Effect of high-protein peptide-based formula compared with isocaloric isonitrogenous polymeric formula in critically ill surgical patient

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients,and it is associated with an increased risk of complications.Early enteral nutrition with adequate caloric and protein intake is critical nevertheless it is difficult to achieve.Peptide-based formulas have been shown to be beneficial in patients with feeding intolerance.However,there are limited studies showing the efficacy and safety of high-protein peptide-based formula in critically ill surgical patients.AIM To determine the effects of a high-protein peptide formulation on gastrointestinal tolerance,nutritional status,biochemical changes,and adverse events in patients in the surgery intensive care unit(SICU)compared to an isocaloric isonitrogenous standard polymeric formulation.METHODS This study was a multi-center double-blind,randomized controlled trial.We enrolled adult patients in the surgical intensive care unit,age≥15 years and expected to receive enteral feeding for at least 5-14 d post-operation.They were randomly assigned to receive either the high-protein peptide-based formula or the isocaloric isonitrogenous standard formula for 14 d.Gastric residual volume(GRV),nutritional status,body composition and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and on days 3,5,7,9,11,and 14.RESULTS A total of 19 patients were enrolled,9 patients in the peptide-based formula group and 10 patients in the standard formula group.During the study period,there were no differences of the average GRV,body weight,body composition,nutritional status and biochemical parameters in the patients receiving peptide-based formula,compared to the standard regimen.However,participants in the standard formula lost their body weight,body mass index(BMI)and skeletal muscle mass significantly.While body weight,BMI and muscle mass were maintained in the peptide-based formula,from baseline to day 14.Moreover,the participants in the peptide-based formula tended to reach their caloric target faster than the standard formula.CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the importance of early nutritional support in the SICU and showed the efficacy and safety of a high-protein,peptide-based formula in meeting caloric and protein intake targets while maintaining body weight and muscle mass.

Study on Application of Polyenzyme Method to Offal of Harengula zunasi

The new polyenzyme method for making gravy from Harengula zunasi offal involves protein enzymolysis with flavorase after proper alkaline and neutral protease levels were established by orthogonal trials to select the best hydrolytic conditions for processing offal with alkaline and neutral protease. The conditions for the polyenzyme method were pH of 7.0, temperature of 50℃, alkaline and neutral protease concentration of 1.5% respectively, hydrolysis time of 120 min, and flavorase concentration of 2.0%, for 60 min. The new gravy making technology yields a nutritious and delicious gravy containing 40.3% of total essential amino acids, with delicious amino acids Glu, Asp, Gly, Ala, Pro and Ser comprising 49.5%, total and amino nitrogen being respectively 1.9 and 1.1 g/100 g (amino acid nitrogen being 61.0% of total nitrogen), The polyenzyme method was used to make 14.8% protein gravy from Harengula zunasi offal. In addition, in inorganic elements, the phosphorus content is the highest.

Production of whey protein hydrolyzates and its incorporation into milk

Whey proteins provide an excellent source of low-molecular-weight bioactive peptides with important functional properties and bioactivities like antihypertensive,opioid,and antimicrobial effects.Presence of peptide molecules with lower molecular weight has a great role in food for health promotion.In this investigation,the release of low-molecular-weight peptides from whey protein concentrate was attempted by using enzymatic digestion.The hydrolyzate was then incorporated into milk to obtain enriched milk(EM)with low-molecular-weight peptides.Based on sensory analysis of EM,electrophoretic and RP-HPLC studies,hydrolyzates of 10%protein(degree of hydrolysis 5%;enzyme/substrate E/S,1:50)were finally incorporated into milk at 20%(v/v)to develop an acceptable product enriched with low-molecular-weight peptides.EM had higher protein content,viscosity and emulsifying properties than control milk with 3%fat.It is recommended that EM should not be sterilized as it results in coagulation,but can be safely pasteurized and spray dried without any undesirable effects.Maximum ACE-inhibition activity was obtained in hydrolyzate,followed by EM.This study is expected to boost the opportunity for the dairy industry to venture further into the nutraceutical dairy market.