Catalytic ignition refers to phenomenon where sufficient energy is released from a catalytic reaction to maintain further reaction without additional external heating. This phenomenon is important in the development o...Catalytic ignition refers to phenomenon where sufficient energy is released from a catalytic reaction to maintain further reaction without additional external heating. This phenomenon is important in the development of catalytic combustion and catalytic partial oxidation processes, both of which have received extensive attention in recent years. In addition, catalytic ignition studies provide experimental data which can be used to test theoretical hydrocarbon oxidation models. For these reasons, catalytic ignition has been frequently studied. This review summarizes the experimental methods used to study catalytic ignition of light hydrocarbons and describes the experimental and theoretical results obtained related to catalytic ignition. The role of catalyst metal, fuel and fuel concentration, and catalyst state in catalytic ignition are examined, and some conclusions are drawn on the mechanism of catalytic ignition.展开更多
This paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner(PEHR).The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operatin...This paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner(PEHR).The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operating principle for hydrogen fuel cells to establish forced circulation of the hydrogen mixture as an alternative to natural circulation(as is not utilized in conventional passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners currently used in nuclear power plants(NPPs)).The proposed concept of applying the physical operation principles of a PEHR based on a fuel cell simultaneously increases both productivity in terms of recombined hydrogen and the concentration threshold of flameless operation(the‘ignition’limit).Thus,it is possible to reliably ensure the hydrogen explosion safety of NPPs under all conditions,including beyond-design accidents.An experimental setup was assembled to test a laboratory sample of a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)at various hydrogen concentrations near the catalytic surfaces of the electrodes,and the corresponding current–voltage characteristics were recorded.The simplest MEA based on the Advent P1100W PBI membrane demonstrated stable performance(delivery of electrical power)over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations.展开更多
TG-DTG and DTA determination indicated that ignition temperature of anthracite was lowered from 458℃ to 405℃ by addition of 10% catalyst Fe2O3.Based on the nature of anthracite ignition temperature,pyrolysis convers...TG-DTG and DTA determination indicated that ignition temperature of anthracite was lowered from 458℃ to 405℃ by addition of 10% catalyst Fe2O3.Based on the nature of anthracite ignition temperature,pyrolysis conversion and pyrolysis gas composition during the catalytic combustion were examined.The results showed that with Fe2O3 addition anthracite pyrolysis conversion was 3.0% at 405℃ and components with higher heating value increased in the pyrolysis gas.However,without Fe2O3 addition pyrolysis conversion was 1.8% at ignition temperature.It could be concluded that the heat from the homogeneous combustion of catalytic combustion was higher than that of non-catalytic combustion.TG-DTG indicated combustion conversion of 10 % at ignition.SEM images of chars indicated rough surface of char with plenty of small pores.BET of char from catalytic combustion was 170 m2·g-1 while BET of char from non-catalytic combustion was only 128 m2·g-1,which could be the main reason for lowering ignition temperature.The results from oxygen adsorption experiment showed increased oxygen content of coal with catalyst addition,which caused faster oxygen adsorption at a lower temperature and shortened the time to get required oxygen concentration and heat accumulation for ignition,thus the ignition temperature was lowered.展开更多
文摘Catalytic ignition refers to phenomenon where sufficient energy is released from a catalytic reaction to maintain further reaction without additional external heating. This phenomenon is important in the development of catalytic combustion and catalytic partial oxidation processes, both of which have received extensive attention in recent years. In addition, catalytic ignition studies provide experimental data which can be used to test theoretical hydrocarbon oxidation models. For these reasons, catalytic ignition has been frequently studied. This review summarizes the experimental methods used to study catalytic ignition of light hydrocarbons and describes the experimental and theoretical results obtained related to catalytic ignition. The role of catalyst metal, fuel and fuel concentration, and catalyst state in catalytic ignition are examined, and some conclusions are drawn on the mechanism of catalytic ignition.
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文摘This paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner(PEHR).The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operating principle for hydrogen fuel cells to establish forced circulation of the hydrogen mixture as an alternative to natural circulation(as is not utilized in conventional passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners currently used in nuclear power plants(NPPs)).The proposed concept of applying the physical operation principles of a PEHR based on a fuel cell simultaneously increases both productivity in terms of recombined hydrogen and the concentration threshold of flameless operation(the‘ignition’limit).Thus,it is possible to reliably ensure the hydrogen explosion safety of NPPs under all conditions,including beyond-design accidents.An experimental setup was assembled to test a laboratory sample of a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)at various hydrogen concentrations near the catalytic surfaces of the electrodes,and the corresponding current–voltage characteristics were recorded.The simplest MEA based on the Advent P1100W PBI membrane demonstrated stable performance(delivery of electrical power)over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations.
文摘TG-DTG and DTA determination indicated that ignition temperature of anthracite was lowered from 458℃ to 405℃ by addition of 10% catalyst Fe2O3.Based on the nature of anthracite ignition temperature,pyrolysis conversion and pyrolysis gas composition during the catalytic combustion were examined.The results showed that with Fe2O3 addition anthracite pyrolysis conversion was 3.0% at 405℃ and components with higher heating value increased in the pyrolysis gas.However,without Fe2O3 addition pyrolysis conversion was 1.8% at ignition temperature.It could be concluded that the heat from the homogeneous combustion of catalytic combustion was higher than that of non-catalytic combustion.TG-DTG indicated combustion conversion of 10 % at ignition.SEM images of chars indicated rough surface of char with plenty of small pores.BET of char from catalytic combustion was 170 m2·g-1 while BET of char from non-catalytic combustion was only 128 m2·g-1,which could be the main reason for lowering ignition temperature.The results from oxygen adsorption experiment showed increased oxygen content of coal with catalyst addition,which caused faster oxygen adsorption at a lower temperature and shortened the time to get required oxygen concentration and heat accumulation for ignition,thus the ignition temperature was lowered.
