Effect of inorganic salt impurities on seeded precipitation of silica hydrate from sodium silicate solution

To clarify the precipitation of silica hydrate from the real desilication solutions of aluminosilicate solid wastes by adding seeds and improve integrated waste utilization,the seeded precipitation was studied using synthesized sodium silicate solution containing different inorganic salt impurities.The results show that sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,sodium carbonate,or calcium chloride can change the siloxy group structure.The number of high-polymeric siloxy groups decreases with increasing sodium chloride or sodium sulfate concentration,which is detrimental to seeded precipitation.Calcium chloride favors the polymerization of silicate ions,and even the chain groups precipitate with the precipitation of high-polymeric sheet and cage-like siloxy groups.The introduced sodium cations in sodium carbonate render a more open network structure of high-polymeric siloxy groups,although the carbonate ions favor the polymerization of siloxy groups.No matter how the four impurities affect the siloxy group structure,the precipitates are always amorphous opal-A silica hydrate.

Effect of Some Admixtures on the Hydration of Silica Fume and Hydrated Lime

The effects of sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonic acid and stearic acid on the hydration of silica fume and Ca(OH)2 have been investigated. The hydration was carried out at 60℃ and W/S ratio of 4 for various time intervals namely, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days and in the presence of 0, 2% and 5% superplasticizer and stearic acid. The results of the hydration kinetics show that both admixtures accelerate the hydration reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide during the first 7 days. Whereas, after 28 days hydration there is no significant effect. Generally, most of free calcium hydroxide seems to be consumed after 28 days. In addition, the phase composition as well as the microstructure of the formed hydrates was examined by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively.

Hydration Mechanism of Silica Fume- sulphoaluminate Cement

Setting time and strength of sulphoaluminate rapid hardening cement （SAC） incorporated in the presence and absence of silica fume （SF） were determined. Combined with the techniques of＂ isothermal calorimeter, XRD and FSEM, the hydration kinetics of the two systems and the effect mechanism of SF on SAC were investigated. The experimental results showed that SF was proved to be beneficial for SAC system, in terms of setting time and late strength gain. Evidence of accelerator effect of silica fume was found during the first 8 hours of hydration. The formation of AFt was accelerated and the microstructure of the hydration products grew denser with incorporation of SF. SF was proved to play the role of dispersion and setting control at early age and had a greater contribution to later strength due to the increment of crystal nucleation point and the pozzolanic activity. Therefore, SF can be used to not only control the hydration kinetics of SAC, but also develop the late strength and improve the microstructure.

Sulfate Attack Resistance of Air-entrained Silica Fume Concrete under Dry-Wet Cycle Condition

Based on the erosion resistant coefficient,the effects of water-cement ratio,air-entrained,silica fume content and sand ratio on the sulfate attack resistance of air-entrained silica fume concrete were studied by orthogonal experiments in order to explore its sulfate attack resistance under dry-wet condition.A more significant model of concrete resistance to sulfate attack was also established,thus this work provided a strategy reference for quantitative design of sulfate attack resistant concrete.The experimental results show that dry-wet cycle deteriorates the concrete resistance to the sulfate attack,and leads to the remarkable declines of concrete strength and sulfate resistance.Air bubbles in the air-entrained silica fume concrete lower and delay the damage resulted from the crystallization sulfate salt.However this delay gradually disappears when most of the close bubbles are breached by the alternative running of the sulfate salt crystallization and the permeating pressure,and then the air bubbles are filled with sulfate salt crystallization.The concrete is provided with the strongest sulfate resistance when it is prepared with the 0.47 water-binder ratio,6.0% air-entrained,5% silica fume and 30% sand ratio.The erosion resistant coefficients K80 and K150 of this concrete are increased by 9%,7%,9%,and 5% respectively as compared with those of concretes without silica fume and air entraining.

Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.

Hydration Mechanism of Cement-based Materials with Different Si-rich Mineral Admixtures

Early hydration mechanism of cement-based materials with silica fume, nano-SiO2 and silica sol of different contents was investigated, and the detailed effect of these Si-rich mineral admixtures in three stages of early hydration（NG, I, D） using kinetics model was focused. The results showed that silica fume, nano-SiO2, and silica sol have significant effect on kinetic parameters n, k1, k2 and k3, the fineness and existing form of SiO2 particles in these Si-rich mineral admixtures are two important factors to affect the hydration process and on the parameters. Through integrated use of methods of hydration heat-Krstulovic-Dabic Modelsynthetical thermal analysis, data of hydration heat were collected, hydration degree was characterized, as well as the resulting crystallization behavior of early hydration, to build a numerical relationship between parameter n and CH contents that n decreases with increasing CH, and thus, a direct connection between hydration heat release behavior and crystallization behavior has been established.