Enrichment factors of movable hydrocarbons in lacustrine shale oil and exploration potential of shale oil in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

The geological characteristics and production practices of the major middle-and high-maturity shale oil exploration areas in China are analyzed.Combined with laboratory results,it is clear that three essential conditions,i.e.economic initial production,commercial cumulative oil production of single well,and large-scale recoverable reserves confirmed by the testing production,determine whether the continental shale oil can be put into large-scale commercial development.The quantity and quality of movable hydrocarbons are confirmed to be crucial to economic development of shale oil,and focuses in evaluation of shale oil enrichment area/interval.The evaluation indexes of movable hydrocarbon enrichment include:(1)the material basis for forming retained hydrocarbon,including TOC>2%(preferentially 3%-4%),and typeⅠ-Ⅱkerogens;(2)the mobility of retained hydrocarbon,which is closely related to the hydrocarbon composition and flow behaviors of light/heavy components,and can be evaluated from the perspectives of thermal maturity(Ro),gas-oil ratio(GOR),crude oil density,quality of hydrocarbon components,preservation conditions;and(3)the reservoir characteristics associated with the engineering reconstruction,including the main pore throat distribution zone,reservoir physical properties(including fractures),lamellation feature and diagenetic stage,etc.Accordingly,13 evaluation indexes in three categories and their reference values are established.The evaluation indicates that the light shale oil zones in the Gulong Sag of Songliao Basin have the most favorable enrichment conditions of movable hydrocarbons,followed by light oil and black oil zones,containing 20.8×10^(8) t light oil resources in reservoirs with R_(0)>1.2%,pressure coefficient greater than 1.4,effective porosity greater than 6%,crude oil density less than 0.82 g/cm^(3),and GOR>100 m/m^(3).The shale oil in the Gulong Sag can be explored and developed separately by the categories(resource sweet spot,engineering sweet spot,and tight oil sweet spot)depending on shale oil flowability.The Gulong Sag is the most promising area to achieve large-scale breakthrough and production of continental shale oil in China.

Hydrocarbon indication in Rio Bonito Formation sandstone:Implication for CO_(2)storage in São Paulo,Brazil

São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)activities.The current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito Formation.The objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study location.The study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated area.Rock samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen presence.Organic geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone units.Some drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks samples.From the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent storage.However,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main sourcereservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.

Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre-Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications

The source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation （upper Es4） in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock-Eval-lI apparatus, and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pre-exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications, where the parallel first-order reaction rate model with an average pre- exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used. The results indicate that when the pre-exponential factor changes from low to high, an extreme value for residual errors occurs. And with the increasing pre-exponential factor, the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same, but the values of activation energies move higher integrally, and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10-fold of the pre-exponential factors. Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3 ~C/Ma, the results show that with the increases in pre-exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TRo.5 （transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%） increases gradually, and the additional temperature gradually decreases. Combined with geochemical data of source rock, the kinetic parameters with different pre-exponentia[ factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation, and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre-exponential factor are more suitable. It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil-gas resources. Meantime, the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area; therefore, the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.

Study on Isolation, Identification of A Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacterium Bacillus fusiformis sp. and Influence of Environmental Factors on Degradation Efficiency

A hydrocarbon degrading bacterium KL2-13 was isolated from ten sites of oil contaminated soil in the Karamay oilfield. It was identified as the Bacillusfusiformis sp. bacterium based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The factors influencing the hydrocarbon degradation by the bacterium KL2-13 were determined. The test results have showed that the hydrocarbon degrading bacterium KL2-13 requires an optimum pH range of 6-8, and the optimum inoculation quantity is 3%. The low-concentration metal ions Fe^2＋, Mg^2＋ and Ca^2＋can improve the degradation ability of the bacteria KL2-13. A too low concentration of Tween-80 does not show obvious promotion to the degrading bacterium KL2-13, and an excessively high concentration can decrease the degradation ability of the bacterium, the best dosage of which is 2%. The hydrocarbon degrading rate reached 59.07%4-0.37% under the optimum culture conditions.

白云岩的成因、储集空间及实验技术研究新进展

全球广布的白云岩中蕴含着丰富的油气资源,但是白云岩的成因机理和储集空间保持机制还存在诸多疑问。分析研究了近年来白云岩的成因机理、储集空间控制因素与新型实验技术等方面研究取得的重大进展。(1)通过溶解-再沉淀方法成功合成出低温有序白云石,白云岩的形成受热力学和动力学屏障共同制约。(2)研究建立、拓展和完善了多种白云石化模型。新建了有机物(微生物)诱导模型,完善了无机物催化模型,修订了混合水白云石化模型,拓展了蒸发泵和渗透回流白云石化模型,细化了埋藏白云石化类型。(3)原始沉积环境和后期成岩改造对白云岩储层演化具有重要控制作用。适度的白云石化作用及次生溶蚀作用增加白云岩储层的孔隙空间,过度的胶结作用、大量热液矿物沉淀及轻-中度重结晶作用减少白云岩储层的孔隙空间。(4)发展了微区元素分析、Mg-Ca同位素、激光原位U-Pb同位素、团簇同位素、激光共聚焦-CT扫描成像解析及核磁共振-频谱激发极化实验新技术。研发了白云岩储层正演模拟技术、多尺度定量表征白云岩孔隙的三维结构和流动性技术,为白云石成因机理、储集空间研究提供重要的技术支持。

玛湖凹陷及周缘白碱滩组勘探突破与新认识

为明确玛湖凹陷白碱滩组砂体分布规律和油气成藏模式,评价其油气勘探前景,综合钻井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料,系统梳理白碱滩组二段沉积规律和成藏特征。白碱滩组二段为辫状河三角洲—滩坝—浊积扇沉积序列,发育水下分流河道砂、滩坝砂和浊积砂3种不同类型的砂体,辫状河三角洲前缘亚相以河道砂为主,滨—浅湖发育滩坝砂,半深湖—深湖受坡折带控制发育多个浊积扇体,浊积砂呈朵叶状分布,建立了水下分流河道—滩坝—浊积扇的沉积控砂模式。研究区发育9大走滑断裂体系,其中,走滑断裂直通型、走滑断裂伴生型和走滑断裂接力型3种断裂组合能够有效沟通二叠系风城组烃源岩,作为油气垂向高效运移通道,白碱滩组二段整体具有走滑断裂通源、断裂砂体配置控藏和优质储集层富集的成藏模式。

燃料理化特性与进气压力耦合对碳氢化合物排放的影响

通过一台改进的单缸轻型柴油机,研究3种进气压力(120、150和180 kPa)下燃料的滞燃期、十六烷值与进气压力的耦合对柴油机碳氢化合物(HC)排放的影响。使用纯柴油(B00)、B20燃料(按质量分数混合20%正丁醇和80%纯柴油的燃料)和B20+EHN(B20中添加0.7%质量分数的2-乙基己基硝酸盐)作为燃料进行实验研究。对B00和B20+EHN的碳氢排放进行比较,可知在进气氧浓度高于13%时,HC排放差值几乎不随进气氧浓度发生变化,不同压力的HC排放差异基本维持在0~1 g/(kw·h)范围内。对B20和B20+EHN的碳氢排放进行比较,可知在120、150和180 kPa的入口压力下,临界氧浓度分别为16%、15%和13%,缸内燃烧温度和燃烧持续期是影响两种燃料HC排放差异的主要因素,当进气氧浓度值低于各进气压力下的临界点时,不同的十六烷值引起的缸内燃烧温度差异加大了HC排放的差异,随着氧浓度的降低,缸内燃烧温度的影响程度增大。

2021年济南市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs污染特征及其来源解析

目的分析济南市2021年细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))中PAHs污染特征及来源分析,为济南市大气环境综合治理提供相关数据支持。方法根据济南市区域分布特点选取2个有代表性监测点,每月的10—16日进行连续监测,使用超高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行检测,分析济南市PM_(2.5)中PAHs变化趋势及特征,使用特征比值和PMF模型对PM_(2.5)中PAHs进行源解析。结果PAHs以4环和6环为主,具有显著的季节性变化趋势,即冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,1月份污染情况尤为突出;秋季和冬季中7种高致癌风险PAHs所占比例高于其他季节,历城区各季节PAHs质量浓度均高于市中区;结合特征比值和PMF对PAHs来源分析,冬季主要污染源是工业和石油产品挥发源、交通源;秋季主要为燃煤燃烧源、工业和石油产品挥发源和交通源。结论济南市PM_(2.5)中PAHs存在一定的污染,需加大清洁能源的使用,同时进一步加强秋、冬季,尤其是采暖季燃煤燃烧、工业和石油产品挥发和交通等污染源的控制。

基于ISM的混合轻烃装运危险性分析

“混合轻烃”是油气田伴生气和进口液化天然气中烷烃的提取物,近年市场供应逐渐增加。由于其和传统的以液化石油气为代表的烃类混合物的组分上的差别,国内缺乏对应的生产规范与储运设备,为生产与贸易带来不便。为此针对混合轻烃在装卸与运输环节中的危险性,利用可解释结构模型(ISM)对衍生的安全管理措施之间的逻辑关系进行拓扑结构呈现。结果表明:若沿用市场现有的LPG槽车运输混合轻烃则必须充分计算其工艺可靠性,提前评估这类产品的事故风险以及选择合理的包装方式,并做好设备日常维护等保障性工作;其他因素的重要度依此变化,可为安全防范提供参考;在日常的安全管理工作中,安全专项资金的投入是最基本的保障,其次是生产规章制度与安全管理规程的科学性,以及如何平衡生产效率与安全之间的关系。

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组常规—致密油藏主控因素及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组油气资源丰富,是效益勘探及建产的重要领域。应用测录井、生产测试及岩心分析化验资料,研究中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组储层特征,明确储层差异性的主控因素,建立中拐凸起东斜坡常规—致密油藏序次分布的成藏模式。结果表明:自北部向南部,研究区逐步由常规油藏转化为致密油藏,沉积作用是造成储层差异性的物质基础,控制储层岩性及原始物性,压实作用和浊沸石胶结作用加剧储层常规—致密差异演化;研究区成岩相带划分为泥质充填带、贫泥—弱胶结带、浊沸石胶结带和强压实—弱溶蚀带4种相带,其中贫泥—弱胶结带为有利储层发育带。该结果为研究区致密油藏勘探提供指导。

远源致密砂岩气成藏主控因素及成藏概率定量评价——以四川盆地西南部中侏罗统沙溪庙组气藏为例

四川盆地西南部(以下简称川西南部地区)中侏罗统沙溪庙组致密砂岩气藏属于远源次生气藏,不同构造天然气富集差异性大,成藏主控因素不清。为此,基于远源致密砂岩气成藏条件分析,对比了川西南部地区沙溪庙组7个含气构造的成藏差异性,明确了成藏主控因素,在综合考虑控制致密砂岩气成藏差异性的各类地质因素的基础上,建立了远源致密砂岩气成藏概率的定量评价方法,并预测了天府气田简阳区块沙溪庙组天然气储量丰度。研究结果表明:(1)川西南部地区沙溪庙组主要发育构造—岩性气藏,天然气均源自下伏上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩,不同含气构造在天然气组分、储层特征、输导保存条件等方面存在明显差异;(2)烃源岩排烃能力奠定了物质基础,断—盖配置决定了天然气富集层系,断—储耦合控制着天然气聚集效率,储层品质决定了天然气富集规模;(3)烃源岩排烃能力指数、源—储距离指数、储层物性指数、储层厚度指数、断—盖耦合类型指数及断—储配置类型指数可作为评价致密砂岩气成藏概率指标,提出的远源致密砂岩气成藏概率指数(HAI)可用于该地区远源致密砂岩气地质储量预测。结论认为,HAI与储量丰度具有很好的正相关关系,并预测了天府气田简阳区块的HAI值为0.53,沙溪庙组气藏的储量丰度为1.32×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2),提出的天然气成藏定量评价方法准确度较高,为川西南部地区沙溪庙组天然气勘探开发指明了方向。

特提斯洋与古亚洲洋协同演化控制下的塔里木台盆区油气富集效应

显生宙特提斯洋和古亚洲洋2大构造域演化历史对塔里木盆地产生了巨大的影响,其效应包括原型盆地的形成与沉积充填过程及油气成藏与调整改造等。原特提斯洋和古亚洲洋分别经历了扩张、俯冲-消减和关闭-碰撞造山过程。特提斯域经历了原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯3个阶段,具有此消彼长的关系。古亚洲洋在新元古代—古生代多陆-岛-洋的格架下经历了复杂的伸展—聚敛过程。受特提斯洋(昆仑-阿尔金分支洋)和古亚洲洋(南天山洋分支)协同演化控制,塔里木盆地经历了新元古代—早古生代和晚古生代—新生代2个从伸展—聚敛的巨型盆地旋回,与海平面升降和气候旋回匹配,形成了优质烃源岩、多类型规模性储层和盖层,构成了油气形成的优越物质基础。特提斯洋和古亚洲洋多圈层协同演化控制的油气富集效应体现在:①多类型盆地原型与后期构造改造决定了塔里木台盆区不同部位油气成藏与富集的差异性;②北部坳陷广泛分布的优质烃源岩,是塔北—顺托—塔中地区大型油气富集区形成的基础;③多期构造运动伴随的构造破裂与古岩溶作用造就了断控缝洞型和岩溶缝洞型2类各具特点且规模发育的储集体;④区内构造与地温场差异演化决定了油气聚集区内油气相态与次生改造的规律性变化。台盆区大型古隆起和不整合面、走滑断裂带、高能相带及其叠加区是油气有利目标区。

原油与柴油泄露影响海洋飞沫气溶胶中重金属与多环芳烃分布的实验室模拟研究

海洋泄漏原油中的重金属和多环芳烃等污染物会因为破碎波进入到海洋飞沫气溶胶中,造成更大范围的环境生态风险,而目前其具体机制和影响因素尚未充分探究。本研究以从长庆油田、新疆油田和渤海油田采集的原油以及中国石化的成品油为研究对象,设计了一套模拟产生海洋飞沫气溶胶的实验室装置,模拟了海洋表面浪花裹挟原油后再释放到大气的过程,并进行海洋飞沫气溶胶的粒径分布、多环芳烃和重金属的浓度及富集因子(EF)分析。研究发现,轻质油中的部分低分子量多环芳烃更易于从覆油海面迁移到海洋飞沫气溶胶中并发生富集(EF≥10);尽管油品本底值中的重金属浓度很低,但无论是柴油泄漏还是原油泄漏,重金属均会富集到在海洋飞沫气溶胶中,且浓度水平与多环芳烃相差较小,在300~1800μg/m^(3);油膜厚度对海洋飞沫气溶胶中的重金属有十分显著的影响,随着油膜厚度的降低,海洋飞沫气溶胶中的重金属呈现“减少增多减少”的变化趋势。

Using factor analysis on the comprehensive evaluation of oil pollution in the Haihe river basin

Selecting six indexs of pH, DO, COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen and petroleum hydrocarbons in Haihe River Basin of four seasons in 2012 - 2013 for factor analysis, appling Water Quality Pollution Index （API） to evaluate DO, COD, BOD5 and ammonia nitrogen, aims for systematic evluation to water quality of Haihe River Basin The results showed that two stations of B J1 and HB2 were the 1V type of water, others were the V type; Water Quality Pollution Index （API） was 1.44, which illustrated Haihe River Basin in the state of contamination that the degree of pollution exceeded the standard of functional areas. Factor Analysis explained that between COD, DO and NH3-N were significant difference （P〈0.05）; principal component analysis showed that, in addition to pH and BOD5, the other indicators were above 0.70; the contribution rate of COD, DO, NH3-N and TPH were higher, petroleum hydrocarbons was 100%, it can be considered that the waters type of pollution was organic pollution, and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination was more prominent.

基于微渗漏机制的甲烷氡气异常特征及其在煤矿隐蔽致灾因素勘探中的意义

煤矿隐蔽致灾因素是指隐伏在煤层及其围岩内不易直接发现而开采过程中可能诱发矿山灾难的地质构造和不良地质体。甲烷和氡气是煤矿中常见的有害气体,其异常释放往往伴随着煤层的不良构造与瓦斯聚集等隐蔽灾害。本文以阳泉新元煤矿为工作区,首次基于微渗漏机制,优选了对隐蔽致灾地质因素敏感性强的甲烷、氡气两种地球化学指标,探讨土壤甲烷和氡气指标地球化学异常特征对煤矿隐蔽致灾因素的指示作用,通过动态监测(408个点位的土壤游离烃甲烷与氡气指标)和面积测量(416个点位的土壤游离烃甲烷、酸解烃甲烷指标以及651个点位的土壤氡气指标)的实测数据,获取了下伏含水破碎带、煤层气渗漏带、微构造裂隙带、陷落柱环绕带等致灾因素分布的地球化学响应特征;同时与广域电磁法开展联合勘探分析,完成煤矿构造类、瓦斯聚集类隐蔽致灾因素的验证识别,推测圈定出工作区潜在致灾因素的分布区段,验证了烃类微渗漏理论在煤矿隐蔽致灾因素勘探中的适用性与实用性,为甲烷、氡气地球化学指标在煤矿隐蔽致灾因素普查勘探中的广泛应用奠定了基础,对于提高煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。

松辽盆地他拉海地区萨、葡油层断砂输导油气能力主控因素与油气富集规律

为了研究松辽盆地北部他拉海地区萨、葡油层油气富集规律,在萨、葡油层油气成藏模式及输导油气通道构成研究的基础上,通过分析断裂和砂体输导油气能力主控因素及其分布特征,结合油气富集特征,对断砂输导油气能力影响因素与油气富集关系进行研究。结果表明:他拉海地区油源断裂输导油气能力的主控因素是成藏期古断距和下伏青一段源岩排烃强度,下伏青一段源岩排烃强度与葡萄花油层油气富集之间关系密切,是造成其油气主要分布在东部的主要原因;油源断裂古断距与萨尔图油层油气富集关系密切,是造成其油气主要分布在西部的主要原因;砂体输导油气能力主控影响因素是古构造脊和优势相砂体发育及分布,古构造脊发育及分布与萨、葡油层油气富集关系密切,其发育及分布是造成油气主要富集在其东部和中北部的主要原因。研究成果为以断砂输导体系为主的勘探地区油气成藏分析提供理论参考。

运动性骨骼肌损伤中时钟基因BMAL1与MyoD的作用

背景:一次大负荷运动后会引起肌联蛋白titin降解导致骨骼肌损伤,成肌调节因子家族MyoD参与骨骼肌生成,在骨骼肌损伤修复中发挥重要的作用。目的:观察一次大负荷运动不同时相下骨骼肌MyoD、时钟基因BMAL1与titin表达变化,以期明确BMAL1与MyoD在运动诱导骨骼肌损伤中的作用。方法:24只8周龄SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组(n=4)和运动组(n=20)。运动组大鼠于跑台进行90 min下坡跑,运动后即刻(0 h)及运动后12,24,48,72 h取比目鱼肌。通过实时荧光定量PCR实验检测BMAL1、MyoD的mRNA表达量;透射电镜观察骨骼肌肌纤维超微结构变化;免疫荧光观测MyoD与BMAL1、BMAL1与titin的定位情况。结果与结论:①透射电镜显示:一次大负荷离心运动后,大鼠比目鱼肌部分位置肌节变宽,Z线模糊不清呈水波状,其中运动后12 h损伤最为严重,72 h后基本恢复;②实时荧光定量PCR检测显示:运动组BMAL1的mRNA表达呈现先升高,后趋于正常的状态;MyoD的mRNA表达呈现先下降、后升高的趋势;③免疫荧光观测:运动组可在12,24 h观测到BMAL1和MyoD的共定位;可在0,12,24 h观测到BMAL1和titin的共定位;④结果表明,MyoD与BMAL1共同参与运动性骨骼肌损伤的修复,可能是通过titin进行的。

XH凹陷中南部背斜带油气分布特征与成藏主控因素

为了厘清XH凹陷中南部背斜带的油气成藏主控因素,解剖了中南部T气田、H气田、R气田等3个典型油气田。研究表明:中南部背斜带油气成因、来源和成藏期次一致,但油气分布却存在显著差异性,主要表现在富集程度、纵向分布层位和平面赋存位置3个方面。分析认为,造成油气分布差异性的主控因素为断裂系统、烃源岩分布、源-储构造叠合关系和断-砂耦合关系。断裂系统的差异性决定纵向上油气分布层位以及构造内部的差异化富集程度;平湖组煤系烃源岩成熟度和厚度分布的差异性决定区域油气富集程度;花港组源外成藏背景下,成藏期平湖组烃源层顶面构造与花港组储集层构造叠合关系决定局部构造汇烃强度;中南部花港组强水道化背景下,断层与砂体耦合关系决定单层油气成藏规模。

石油烃污染土壤阴燃反应特性及修复效果研究

石油开采和运输过程中会产生大面积的石油污染场地,亟需修复。本研究以石油烃污染土壤为研究对象,采用自制的阴燃小试装置研究土壤热值、含水率和空气流量等因素对污染土壤阴燃反应特性及修复效果的影响,并探究了石油烃污染物在阴燃过程中降解路径。结果表明:石油烃污染土壤的阴燃反应温度区间为200~600℃,修复率普遍高于98.5%。当含水率增加5%时,阴燃峰面传播速率约减小46.3%,土壤含水率越高则阴燃峰面传播速率越小;当热值增加1.81 MJ/kg时,阴燃平均峰值温度会升高300℃。阴燃峰值温度随污染土壤热值的升高而增加;当空气流量为15~25 L/min时,阴燃峰面传播速率随空气流量的提高而增加。污染土壤阴燃过程中烯烃类物质的双键基团易被氧化断裂生成醛类物质,同时长链烷烃类物质的碳键易断裂生成中链烷烃类物质。研究显示,阴燃对石油烃污染土壤的修复效果显著,并且可以通过对影响因素的调控实现对阴燃过程的控制,相关结果将为有机污染土壤阴燃修复技术的工程化应用提供理论支撑。