Nano-composite Particles Synthesized by a Hydrogen Arc Plasma

Nano-composite particles can be synthesized by a hydrogen arc plasma method, which possesses the advantages of high productivity, controllable size distribution and low electric energy consumption comparing with conventional gas condensation method. With this method, not only the nanoparticles of metals and alloys, but also the nano-composite particles with shell structure can be synthesized. The microstructures, compositions and the formation mechanism of the nano composite particles were studied

Synthesis and characterization of Fe_3Al intermetallic nanopowder by hydrogen arc plasma method (HP)

Nanostructured Fe3Al intermetallic compounds were produced by using hydrogen arc plasma method（HP）. The microstructures of the nano Fe3Al were characterized by means of XRD, DSC-TG and TEM. The results shows that the intermetallic compounds have ordered B2 structure and the average particle of the as synthesized is about 45nm. The B2 structure changes to highly ordered DO3 structure after annealing in vaccum at 480℃. The temperature of phase transformation is 545.3℃.

Conversion of Methane to C_2 Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen Using a Gliding Arc Reactor

Methane conversion has been studied using gliding arc plasma in the presence of argon.The process was conducted at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.The focus of this research was to develop a process of converting methane to C2 hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The main parameters,including the CH4/Ar mole ratio,the CH4 flow rate,the input voltage,and the minimum electrode gap,were varied to investigate their effects on methane conversion rate, product distribution,energy consumption,carbon deposit,and reaction stability.The specific energy requirement（SER） was used to express the energy utilization efficiency of the process and provided a practical guidance for optimizing reaction conditions for improving energy efficiency. It was found that the carbon deposition was not conducive to methane conversion,and the gliding arc plasma discharge reached a stable state twelve minutes later.Optimum conditions for methane conversion were suggested.The maximum methane conversion rate of 43.39%was obtained under the optimum conditions.Also,C2 hydrocarbons selectivity,C2 hydrocarbons yield,H2 selectivity, H2 yield and SER were 87.20%,37.83%,81.28%,35.27%,and 2.09 MJ/mol,respectively.

FRACTAL RESEARCH ON CRACKS PROPAGATION OF GAS PIPELINE X52 STEEL WELDING LINE UNDER HYDROGEN ENVIRONMENT

Based on the theory of hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity of the hydrogen induced cracking and the consideration of the effect of the residual stress produced by eliminated stress heat-treatment, a fractal model of hydrogen induced cracking was presented, and the relationships among the effective surface energy (H), fractal dimension D and stress intensity factor of hydrogen induced cracking, KIH, for welding pipeline under hydrogen environment was set up, from which the relationship of D and KISCC was obtained. The model has been verified experimentally to be correct.

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Armour Grade Q&T Steel Joints Fabricated by Flux Cored Arc Welding with Low Hydrogen Ferritic Consumables

Quenched and Tempered （Q＆T） steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） and softening in the heat affected zone （HAZ） after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel （ASS） consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy to avoid HIC because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. Recent studies revealed that low hydrogen ferritic （LHF） steel consumables can also be used to weld Q＆T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits and required resistance against cold cracking. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the performance of armour grade Q＆T steel joints fabricated by flux cored arc welding with LHF steel consumables. Two different consumables namely （i） austenitic stainless steel and （ii） low hydrogen ferritic steel have been used to fabricate the joints by flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process. The joints fabricated by LHF consumable exhibited superior transverse tensile properties due to the presence of ferrite microstructure in weld metal. The joints fabricated by ASS consumable showed higher impact toughness due to the presence of austenitic phase in weld metal microstructure. The HAZ softening in coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ） is less in the joints fabricated using LHF consumable due to the lower heat input involved during fabrication compared to the joints fabricated using ASS consumables.

Study On the Tribological Behavior of the Arc-added Glow Discharge Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburization On Titanium Alloy Surfaces

This paper introduces a new titanium alloys surface strengthening treatment by using the arc-added glow discharge plasmas non-hydrogen Carburization technique. High purity and high strength graphite is selected as cooling cathode arc source for supplying carbon atoms and particle, which migrate to the titanium alloy(Ti6A14V) surface and form modified layer. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement is avoided while the tribological behavior of the titanium alloy surface is improved in the respects of anti-friction and anti-wear ability.The tribological behavior of the modified layer under dry sliding against SAE52100 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results showed that the modified layer obtained a thickness of 30u,m at 980°C, 30minutes. The microhardness of the Ti6A14V alloy surface attained 936 HV, which was much larger than that of the T16A14V alloy. The TJ6A14V alloy was characterized by adhesion wear and scuffing under dry sliding against the steel, while the surface modified layer experienced much abated adhesion wear and scuffing under the same testing condition. This could be attributed to the carbon element with different modalities exists in the modified layer. The modified layer showed good friction-reducing and fair anti-wear ability in dry sliding against the steel. Using the SEM, XRD and XPS, the phase structure and morphology of the Carburization modified layer was analyzed.

Conversion of coalbed methane surrogate into hydrogen and graphene sheets using rotating gliding arc plasma

The use of atmospheric rotating gliding arc(RGA)plasma is proposed as a facile,scalable and catalyst-free approach to synthesizing hydrogen(H2)and graphene sheets from coalbed methane(CBM).CH4 is used as a CBM surrogate.Based on a previous investigation of discharge properties,product distribution and energy efficiency,the operating parameters such as CH4 concentration,applied voltage and gas flow rate can effectively affect the CH4 conversion rate,the selectivity of H2 and the properties of solid generated carbon.Nevertheless,the basic properties of RGA plasma and its role in CH4 conversion are scarcely mentioned.In the present work,a 3D RGA model,with a detailed nonequilibrium CH4/Ar plasma chemistry,is developed to validate the previous experiments on CBM conversion,aiming in particular at the distribution of H2 and other gas products.Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of RGA is derived from the joint effects of electron convection,electron migration and electron diffusion,and is prominently determined by the variation of the gas flow rate and applied voltage.Subsequently,a combined experimental and chemical kinetical simulation is performed to analyze the selectivity of gas products in an RGA reaction,taking into consideration the formation and loss pathways of crucial targeted substances(such as CH4,C2H2,H2 and H radicals)and corresponding contribution rates.Additionally,the effects of operating conditions on the properties of solid products are investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that increasing the applied voltage and decreasing CH4 concentration will change the solid carbon from its initial spherical structure into folded multilayer graphene sheets,while the size of the graphene sheets is slightly affected by the change in gas flow rate.

Damage Characteristics of TiD_2 Films Irradiated by a Mixed Pulsed Beam of Titanium and Hydrogen Ions

Titanium deuteride is an important nuclear material used in the field of nuclear technology, and further research is needed into TiD2 films irradiated by pulsed ion beams of the vacuum arc discharge with hydrogen. In the current study, these irradiated TiD2 films have been investigated using scanning electronic microscopy and slow positron annihilation techniques. Both the thermal effect and irradiation defects of TiD2 films were studied, following their irradiation with mixed pulsed ion beams of titanium and hydrogen ions. It is found that the thermal effect is trivial on the irradiated surfaces, and the dominant effect is irradiation defects which can be enhanced by repetitive shots and is characterized by the inner diffusion of irradiation defects.

Behavior of an indigenously fabricated transferred arc plasma furnace for smelting studies

The utilization of industrial solid waste for metal recovery requires high-temperature tools due to the presence of silica and alumina, which is reducible at high temperature. In a plasma arc furnace, transferred arc plasma furnace（TAP） can meet all requirements, but the disadvantage of this technology is the high cost. For performing experiments in the laboratory, the TAP was fabricated indigenously in a laboratory based on the different inputs provided in the literature for the furnace design and fabrication. The observed parameters such as arc length, energy consumption, graphite electrode consumption, noise level as well as lining erosion were characterized for this fabricated furnace. The nitrogen plasma increased by around 200 K（200 ℃） melt temperature and noise levels decreased by ~10 d B compared to a normal arc.Hydrogen plasma offered 100 K（100 ℃） higher melt temperature with ~5 d B higher sound level than nitrogen plasma. Nitrogen plasma arc melting showed lower electrode and energy consumption than normal arc melting, whereas hydrogen plasma showed lower energy consumption and higher electrode consumption in comparison to nitrogen plasma. The higher plasma arc temperature resulted in a shorter meltdown time than normal arc with smoother arcing. Hydrogen plasma permitted more heats, reduced meltdown time, and lower energy consumption, but with increased graphite consumption and crucible wear. The present study showed that the fabricated arc plasma is better than the normal arc furnace with respect to temperature generation, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it could be used effectively for smelting-reduction studies.

铜蒸气对密封直流接触器氢-氮混合气体电弧特性的影响

密封直流接触器开断过程电弧烧蚀触头产生的铜蒸气对氢-氮混合气体电弧特性及开断性能具有重要作用。依据平衡态等离子体理论计算出铜蒸气不同占比的氢-氮混合气体的各项物性参数,引入铜蒸气影响,建立了基于磁流体动力学理论的氢-氮混合气体电弧模型,系统研究了铜蒸气在混合气体中占比及分布规律对燃弧特性、电弧发展演变特性等的影响规律。基于可拆卸腔体开展了实验验证,750 V/250 A密封直流接触器实验中电弧重击穿概率、熄弧时间变化等规律与理论分析结果基本相符,验证了铜蒸气对燃弧特性的影响。研究表明:随着铜蒸气在混合气体中占比提高,燃弧过程电弧温度缓慢降低,熄弧时间逐步提高,重击穿概率增大,且铜蒸气不均匀分布比均匀分布熄弧时间有所降低。研究结果为混合气体直流燃弧特性和高可靠性密封直流接触器优化设计提供理论参考。

高效CoMo双金属硫化物电极构筑及电催化析氢性能研究

结合电弧熔炼技术和脱合金化法制备了钴钼多孔合金,利用化学气相沉积进行蒸汽硫化,构筑了自支撑CoMo双金属硫化物电极。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了物相组成和微观形貌,利用线性扫描伏安法、计时电位法等测试了电极的析氢性能和稳定性。结果表明:适量钼元素的加入促进了CoMo硫化物纳米线的密集生长,增大了比表面积,便于析氢反应过程中的电子传输。催化剂在酸性介质中表现出优异的析氢性能,Co13Mo2-S电极在阴极析氢过程中在10、100 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下过电位分别为94、172 mV,塔菲尔斜率仅为59m V·dec^(-1),同时表现出良好的析氢稳定性和耐久性。

螺旋纳米碳纤维的制备与表征

利用氢电弧等离子体法制备了纳米铜 -镍合金作为催化剂 ,通过乙炔的催化热解制备了对称生长的螺旋纳米碳纤维 .并用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和红外 (IR)对其进行表征 ,发现在单个纳米铜 -镍合金粒子上对称生长出两根螺旋纳米碳纤维 ,它们的旋向相反 ,但是具有相同的螺旋直径、螺旋长度和碳纤维直径 ,而且纳米铜 -镍合金粒子也有各种不同的形状 .此外 ,这两根对称生长的螺旋纳米碳纤维之间的夹角也不同 ,分别为 60°,90°,1 1 0°和 1 60°.IR结果表明 ,螺旋纳米碳纤维分子结构中既含有不饱和的 C C双键 ,又含有饱和的— CH2 —和— CH3—基团 .然而 ,利用氢电弧等离子体法制备的纳米铜和纳米镍作为催化剂 ,催化热解乙炔 ,得到的产物均是直线型碳纤维 .

碳纳米材料的制备及应用

碳纳米材料具有独特的低维纳米结构、优异的性能和潜在的应用价值.重点综述上海大学低维炭材料与器件物理研究所在碳纳米材料研究方面的最新进展,并对碳纳米材料的发展趋势及对未来生产生活的影响进行评述.研究所在高纯度高结晶性单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)、双壁碳纳米管(double-walled CNTs,DWCNTs)的大量生产与应用,具有量子效应的多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled CNTs,MWCNTs)的合成,碳纳米线的可控生长,单根MWCNT、单根碳纳米线的拉曼(Raman)光谱研究以及石墨烯的大量制备等方面均取得了可喜的成果.

5A分子筛负载纳米镍铈粒子在气相苯加氢反应中的催化活性

将纳米镍铈粒子负载到５Ａ分子筛上制成负载型催化剂，用气相苯加氢反应考察其催化活性，并通过ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ技术检测反应前后催化剂上纳米金属粒子的分散及晶相变化情况．与非负载型纳米镍铈粒子催化剂进行比较，结果显示二者的催化活性与纳米镍铈粒子的储氢特性及表面层中铈镍合金的存在有关．负载型催化剂具有高的选择性和稳定性；催化剂载体对催化剂的催化活性无促进作用．

氢等离子电弧法半连续制备单壁纳米碳管

用氢气取代氦气作为缓冲气体 ,适当改进电弧反应装置并掺加一种生长促进剂可以有效地提高单壁纳米碳管的产量和质量。氢电弧法制备出的单壁纳米碳管堆积成膜状或网状 ,电镜下可见产物主要由相互缠绕的单壁纳米碳管束构成 ,纯度较高 ;激光拉曼分析结果表明制得的单壁纳米碳管直径较大。单壁纳米碳管产物在形貌和结构上的上述特征与氢气和生长促进剂的作用密切相关。

四氧化三锰/石墨烯超级电容器的制备及分析

为了最大程度上保留石墨烯的晶格结构以提高其电导并简化过渡金属氧化物与石墨烯复合物的制备过程,通过氢电弧放电和简易的高温处理成功制备得到四氧化三锰/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并将其用作超级电容器的电极.通过XRD、Raman光谱和TEM对产物的形貌、结构及成分进行了表征.电化学测试结果表明,由该材料制得的超级电容器具有良好的电容性质、出色的电化学稳定性(循环3 000圈后大约保持96%)以及较低的等效串联电阻.同时,四氧化三锰的掺入可使其比电容提高到纯石墨烯电极的3倍.因此,此方法为制备以新型石墨烯复合过渡金属氧化物作为高性能超级电容器电极的研究提供了新思路.

纳米镍铈/三氧化铝催化剂的表征及加氢性能

采用氢电弧等离子法制备了具有储氢特性的纳米镍铈粒子,并制备出纳米NiCe/Al_2O_3催化剂,通过透射电镜(TEM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现,纳米NiCe粒子为类球状多面体.Ce物种存在于粒子表面层中;纳米NiCe/Al_2O_3粒子呈壳型蜂窝状结构,粘附在载体氧化铝表面;纳米NiCe与载体氧化铝作用较弱.在裂解汽油一段加氢反应中,纳米NiCe/Al_2O_3催化剂显示出较高的活性和选择性.

氢等离子体电弧熔炼技术制备高纯稀土功能材料钆

采用等离子体电弧熔炼技术分别在纯氩气和氩气-氢气混合气体中熔炼纯化稀土金属钆,对纯化前后样品中的金属杂质和非金属杂质进行定量分析。分析结果显示氢等离子体电弧熔炼技术能有效的去除钆金属中的大部分金属杂质,并且表现出良好的脱氧效果,杂质元素去除率随氢气含量增加而提高。

Ar与H2混合气体保护下GTAW电弧特性数值模拟

针对Ar与H2混合气体保护下GTAW焊接电弧的传热与流动特性,建立基于磁流体动力学的二维轴对称数学模型,结合麦克斯韦方程组与流体动力学理论对电弧的温度、电势、电弧压力以及电流密度等进行求解,又分别将传统氩弧与氩氢混合气体保护下电弧的阳极热进行分析与对比.结果表明,加入10%氢气后的电弧轮廓较传统氩弧略微收缩,电磁力增至约传统氩弧的2倍,温度、等离子体流速、电势、电流密度等都明显增大,导致更多热量传递给阳极,在一定程度上提高了焊接热效率.可为高效GTAW焊接工艺的进一步开发提供理论参考.

直流等离子体喷射CVD技术制备自支撑金刚石膜的新结构和新形貌(英文)

采用30kW高功率直流等离子体喷射CVD技术制备了自支撑金刚石膜的新型结构,通过使甲烷与氢气的浓度比随沉积时间变化的方法,制备了两层、三层和四层结构。扫描电镜结果显示所制备的层结构是由柱状晶和非常细晶粒组成的,而拉曼谱结果表明这层细晶粒具有纳米金刚石的激光散射特征。在甲烷与氢气的浓度比超过15%的沉积条件下,我们发现一种新形貌,这种形貌是由具有非常好的刻面的晶粒构成的。