3” rice, whereas maximum residual soil fertility was recorded in “Pro Agro 6201” rice. Maximum N, P and K uptake values were recorded in 20 cm × 20 cm crop geometry and inorganic fertilizers treatment.

Optimization of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of two polar coccoid green algae species

Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed.This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） by using two polar isolated microalgae.The modified conditions were as follows：（1） 10 mg·mL^（-1） lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37℃for 30 min;（2） the hybridization buffer including 20%formamide;（3） the hybridization condition was 47℃for 6 h.The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow cytometry（FCM） and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency.The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples,which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp.The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples.

Identification and Analysis on True or False Hybrids from Hybridization Populations of Litchi( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Using EST-SSR Markers

In order to better distinguish true hybrids in litchi crossbreeding,F1generations of two litchi hybridized combinations namely that‘Xuehuaizi’בGuiwei’and‘Xuehuaizi’בJiaohesanyuehong’were used as materials to identify true hybrids,to construct mapping populations and to study the genetic diversities of the two populations with EST-SSR markers.The results showed that F1generations of the two hybrid populations could be identified with an identification rate of100%by the combination of four pair primers,respectively,and the 159 individual plants of the two populations were true hybrids.In addition,variations were exited in leaf morphology of the progenies of the two populations and bands of parents absented were occurred on genotype.The clustering analysis showed that 113 F1plants from the hybridized combination of‘Xuehuaizi’בGuiwei’were clustered into six categories（similarity coefficient was 0.68）,and 63.72%（72 plants）of which clustered into one group with male parent.The genetic distances between 32 plants（28.3%）and their parents were far which indicated that larger variation or recombinant appeared in these plants.Forty six hybrid progenies of the combination of‘Xuehuaizi’בJiaohesanyuehong’were divided into two categories when the similarity coefficient was 0.642 and most individual plants（60.87%）showed closer genetic relationship with female parent and partial maternal genetic tendency.It is concluded that EST-SSR markers are suitable to identify true hybrids of litchi.The construction of the two F1mapping populations has established basis for further genetic linkage mapping,meanwhile,has accumulated materials for cultivar improvement of litchi.

Energy Absorption of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites under High Strain-Rate Induced Transverse Tension

This paper focuses on the dynamic tensile response of glass-graphite/epoxy composites illustrating improvement in energy absorption through hybridization. The dynamic response and energy absorption characteristics of pultruded hybrid combinations of glass and graphite fibers in an epoxy matrix subjected to induced transverse tension at high strain-rate in a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, are presented. Transverse tensile strength was determined by diametral compression of disc samples (Brazilian indirect tensile test method). Diametral crack initiation and strain to failure were monitored with a Shimadzu HPV-2 high-speed video camera at a recording speed of 500,000 fps and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Adequate measures were taken to ensure that initiation of specimen failure occurred at the exact center of the disc specimen, and propagated through the diameter along the compressive loading axis, for the induced transverse tension tests to be valid. A study of the strength and specific energy absorption demonstrates the benefits of hybridization. Under induced transverse tensile loading condition, the pure glass/epoxy (GL60) exhibited higher strength than pure graphite/epoxy (GR60). Pure graphite/epoxy (GR60) has higher specific energy absorption capacity than pure glass/epoxy (GL60) in transverse tension. Among all hybrids, GR30 has the highest specific energy absorption under transverse tension. Overall, hybrid GL48, with 48% low-cost glass fibers in the inner core and 12% high-cost graphite fibers in outer shell, was found to exhibit better performance under induced transverse tension at high strain-rates, showing the benefits of hybridization.

软枣猕猴桃新品系“蜜玉”的选育

“蜜玉”是从软枣猕猴桃混合实生后代中筛选出的优良资源,经无性繁殖选育出的软枣猕猴桃新品系。“蜜玉”果实椭圆形,果皮绿色,光滑无毛,平均单果质量12.1 g。果肉绿色,可溶性固形物22.5%,总糖13.4%,总酸1.06%,维生素C 1050.0 mg/kg。口感较甜,香气浓郁,抗寒、抗病能力较强。在吉林左家地区,6月中旬开花,9月初成熟。果实在常温条件下第7天开始软熟,低温(2~4℃)条件下第24天开始软熟。

远缘杂交仁用杏新品种京仁5号的选育

京仁5号通过仁用杏品种龙王帽与扁桃品种意大利2号远缘杂交育成。果实卵圆形,果顶圆凸,在北京地区7月中下旬成熟;成熟时果皮底色黄色,阳面着片状红色,平均单果质量30.5 g;果核卵圆形,壳面较平滑,平均单核质量2.54 g,纵横侧径分别为3.28 cm、2.12 cm、1.23 cm;核仁饱满,离核,甜仁,平均单仁鲜质量1.05 g、干质量0.90 g,出仁率37.02%;杏仁脂肪含量(w,后同)435.63 g·kg^(-1),蛋白质含量269.84 g·kg^(-1),钙含量1.26 g·kg^(-1),铁含量24.08 mg·kg^(-1)。丰产稳产,适应性强,综合性状优良。

线椒新品种优美墨丽的选育

优美墨丽是以自交系15DP091做母本、自交系15DP089为父本杂交选育而成的深绿皮线椒杂交1代新品种。该品种植株生长健壮,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,叶片深绿厚实,果实线形,青熟果深绿色,熟果红色鲜亮且不变软。顺直,肉质肥厚,辣味浓厚,坐果集中,坐果能力强。在河南早春保护地、秋延保护地种植,全生育期168 d,属中早熟线椒品种。始花节位9~10节。株高65 cm左右,株幅65~70 cm。果实长26~30 cm,果实宽1.5~2.0 cm,果肉厚度0.20 cm,心室数平均2.5个。辣椒素含量(w,后同)32.8 mg·kg^(-1),维生素C含量958 mg·kg^(-1),平均单果质量20 g,平均667 m^(2)产量2686.7 kg。抗疫病、炭疽病、中抗病毒病,耐低温耐弱光。适合河南各地早春、秋延保护地及福建、江苏、四川、云南、山东、海南早春、秋延保护地和露地种植。2018年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

苦瓜新品种赣苦瓜1937的选育

赣苦瓜1937是以早熟自交系BK0702-5为母本、晚熟自交系LK1402-6为父本杂交选育而成的中晚熟苦瓜新品种。该品种植株长势强,第1雌花节位16~24节,果实棒形、绿色,粒、条瘤相间,有光泽。瓜纵径30.0 cm左右、横径7.2 cm左右,果肉厚度1.2 cm,单瓜质量480 g左右,一般栽培667 m^(2)产量3000 kg左右。肉质爽脆、清香微苦,抗枯萎病,适合江西省及生态条件相似的地区栽培。2022年6月通过江西省农学会品种认定。

春大白菜新品种晋春4号的选育

晋春4号是以自交不亲和系C8为母本、14Y-F为父本配制的杂交1代春大白菜新品种。该品种耐抽薹性强,为春秋兼用型大白菜,属中熟类型。秋季露地直播,生育期75 d左右;春季育苗栽培,定植后65 d可采收。植株高度38.8 cm,开展度45.6 cm,外叶绿色,有茸毛,叶球中桩合抱,绿色,内叶浅黄色。叶球高度35.1 cm,叶球宽度15.2 cm,球形指数2.3,叶球质量2.3 kg,667 m2产量6189.8 kg。适宜在山西省运城市、晋中市、朔州市以及生态环境相似的大白菜产区春季和秋季栽培。2022年9月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

薄皮甜瓜雪花脆宝的选育

雪花脆宝是以花92为母本、金花90为父本选育的杂交一代薄皮甜瓜新品种。雪花脆宝属于中早熟品种,果实成熟期31~35 d。坐果性强,单果质量0.8~1.5 kg。果实长棒形,果皮绿色覆白色条斑,果肉绿色,果肉厚2.5~2.9 cm,中心可溶性固形物含量13.0%~14.1%。中抗白粉病和霜霉病,吊蔓栽培667 m2平均产量3260 kg左右。适合我国华北地区保护地栽培。2019年10月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

西瓜新品种黄秀才的选育

黄秀才是新乡市农业科学院于2014年以自育亲本H14-30-2为母本,13-105为父本组配而成的特色小果型早熟西瓜新品种,全生育期85 d左右,果实发育期30 d左右。植株分枝力强,易坐果,果实正圆形,果皮浅绿色,覆深绿色锯齿形条带,瓜瓤橙黄色,口感酥脆,平均单果质量1.5~2.5 kg,中心可溶性固形物含量12.8%,边部可溶性固形物含量10.6%,果皮硬度中等。667 m^(2)产量2300 kg左右,田间综合抗性好。该品种适于黄淮海区春季露地栽培和保护地栽培。2018年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

食赏兼用型辣椒新品种黔辣14号的选育

黔辣14号是以胞质雄性不育系1997A为母本、恢复系6-15-3C为父本组配而成的三系杂交种。该品种始花节位24 cm,中熟,生育期180 d,果实簇生朝天,锥形,果长5.3 cm,果肩宽1.6 cm,单株结果数115个,平均单果质量5.4 g,667 m^(2)产量超过1200 kg,青熟果浅黄色,老熟果鲜红色,果色变化多样,观赏性强,可作为景观植物用于大田栽培或盆栽,适合贵州地区春季种植。

茄子新品种绿优优400的选育

绿优优400是以自交系L11-2014为母本、自交系L8-2014为父本杂交选育而成的早熟绿茄杂交1代新品种。该品种早熟不早衰,连续坐果能力强,抗逆性强;7片叶左右着生门茄。果皮亮绿不发白,果面光滑饱满,果实长卵圆形,横径11.3 cm、纵径21.4 cm,果肉浅绿色,肉质软糯,单果质量500 g左右。早春保护地种植,667 m^(2)产量可达10000 kg。田间抗青枯病、根腐病、黄萎病等土传病害,适宜江苏、河南等绿茄主产区保护地早春茬和露地种植。2023年9月获得国家植物新品种权证书。

番茄新品种天潍204的选育

天潍204是以KMT6013为母本、TSV6213为父本杂交选育而成的粉果番茄新品种。该品种中早熟,属无限生长型,生长势强,节间适中,叶色浓绿。果实扁圆形,无绿色果肩,果实横切面圆形,平均单果质量200 g,果肉厚度0.9 cm,心室数3~4个,果实硬度较高,口感酸甜,适应性强。一般667 m^(2)产量3635.5 kg,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.20%,番茄红素含量123.4 mg·kg^(-1),维生素C含量为35.01 mg·100 g^(-1),抗黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)、烟草花叶病毒病(TMV)、叶霉病、枯萎病,适合于山东、河南各地春、秋、冬保护地栽培。2022年6月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

薄皮甜瓜新品种菊城622的选育

菊城622是以自育多代自交系纯合材料KT128为母本、KT150为父本杂交选育而成的薄皮甜瓜新品种。该品种在河南省春季塑料大棚栽培全生育期90 d,果实发育期28 d。植株长势强,直立性好,节间短,连续坐果能力强,每株可留瓜3~5个。果实棒状,果皮灰白色,果肉绿色,口感酥脆爽口,清香味,果实整齐一致。平均单瓜质量0.5 kg,平均果肉厚度2.1 cm,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.7%,边部12.3%,667 m^(2)产量约3200 kg。适合在黄淮生态区河南省及周边地区栽培。该品种于2022年6月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

早春保护地专用薄皮甜瓜新品种垦甜3号的选育

垦甜3号是以ZT-16-18为母本、DB-14-31为父本杂交选育而成的薄皮甜瓜新品种。该品种在黑龙江省保护地栽培全生育期77 d左右,果实发育期29 d。植株生长势强,株型中等。雌花双性花,第1雌花位于第1节,雌花出现间隔节位1节;以子蔓坐果为主,易坐果,果实椭圆形,果皮底色白色附黄绿色晕,果面无裂纹,单果质量0.392 kg;果肉白色,果肉厚度1.7 cm;种腔中等大,果实香味浓,商品率91%;维生素C含量(w,后同)16.1 mg·100 g^(-1),中心可溶性固形物含量12.3%,质地甜脆;抗病性较强,适合在黑龙江省春季保护地种植。2022年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

高产三萜灵芝新菌株‘沪农灵芝5号’的选育

为选育高产三萜灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)新品种,以抗杂菌能力强、生物学效率高的‘沪农灵芝1号’(H 1)和三萜含量高、抗杂菌能力弱的‘灵芝G 8’(G 8)为亲本,将原生质体单核菌株进行杂交,从130个杂交组合中筛选出菌丝长势较好的25个杂交菌株,并对其进行栽培试验,考察菌包成品率、生物学效率等农艺性状及子实体三萜含量,从中筛选出杂交菌株Z18。与亲本G8相比,Z18菌包成品率提高66.67%、生物学效率提高22.54%;与亲本H1相比,Z18子实体中三萜含量提高51.26%。ERIC-PCR分析结果显示,Z18与亲本存在遗传差异。Z18达到新品种审定标准,已通过上海市非主要农作物品种认定,定名为‘沪农灵芝5号’。

黄瓜新品种唐秋杂8号的选育

唐秋杂8号是以自交系C17167为母本、以采用质子束(H+)处理、定向选择获得的稳定自交系L201为父本配制而成的黄瓜杂交1代品种。该品种在唐山地区春秋大棚和露地种植时,全生育期100 d左右,第1雌花节位在主蔓3~5节,以后每节着生雌花,单株可结瓜15~20个,主、侧蔓均可结瓜。瓜条棒状,瓜长18.0~20.0 cm,横径3.0~3.5 cm,瓜肉厚度1.0 cm以上,单瓜质量180 g左右,667 m^(2)产量5139.4~7021.9 kg。白刺、刺瘤小而稀疏,皮色翠绿,肉脆清香,抗霜霉病。适宜在河北省黄瓜产区春秋设施及露地种植。2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

番茄新品种龙番2号的选育

龙番2号是以自交系TMX255-1为母本、TMX2535-4为父本杂交选育而成的杂交1代番茄新品种。该品种中晚熟,属无限生长型,长势强,首花节位8~9节,单式花序,叶片下垂,果实纵径6.7 cm、横径8.2 cm,果形指数0.82,大红果,单果质量200 g左右,果实硬度中等,幼果无青肩。晋中地区春提早塑料大棚栽培全生育期150 d左右,果实发育期40 d左右,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)6.1%,番茄红素含量41.0 mg·kg^(-1),维生素C含量20.1 mg·100 g^(-1),平均667 m^(2)产量8800 kg左右。适宜在山西省忻州市、吕梁市、晋中市、朔州市、长治市等地区春提早、秋延后塑料大棚种植。2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物新品种登记。