Relationship between Critical Hydrogen Concentration and Applied Stress for Hydrogen Induced Cracking in 0.2 wt—%C Annealed Plain Steel

1.IntroductionSo far there are few people who studythe relationship between the criticalhydrogen concentration and the stress forhvdrogen induced cracking (CCHIC)quantitatively.Several researchers have cal-culated the CCHIC of steels under no stressby means of H permeation method,but no

Hydrogen Concentration of Co-Deposited Carbon Films Produced in the Vicinity of Local Island Divertor in LHD

In international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER）, one of major concerns is an in-vessel tritium inventory from a point of safety. It is believed that the carbon-tritium co-deposited film produced by the erosion of carbon diverter walls has a high tritium concentration. However, no systematic evaluation for the tritium concentration has been conducted yet. In the present study, the carbon-hydrogen co-deposited films were prepared at the wall of pumping duct in Local Island Divertor experiments of LHD, in order to evaluate the tritium concentration of the co-deposited films produced in ITER. The hydrogen concentration was obtained by measuring the amount of retained hydrogen in the film and the mass density of the film. The hydrogen concentration of the co-deposited carbon film at the wall not facing to the plasma with a low temperature was extremely high, 1.3 in the atomic ratio of H/C. This value is triple times higher than the previous value obtained so far. The crystal structure of the co-deposited carbon film observed by Raman spectroscopy showed very unique structure （polymeric aC：H）, which is well consistent with the high hydrogen concentration. The present study suggests that the tritium concentration of the co-deposited film in ITER depends on the wall position and becomes quite high as high as T/C-0.65. The results obtained contribute to evaluate the in-vessel tritium inventory owing to the co-deposited carbon films.

Impact of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Amino Acids Composition of Macadamia Protein: Approached Using Cation-Exchange Chromatography

In the present context, the objective of this study was to synthesize and analyze the content of AA of macadamia protein and the impact of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) on AA composition. The determination of AA mainly by cation-exchange chromatography was also investigated. Reproducible and reliable techniques for quantification and identification of AA usually require derivatization. However, techniques such as AA analyzer are composed of cation-exchange chromatography and other components can sideline the derivatization with significant accuracy. The present analysis revealed a higher concentration of essential amino acids especially acidic AA, Glu and Asp and basic AA, Arg than other AA in macadamia protein. The study constitutes first report of use of bubble chart for evaluation of AA and explaination of AAS. The results may elaborate that the degradation of AA of macadamia protein for extraction of pH 11 is caused by the impact of pH. Moreover, the nutritional values of AA present in macadamia protein could change for the better by adjusting pH of extraction.

A procedure for design of hydrogen networks with multiple contaminants

It is necessary to reduce hydrogen consumption to meet increasingly strict environmental and product-quality regulations for refinery plants. In this paper, the concentration potential concepts proposed for design of water-using networks are extended to synthesis of hydrogen networks with multiple contaminants. In the design procedure, the precedence of processes is determined by the values of concentration potential of demands.The usage of complementary source pair(s) to reduce utility consumption is investigated. Three case studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that the design procedure has clear engineering meaning.

Calculation of hydrogen and helium concentrations for CSNS target

The China Spallation Neutron Source（CSNS） is driven by protons whose energies are about 1.6 GeV.At such high energies, the spallation neutrons lead to the formation of large amounts of helium, hydrogen and new heavier species in the form of transmutation products. These hydrogen, helium and transmutation products have a critical effect on the mechanical properties on the one hand and exacerbate the displacement radiation damage on the other hand. In this paper, the background hydrogen/helium concentrations and the maximum hydrogen/helium concentrations near cracks in a tungsten target for CSNS have been calculated at temperatures of 100 and 300 by applying a theoretical model. For the CSNS tungsten target plate, we find the maximum hydrogen concentration near the tips of cracks ranges from 3.0×10^（-2）–2×10^（-1）, which exceeds the hydrogen background concentration by 1.2–1.8 times; the maximum helium concentration near the tips of cracks ranges from 3.0×10^（-4）- 1.2×10^（-3）, which exceeds the helium background concentration by 2- 4 times; the maximum hydrogen/helium concentration increases with the increase of the transfer length across the surfaces of the target and it decreases with the increase of temperature.

Adherent properties of Helicobacter pylori to human epithelial cells *

AIM To study the properties and factors of Helicobacter pylori adherence to human epithelial cells. METHODS The adherent properties of human epithelial cells were studied by using a group of isolated H. pylori strains, anti H. pylori monoclonal antibodies and varied pH environment in in vitro adherence model with HEp 2 cell.

A non-invasive method for gastrointestinal parameter monitoring

AIM: To propose a new, non-invasive method for monitoring 24-h pressure, temperature and pH value in gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: The authors developed a miniature, multifunctional gastrointestinal monitoring system, which comprises a set of indigestible biotelemetry capsules and a data recorder.The capsule, after ingested by patients, could measure pressure, temperature and pH value in the gastrointestinal tract and transmit the data to the data recorder outside the body through a 434 MHz radio frequency data link. After the capsule passed out from the body, the data saved in the recorder were downloaded to a workstation via a special software for further analysis and comparison.RESULTS: Clinical experiments showed that the biotelemetry capsules could be swallowed by volunteers without any difficulties. The data recorder could receive the radio frequency signals transmitted by the biotelemetry in the body. The biotelemetry capsule could pass out from the body without difficulties. No discomfort was reported by any volunteer during the experiment. In vivo pressure and temperature data were acquired.CONCLUSION: A non-invasive method for monitoring 24-h gastrointestinal parameters was proposed and tested by the authors. The feasibility and functionality of this method are verified by laboratory tests and clinical experiments.

Application and Corollary of Stable Substances Distribution Equation

In this paper, the application of stable substance distribution equation (SSDE) of M-medium systems to calculation of E-pH diagrams is analysed. After applying SSDE to other thermodynamic systems, many useful results have been obtained. The SSDE is considered as the Foundation of Compiling Reasonably Computer Program.

HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN RAIN WATER

Continuous measurements of pH precipitation falling from cumulus clouds in semi-arid region (Colorado,USA),and in wet temperate zone(Bologna,Italy)were made.In Colorado the pH was constant at 7.3 for a period of time,and later changed to 7.0 and remained constant at this value during the remainder of the storm.In Italy the pH fluctuated continuously between the approximate values of 5.7 and 6.4 during the storm.The changes in hydrogen ion concentration reflect the chemical composition of cloud condensation nuclei and of scavenged aerosol particles and gases presented in the region.

Study of influence of hiatus hernia on gastroesophageal reflux

AIM To explore whether the presence of a sliding hiatus hernia influences gastroesophageal reflux.

Investigation on the Flotation Mechanism of Tantalite-Niobite Minerals with Styrenephosphonic Acid Collector

The flotability and mechanism of tantalite-niobite minerals which have different contents of Ta, Nb, Fe Mn using styrenephosphonic acid (SPA) were investigated. The optimum pH value in pulp is less than 5, flotability varies with the different contents of mineral, and flotability of minerals with higher Nb2O5 content is better than that with higher Ta2O5 content. In wide range of pH in solution, the Fe, Mn on the surface are the main active species for flotation. Research using Auger electron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy for determining surface conditions has been done. SPA interacts with Fe, Mn ions on the surface by a chemical bond force. On the outer layer of the collector, which is a non-uniform multilayer, adsorption of SPA on surface is both chemico-adsorption and physico-adsorption, but chemico-adsorption is dominant.

Comparative Evaluation of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Acidifier Calcium Formate on the Quail Digestive Tract

Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.