Development and Validation of a Laboratory Aging Method for the Accelerated Simulation of Reclaimed Asphalt

The paper presented first results elaborated during the European Research Project Re-road which aims at the development of techniques for increasing the recycling rates of reclaimed asphalt. During service life surface asphalt courses are subjected to aging due to oxidation effects which causes the hardening of the binder and thereby a change in the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the material. Surface courses often contain highly modified binders as well as special additives for improving the performance characteristics. As these layers inhibit the shortest service lives compared to other road construction layers every year high amounts of reclaimed surface asphalt are available for recycling. The question is raised how the reclaimed asphalt consisting of high quality and costly material components can be recycled for optimal added value. To analyze the asphalt mix service life performance and its recyclability during mix design a laboratory method was developed to simulate the real in-situ aging. First the effects of site aging on the binder and asphalt characteristics were presented. Three laboratory aging methods were discussed which aimed the accelerated aging which meets similar property changes as site aging. At last the effects of two different laboratory aging methods on the same SMA mixture were compared.

Thermal fatigue behaviors of SiC power module by Ag sinter joining under harsh thermal shock test

The excellent properties of SiC bring new challenges for the device packaging.In this study,the bonding strength,fracture behaviors and microstructural evolution of micron-porous Ag joint were elevated during thermal cycling(–50 ℃–250 ℃) in SiC/DBC(direct bonding copper) die attachment structure for different time.During harsh thermal shock test,the strength of sintered joint deceased gradually with the increase of cycling number,and the value just was half of the value of as-sintered after 1 000 cycles.Coarsening of Ag grains was observed in micron-porous joint with the structure inhomogeneity and defects increasing,which were the reasons of the strength decease.In addition,it was also found that the fracture behavior of sintered joints was changed from ductile deformation of Ag grain to brittle fracture of crack propagation after 1 000 cycles.This study will add the understanding in the mechanical properties of Ag sinter joining and its applications at high temperature.

An evaluation of OSOM BV blue test in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in patients with vaginal discharge and evaluate the efficacy of OSOM BV blue test in diagnosis.Methods:OSOM BV blue test,a rapid diagnostic test based on the principle of detection of bacterial sialidase activity in vaginal fluid specimens was conducted.A total of 405 patients in the reproductive age group(15- 45 years) having vaginal discharge were included in the study along with 10 healthy age-matched controls.Two high vaginal swabs were collected aseptically from each patient.One swab was used to make smear for gram staining,and the other was for OSOM BV blue test.Amine test and vaginal pH test were taken as well.Results:The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 60.7%. OSOM BV blue test showed good efficacy,as compared with gram staining in diagnosing BV.The sensitivity and specificity of OSOM BV blue test were 97.6%and 97.5%respectively.Amsel’s criteria diagnosed 180(44.4%) cases of BV and had sensitivity and specificity of 67.1%and 90.6%respectively.Thus the performance of OSOM BV blue was better than the methods based on Amsel’s criteria.Conclusions:OSOM BV blue test is an efficacious bed side test,helpful in rapidly making an accurate diagnosis of BV in setups lacking laboratory facilities or expert microbiologists.

Outdoor Aging Performance of HDPE Geogrid

An outdoor aging test base for geosynthetics was established in Wuhan,central China to investigate the long-term aging performance of geosynthetics. Outdoor photo-oxygen aging tests for high density polyethylene(HDPE) geogrid have been carried out in the base. Test results show that in the initial nine months,the tensile strength of geogrid remains unchanged or even gets larger,while the corresponding strain at break decreases slightly,exhibiting hard and brittle trend due to secondary compensatory responses to the ultraviolet(UV) aging: UV provides the required chemical crosslinking energy,resulting in the polymer crosslinking reaction. Tensile strength of the geogrid increases by about 5% in the initial nine months,but decreases after the initial nine months. The long-term research results at the test base could provide first-hand data for researching the aging properties of HDPE geogrid.

Values of high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in managements of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

AIM:To investigate pulmonary involvement via pulmonary function tests (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.METHODS:Thirty-four patients with chronic HCV infection without diagnosis of any pulmonary diseases and 10 healthy cases were enrolled in the study. PFT and HRCT were performed in all cases.RESULTS:A decrease lower than 80% of the predicted value was detected in vital capacity in 9/34 patients, in forced expiratory volume in one second in 8/34 palJents, and in forced expiratory flow 25-75 in 15/34 patients, respectively. Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) was decreased in 26/34 patients. Findings of interstitial pulmonary involvement were detected in bhe HRCT of 16/34 patients. Significant difference was found between controls and patients with HCV infection in findings of HRCT (X^2=4.7, P=0.003). Knodell histological activity index (KHAI) of 28/34 patients in whom liver biopsy was applied was 9.0±4.7. HRCT findings, PFT values and DLCO were not affected by KHAI in patients with HCV infection. In these patients, all the parameters were related with age.CONCLUSION: We suggest that chronic hepatitis C virus infection may cause pulmonary interstitial involvement without evident respiratory symptoms.

Ex situ aging effect on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane:Hydration-dehydration cycling and hydrothermal treatment

Prolonged hydrothermal treatment for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes induces mechanical degradation and developing hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase separation, simultaneously. The enhanced phase separation provides incremental proton conductivity to the membranes, whereas mechanical degradation drastically reduces device stability. On this basis, we describe here the effects of two different ex situ aging processes on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes: hydrationdehydration cycling and prolonged hydrothermal treatment. Both aged membranes exhibited enhanced phase separation under the hydrated conditions, as characterized by small angle X-ray scattering.However, when the aged membranes were dried again, the nanostructure of the membranes aged via the hydration-dehydration cycling was recoverable, whereas that of the membranes aged via prolonged hydrothermal treatment was irreversible. Furthermore, the two differently aged membranes showed clear differences in thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. Finally, we implemented both aged membranes in fuel cell application. The sample aged via hydration-dehydration cycling maintained its improved cell performance, whereas the sample aged via hydrothermal treatment showed drastically reduced cell performance after durability test for 50 h.

TESTING THE VALIDITY OF Ar/Ar SINGLE-CRYSTAL WHITE MICA AGES FOR EROSION, EXHUMATION AND PROVENANCE STUDIES:RECENT SEDIMENTS FROM THE GANGA RIVER, NORTH INDIA

Detrital white mica single\|crystal Ar\|Ar ages from the Himalayan foreland sedimentary record are potentially a powerful tool in constraining source regions, tectonic evolution, and the timing and extent of exhumation (Copeland 1990, Najman 1997, White 1999). However such studies require large numbers of analyses, and Ar/Ar total\|fusion of white mica grains is a very rapid and cost\|effective technique.Such analyses, however, do result in the sacrifice of internal consistency checks inherent in, for example, Ar/Ar step\|heating analysis.

Age norms for grating acuity and contrast sensitivity measured by Lea tests in the first three years of life

AIM： To determine age norms in the first three years of life for grating visual acuity and contrast sensitivity obtained with Lea grating test and Hiding Heidi low contrast face test. METHODS： Lea grating test was used to estimate binocular grating acuity and Hiding Heidi low contrast face test was used to estimate contrast sensitivity in 600 healthy infants and children. Age ranged from 3 to 36 mo subdivided into 12 groups subjected for full ophthalmologic and pediatric examinations.RESULTS： The grating acuity developed along the first three years of life. It ranged from 1.88±0.32 c/d at 3mo to 30.95±0.77 c/d at 36 mo. The most rapid development was during the first 12 mo and the slowest development was from 30 to 36 mo. The contrast sensitivity showed rapid development in the first two years of life. Its mean value ranged from 4.23±1.17 at 3mo to 78.26±8.21 at 24 mo. It was constant at the highest score（80） thereafter.CONCLUSION： Age norms for grating acuity along with contrast sensitivity offer a more comprehensive measure of spatial vision and should be incorporated in clinical practice for better visual assessment in preverbal and nonverbal children.

不同老化方式下新旧沥青的扩散融合

分别制备了热氧老化沥青和热氧-紫外老化沥青,构建了新、旧沥青双层扩散模型,并且通过相对浓度与扩散系数的模拟计算、拉拔试验与荧光显微镜试验研究了新、旧沥青扩散融合程度与温度、沥青四组分的关系.结果表明:热氧-紫外老化沥青更不易与基质沥青扩散融合,与基质沥青的黏附性较差;在10~40℃内,新、旧沥青能够快速扩散融合,超过40℃后,升高温度对扩散融合的促进作用逐渐减小,且对热氧-紫外老化沥青与基质沥青的扩散融合促进作用的减小速率更大;沥青四组分扩散系数的大小顺序依次为:饱和分>芳香分≥胶质>沥青质,经紫外老化后,四组分的扩散系数均有所下降,沥青质的降幅最大.

碳纳米管改善面板混凝土早龄期变形研究

在水利工程中大体积混凝土开裂问题普遍存在,而早龄期变形是大体积混凝土早龄期开裂的主要驱动力。为了研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对面板混凝土(FSC)早龄期变形的影响,采用温度—应力试验,研究两种温度养护历程下基准面板混凝土和掺入CNTs面板混凝土的应力与应变发展规律。基于成熟度理论,分离出早龄期温度变形与徐变,得到FSC早龄期时变热膨胀系数与徐变度发展曲线。试验结果表明:相较于基准组,CNTs的掺入可以减少FSC早龄期自收缩,降低早龄期热膨胀系数,从而减少温度变形,增加早龄期拉伸徐变度,可以有效改善FSC早龄期变形,降低FSC早龄期开裂风险。

混凝土中氯离子含量研究的关键问题综述

氯离子是影响混凝土结构耐久性的重要因素,合理有效地控制混凝土氯离子含量能够保证建筑使用寿命。因此,充分了解氯离子含量在不同影响因素下的变化规律及作用机理尤为重要。综合评述了混凝土中氯离子含量在不同胶材体系、不同养护温度和不同龄期下的变化规律及其作用机理。其中,不同胶材体系对混凝土氯离子的固化能力不同,粉煤灰、矿渣粉、硅灰等辅助胶凝材料的氯离子结合能力与其活性成分和掺量存在直接关系;氯离子结合能力在1 d龄期前快速增长,28 d后趋于稳定;提高养护温度能够在一定程度上提高氯离子结合能力,但温度过高又会降低其结合能力。此外,测试方法及表征方式的多样化对氯离子含量的研究造成了一定困扰,因此,制定统一的标准对于后续进一步研究具有极其重要的意义。

粉煤灰改良红层泥岩填料静三轴试验研究

红层泥岩的吸水软化和体积膨胀特性易造成路基翻浆冒泥现象及路基不均匀沉降等病害,在作为公路路基填料时应对其进行改良。本文选用粉煤灰作为改良剂,通过室内X射线衍射试验、化学成分测试和易溶盐等试验,分析红层泥岩和粉煤灰的成分组成及离子含量;通过无侧限抗压强度试验、室内变水头渗透试验和固结等试验分析了试样改良前后物理力学特性;通过常规三轴UU试验,研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对改良试样剪切应力-应变及抗剪强度的影响;分析了粉煤灰掺量为10%时,养护龄期对改良试验抗剪强度参数的影响。结果表明:该地区红层泥岩属低液限黏土,其易溶盐溶液中的SO42-离子含量最高,pH值呈碱性;三轴剪切试验中,改良和未改良试样均呈塑性破坏,试样粉煤灰掺量和龄期均对试样抗剪强度提高具有促进作用,且黏聚力增长幅度远大于内摩擦角;粉煤灰掺量为10%龄期28 d时,试样黏聚力较未改良未养护试样和10%掺量未养护试样分别提升37.9%和6.9%,内摩擦角分别增大了1.2°和0.7°。试样的静力学试验均验证了粉煤灰改良的可靠性。

计时起立-行走测试对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒预测与风险评估价值研究

目的:分析计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒风险的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年12月在我院内分泌科纳入治疗的2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人120例为研究对象,收集病人一般资料、TUGT测试结果,采用SPSS 22.0、R Studio 1.4.1103进行联合数据分析,研究相关性和预测价值。结果:本研究纳入的120例病人均顺利完成TUGT测试,完成率为100%,数据收集率为100%。所有病人TUGT时间为(16.03±3.29)s。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,TUGT时间与跌倒史、性别之间呈正相关(P<0.05);TUGT时间与2型糖尿病病程、合并周围神经病变病程、年龄之间无明显相关关系。TUGT时间用于预测老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒风险的最佳临界值为14.19 s,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.773,敏感度为86.29%,特异度为67.16%。结论:跌倒史、性别是影响老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人TUGT时间的危险因素,同时,TUGT时间对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒具有良好的预测价值。

自然老化服役后板式橡胶支座摩擦滑移性能试验研究

为了解自然老化服役后板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移性能,取实际桥梁中服役10年的7个板式橡胶支座进行摩擦滑移试验,分析不同竖向压应力下支座摩擦滑移规律,研究自然老化板式橡胶支座的水平弹性刚度、摩擦系数及耗能能力等,并对比人工热老化支座的相关性能。结果表明:相同服役年限的自然老化板式橡胶支座老化程度并不相同;自然老化板式橡胶支座摩擦系数随着竖向压应力的增大而减小,水平弹性刚度随着竖向压应力的增大而增大;压剪作用对老化板式橡胶支座的耗能能力影响较小,但需要注意累积的摩擦滑移会使支座耗能能力降低。自然老化板式橡胶支座(试验值)相较于未老化支座(理论值)的表面摩擦系数有所降低,但水平弹性刚度明显增大;自然老化板式橡胶支座水平弹性刚度增大幅度远高于人工热老化的板式橡胶支座,人工热老化研究严重低估了自然老化对板式橡胶支座的危害。

妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖水平异常对母婴结局的影响

目的探讨孕期血糖异常变化与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者出现妊娠期高血压(HDP)及妊娠结局的关系。方法通过75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验来观察孕产妇的特征;血糖升高引起的不良妊娠结局及新生儿的结果;空腹血糖水平和餐后血糖水平、药物干预治疗与巨大儿(LGA)和妊娠期HDP之间的关系。结果305例GDM孕妇中,159例孕妇(52.13%)空腹血糖(FPG)升高,146例(47.87%)餐后1 h和2 h血糖升高。在FPG升高的GDM孕妇中LGA和HDP分别占24.50%和14.50%;在餐后血糖水平升高的GDM孕妇中LGA和HDP分别占9.60%和6.20%。患有GDM的孕妇中,包含空腹血糖升高的3个级别水平需要药物治疗的孕妇比其他级别水平血糖升高的孕妇多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FPG升高对GDM孕妇HDP和LGA有更高的风险,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。药物治疗GDM孕妇,LGA的风险更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GDM孕妇的FPG升高比餐后血糖升高更能预测LGA和高血压妊娠结局。

聚丙烯改性及抗老化综述

聚丙烯(PP)由于具有价格低廉且性能较好的特点,成为应用范围最广泛的通用塑料之一,但是,由于其分子链结构中包含的叔碳原子极易在氧气、热、紫外线的条件下产生热氧老化降解及光老化降解,使聚丙烯表现出较差的抗老化性能,当处于室外时,其使用寿命严重缩短,限制了其应用范围。主要介绍了聚丙烯改性的方法,例如,接枝改性、熔融共混改性和改变晶体结构等,分析了聚丙烯的老化机理以及老化的过程,综述了近年来国内外关于聚丙烯改性及抗老化的方法,对聚丙烯的发展进行展望。

核电厂重要设备爆破片服役寿命评价技术

针对爆破片现有的技术规范中鲜有服役寿命评价的技术说明,以某核电厂汽轮机低压缸爆破片为例,通过对寿命影响因素的梳理,进行了爆破片整体疲劳和爆破试验,并对金属部件的材质检验、缺陷检测,以及非金属部件进行加速老化试验和性能测试对比分析。研究结果表明,经过100次压力循环后,爆破片的性能保持在设计参数内,显示出良好的耐疲劳性能。金属部件的微观分析和非金属部件的加速老化测试均证明了材料的高稳定性和长寿命。在现有的服役条件和更换周期情况下,爆破片主要的寿命影响因素对其服役损伤影响有限,将更换周期延长一倍具有理论和试验数据支撑。该研究对破膜在工程中的应用、维护及更换策略具有一定的指导意义。

胶粘剂在湿热环境下的老化行为规律及环境损伤机理

本工作选取硅橡胶胶粘剂、环氧树脂胶粘剂这两类典型胶粘剂作为研究对象,开展实验室湿热加速试验,从胶粘剂材料及胶接界面等角度研究其老化行为规律及环境损伤机理。结果表明,在试验初期上述两类胶粘剂均发生后固化反应,这导致样品的拉伸剪切强度和初始热分解温度有所上升。随着老化持续进行,样品的拉伸剪切强度和初始热分解温度逐渐下降。硅橡胶胶粘剂的界面破坏形式由内聚破坏占主导的混合破坏向界面破坏转变,而环氧树脂胶粘剂的界面破坏形式由界面破坏占主导的混合破坏向界面破坏转变。分析其可能的环境损伤机理,认为侧基氧化、Si-O结构环化解聚、水解和交联反应等可能存在于硅橡胶胶粘剂湿热老化过程中。就环氧树脂胶粘剂而言,其老化可能主要源于主链中C-N键等处链段降解,以及羟基、与N相连的亚甲基处发生氧化反应等。

配电电缆冷缩中间接头受潮特性研究

为探究现阶段配电电缆冷缩中间接头的受潮特性,本文首先制作了带接头的未受潮试样,通过加速受潮老化平台对试样进行受潮处理,然后采用极化/去极化电流(PDC)测试系统分别测试未受潮和受潮2、4、6、8周时中间接头的极化/去极化电流,最后计算其直流电导率,并使用支路辨识方法得到三条R-C支路的时间常数。结果表明:直流电导率在接头受潮到一定程度后才会发生变化,而第三支路时间常数随着受潮程度加重而不断减小,这是由于水分降低界面电荷迁移阻力,使得界面极化时间减小所致,因此第三支路时间常数可灵敏反映电缆中间接头的受潮程度,可作为判断电缆中间接头受潮程度的特征参数。