Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China

Phosphorus（P） is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment（started 1980） to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen（N） and potassium（K）, only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including： C0（control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure）, CNK treatment（mineral N and K only）, CNPK（balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K）, MNK（integrated organic manure and mineral N and K）, and MNPK（organic manure plus balanced fertilization）. The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P（TP） and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg^（–1）, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.

Determination of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value and emulsion properties of sacha inchi oil

Objective: To determine hydrophilic–lipophilic balance(HLB) value, stability of formulate emulsion and properties of sacha inchi oil.Methods: The physiochemical characteristics of sacha inchi oil were first investigated.Free radical scavenging property was studied by DPPH assay. HLB value of sacha inchi oil was experimentally determined by preparing the emulsion using emulsifiers at different HLB value. Sacha inchi oil emulsion was prepared using the obtained HLB and its stability was conducted by centrifugation, temperature cycling, and accelerated stability test. The efficiency of the prepared emulsion was clinically investigated by 15 volunteers. The primary skin irritation was performed using closed patch test. Subjective sensory assessment was evaluated by using 5-point hedonic scale method.Results: Peroxide value of sacha inchi oil was 18.40 meq O2/kg oil and acid value was1.86 KOH/g oil. The major fatty acids are omega-3(44%), omega-6(35%) and omega-9(9%). The vitamin E content was 226 mg/100 g oil. Moreover, sacha inchi oil(167 ppm)and its emulsion showed 85% and 89% DPPH inhibition, respectively. The experimental HLB value of sacha inchi oil was 8.5. The sacha inchi oil emulsion exhibited good stability after stability test. The emulsion was classified as non-irritant after tested by primary skin irritation method. The skin hydration value significantly increased from38.59 to 45.21(P < 0.05) after applying sacha inchi oil emulsion for 1 month and the overall product satisfaction of volunteers after use was with score of 4.2.Conclusions: This work provides information on HLB value and emulsion properties of sacha inchi oil which is useful for cosmetic and pharmaceutical application.

Balancing Industrial Competitiveness with Regional Value Requires Policy Wisdom

Industrial competitiveness and regional value are fundamentally consistent yet different in that the former relates to businesses while the latter is concerned with households(regional employment,taxes and the environment).In a market-based economy,most enterprises are able to'vote with their feet'and move to regions that are favorable to them.For a region,enterprises contribute to regional value only when they set

Improving convergence of incremental harmonic balance method using homotopy analysis method

We have deduced incremental harmonic balance an iteration scheme in the （IHB） method using the harmonic balance plus the Newton-Raphson method. Since the convergence of the iteration is dependent upon the initial values in the iteration, the convergent region is greatly restricted for some cases. In this contribution, in order to enlarge the convergent region of the IHB method, we constructed the zeroth-order deformation equation using the homotopy analysis method, in which the IHB method is employed to solve the deformation equation with an embedding parameter as the active increment. Taking the Duffing and the van der Pol equations as examples, we obtained the highly accurate solutions. Importantly, the presented approach renders a convenient way to control and adjust the convergence.

Research on goal-setting method of rock drivage based on the balance among period, cost and quality

On the basis of the analysis on the disadvantages of the original goal-setting about rock drivage, this paper defined the ＂life cycle quality＂. With project management theory and the Cobb-Douglas function, ＂quality-cost and quality-price curve model＂ and the ＂total cost-period prediction model＂ were built. Then the goal-setting method of the balance among quality, cost and period of rock drivage was constructed by finding ＂life cycle cost＂ through ＂life cycle quality＂ using ＂quality-cost and quality-price curve model＂ and ensuring period through ＂life cycle cost＂ using ＂total cost-period prediction model＂ （hereinafter referred to as the ＂three goals balance method＂）. ＂Value contribution＂ which is the value of the contribution to a mine because of rock drivage, was found in the process of constructing the ＂quality-cost and quality-price curve model＂. An industrial test was done in coal mine A with the research results, staff footage efficiency improved by 24.24%, the period shortened by 14.3%, the ＂life cycle cost＂ dropped by 2.09%, the ＂life cycle quality price＂ improved by 3.29%, and value contribution increased by 25.3%. The result shows that the new goal method setting on the basis of coal mine profit maximization can ensure construc- tion period. At the same time, it can realize cost and quality objectives and the optimization and balance of relationship among them; rewarding excavation teams by ＂value contribution＂ can combine organizational goal with personal goal, it significantly raise the employee＇s work efficiency.

RIGOROUS ESTIMATES ON BALANCE LAWS IN BOUNDED DOMAINS

The initial-boundary value problem for a general balance law in a bounded domain is proved to be well posed. Indeed, we show the existence of an entropy solution, its uniqueness and its Lipschitz continuity as a function of time, of the initial datum and of the boundary datum. The proof follows the general lines in [4], striving to provide a rigorous treatment and detailed references.

Load-Balance Policy in Two Level-Cluster File System

In this paper, we explored a load-balancing algorithm in a cluster file system contains two levels of metadata-server, primary-level server quickly distributestasks to second-level servers depending on the closest load-balancing information. At the same time, we explored a method which accurately reflect I/O traffic and storage of storage-node： computing the heat-value of file, according to which we realized a more logical storage allocation. According to the experiment result, we conclude that this new algorithm shortens the executing time of tasks and improves the system performance compared with other load algorithm.

Approximately-Balanced Drilling in Daqing Oilfield

The Daqing oilfield is a multilayered heterogeneous oil field where the pressure are different in the same vertical profile causing many troubles to the adjustment well drillings. The approximately-balanced drilling technique has been developed and proved to be efficient and successful in Daqing oilfield. This paper discusses the application of approximately-balanced drilling technique under the condition of multilayered pressure in Daqing oilfield, including the prediction of formation pressure, the pressure discharge technique for the drilling well and the control of the density of drilling fluid.

我国健身服务业高质量发展的推进路径——基于供需平衡理论

健身服务业作为体育产业的重要组成部分,基于其潜在的市场考验和广阔的发展前景,本文采用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等方法,分析供需平衡理论框架下健身服务业高质量发展的宏观形态。从健身服务市场主体发展态势看,我国传统健身服务市场主体虽已发展成熟,但存在盈利模式单一、价值增值能力弱、供需错位以及结构失衡等诸多问题;从健身服务市场客体看,我国消费出现有效需求转化、广泛人群需要层次提升、潜在消费人口发展、消费理性预期改善、消费内容空间扩大等变化。因此,必须形成“三位一体”,即政策、供给、需求的健身服务经济价值新路径,以推进健身服务业高质量发展。

价值均衡视角下宅基地使用权继承纠纷的裁判规则构建

现阶段宅基地使用权继承纠纷解决存在司法处理态度不一、缺少统一立法规范的实践困境。根本原因在于宅基地使用权兼具身份价值和财产价值,而现有纠纷处理模式不能达成两种价值取向的均衡。鉴于此,建议适用“身份资格—房地关系”双重标准的限制继承规则作为司法裁判指引,同时明确“三权分置”背景下宅基地使用权的成员权内涵,以填补双重标准裁判规则的理论漏洞,消解新规则的内在矛盾。

新增医疗服务价格项目管理政策回顾、实施难点及建议

比较各地新增医疗服务价格项目管理方案和主要做法,发现各地新增价格项目受理未区分难度、消耗和缓急,未明确绿色通道和加收情形;新增价格项目将耗材打包收费,难以客观体现技术劳务与设备物耗贡献;新增医疗服务价格项目要素不统一,影响区域间医院价格管理效果评价;新增价格项目成本测算表构成与计算口径各异,影响区域间数据的比较;价格政策执行情况检查结果与新增价格项目管理之间缺乏有效协同衔接。建议整合现行政策文件,出台国家新增医疗服务价格项目管理指导意见;公立医院要响应临床需求,加强新增价格项目申报、成本测算、执行情况管理,促进医疗技术创新发展和临床应用。

6种平衡型复方氨基酸注射液合成人体蛋白质营养价值的研究

目的:通过对临床常用的6个品种平衡型复方氨基酸注射液(BCAA)18AA(250 mL:12.5 g)、18AA-I(250 mL:17.5 g)、18AA-II(250 mL:21.25 g)、18AA-IV(250 mL:8.7 g)、18AA-V(250 mL:8.06 g)、18AA-V-SF(250 mL:8.06 g)营养价值的研究,为医院药品遴选和临床合理选药提供参考。方法:依据全鸡蛋蛋白模式,对6个品种BCAA必需氨基酸(EAA)第一限制氨基酸化学评分(CS)值、总EAA综合质量(包括必需氨基酸指数、与标准蛋白的贴近度)2个方面评价其营养价值。结果:第一限制氨基酸CS值由高到低为:18AA-II>18AA>18AA-V=18AAV-SF>18AA-I=18AA-IV。总EAA综合质量:必需氨基酸指数由高到低为:18AA-II>18AA>18AA-I>18AA-IV>18AA-V=18AA-V-SF。与全鸡蛋蛋白的贴近度由高到低为:18AA-II=18AA=18AA-I>18AA-IV>18AA-V=18AA-VSF;最终,6个品种BCAA的营养价值由高到低:18AA-II>18AA>18AA-I>18AA-IV>18AA-V=18AA-V-SF。结论:6个品种BCAA中,18AA-II营养价值最高、相同液体量氨基酸含量最高,是肝肾功能正常病人的首选药物。

基于双层极值法的储能系统锂离子电池均衡实验设计

储能系统初始参数和运行环境的差异性,会导致电池单体荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的不一致性,降低储能系统能量利用率。为解决上述问题,设计了基于双层极值法的锂离子电池均衡实验。采用耦合电感与Flyback变换器搭建均衡系统双层架构,建立电池组端电压、均衡电流及占空比间的关联特性;以储能电池端电压作为均衡目标,提出基于双层极值法的锂离子电池快速均衡方法;搭建电池均衡实验教学平台,设计充放电及静置均衡实验,通过仿真分析和实验数据验证所提方法的有效性。该教学实验将理论知识、实验操作及数据分析相结合,有助于提升电气工程专业相关课程实验的质量和效果。

商品房消费者执行异议的规则适用——基于最高人民法院裁判分歧的分析与展开

我国实定法优先保护商品房消费者的权利,但基于生存权的考量,这一规则不会导致实践中相冲突利益间的严重失衡。为稳定交易预期,这一规则的适用应予严格把握:首先,只要具备商品房买卖合同必要条款的书面合同均可被认定为“买卖合同”;其次,商住两用房、车位等不动产只要满足当事人及其配偶、未成年子女或其监护人的居住需要,则在保护范围之内;再次,买受人尚须证明已实际支付不动产买卖价金。另外,为提供高效完整的权利保护体系,商品房消费者在排除申请人对不动产的执行后,可以选择继续履行合同,亦可选择参与拍卖不动产的价金分配,如商品房消费者不能继续履行合同,债权人可再次提起诉讼,以争议标的实现债权。

“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度的提出与规范建构

研究目的:证成“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,并进行规范建构。研究方法:规范分析法、比较分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)空间公平正义价值观下,“税费”式自然生态空间有偿使用制度有利于保护自然生态空间,一定程度上衡平了自然生态空间利益。因忽视自然生态空间安全价值,该制度在自然生态空间利益全面保护方面仍面临主体涵盖不全、利益混同、补偿滞后以及救济偏离诉求目标等困境。(2)受生态安全价值观影响,自然生态空间利益衡平的理念由“损害最小化”转向“零耗损”。研究结论:应推行“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,与资源税费制度并行,与生态补偿、碳汇交易等制度协同,保障自然生态空间安全,全面衡平自然生态空间利益。具体制度建构中,应秉持权力制约与权益保障的理念,厘清生态券的法律属性,发掘生态券有偿使用方式下的权力与权利规范;明确自然生态空间占用权,确认与合理配置自然生态空间利益;设定对价支付自然生态空间占用的具体义务,明晰权利的边界;加强“生态券”交易市场的培育与落实,健全制度运行的关键程序。

能量天平中砝码真空传递装置设计研究

能量天平是我国自主研制的千克量子化复现装置,千克重新定义后如何实现基于能量天平的质量量值传递就显得尤为重要。然而,能量天平在质量量值传递过程中存在标准砝码暴露于空气环境中影响量值传递准确性的问题。为了解决该问题,基于能量天平结构特点,设计提出一种组合式砝码传递方案,并研制出对应的砝码真空传递装置,能够实现标准砝码在真空环境下从能量天平传递至真空容器,确保质量量值传递的准确性。然后,根据能量天平悬挂系统建立了传递装置传递准确性模型,并基于该模型得到了砝码传递x、y轴的传递误差分别为0.0116μm、0.0092μm,论证了砝码传递过程的准确性。最后通过实验验证了砝码真空传递装置给能量天平引入小于10-9量级的准直误差,不会影响能量天平精密准直状态。

山江海耦合关键带生态系统服务价值时空变化及其权衡研究

[目的]量化和分析山江海耦合关键带生态系统服务价值及时空变化,有助于深入了解其生态系统服务现状,进而阐明山江海耦合关键带生态服务之间的权衡/协同关系,对提高生态系统服务之间相互作用的认识,促进区域全面可持续发展和生态环境保护与修复具有重要意义。[方法]基于1990—2020年7期土地利用数据及结合修订后的当量因子表,运用网格法、地理加权回归等方法分析了山江海耦合关键带1990—2020年ESV时空变化和各项生态系统服务相互关系及其空间分异特征。[结果]1990—2020年山江海耦合关键带总ESV从788.55亿元增加至792.30亿元,增幅为0.48%,林地、耕地、水域地类ESV较高,为区内总ESV主要贡献因子,建设用地ESV较低,ESV在空间上呈现从西北向东南降低的趋势;1990—2020年各项生态系统服务相互关系以协同关系为主,约占85.45%,其中权衡高值区主要分布在山江海耦合关键带中部及南部地区,低值区主要分布在百色市喀斯特山区;协同低值区主要分布在人口密集、人类活动频繁、经济较为发达的市县级城区及沿海地区。[结论]1990—2020年山江海耦合关键带生态系统服务整体协调且保持动态平衡,食物生产活动会影响其他生态服务的能力,未来地方应严格把控生产活动开发边界,注重对生产地区的环境保护与修复。

多基色显示系统基色亮度求解及讨论

为了进一步提升显示系统的颜色显示能力,并解决三基色显示系统理论对多基色显示系统不兼容的问题,采用参数不等式的方法进行了理论分析,基于多基色显示系统和三基色显示系统的差异,求解出多基色显示系统的峰值亮度所对应的解空间,从理论上推导了多基色显示系统中基色峰值亮度的设置,并对解空间的等价性和完备性进行了模拟实验验证。结果表明,四基色、五基色和六基色激光显示系统对应的理论最大色域体积分别是2185100,2258400和2395800。该方案对多基色显示系统的理论模拟具有重要的指导意义。

面向生态价值空间平衡的“生态券”理论解析与交易机制研究:以江阴为例

随着生态文明建设的持续深化,生态产品价值实现日益成为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的有形抓手。为探究生态产品价值可持续提升的有效路径,通过构建以“生态券”为载体的生态指标交易机制,探讨多元主体参与下生态价值与发展空间之间的平衡关系。结果表明:(1)“生态券”是生态空间占补平衡市场化交易的媒介,可基于生态系统服务功能价值核算得到,具有可交易、可考核的基本特性;(2)“生态券”交易是多元空间价值平衡的实践探索,不同利益主体通过市场化交易方式,最终实现土地资源空间优化配置;(3)“生态券”运行机制包括产生、核发、交易、使用、管理等环节,涉及行政主管方、销售方和购买方等市场主体以及中介经济机构等。建议从供给和需求角度明确分工协作制度,基于政策法规、技术规范和监督管理体系构建“生态券”运行保障机制。研究结果将为丰富生态产品价值实现路径和推动生态经济健康发展提供参考。

权利束视角下体育赛事转播权数据财产权说的补正、型构与平衡——基于新《体育法》第52条第2款的制度解释

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,阐释体育赛事转播权数据财产权说的证成及不足,对引入权利束理论的必要性、可行性及功能展开路径进行学理分析。研究发现,数据财产权说为体育赛事转播权的权属界定、请求权基础规范的确定提供了思路,但仍存在以下不足:忽略了新《体育法》第52条第2款所规定的体育赛事转播权存在多个主体的可能;未能实现对体育赛事转播权的积极权能构造;可能加剧体育赛事组织者对体育赛事数据的绝对垄断和独占。对此,权利束理论作为分析方法,能够解释体育赛事转播链条上多元主体权利交织的现象,更弹性地认识和描述不同的权利主张,阐明权利冲突后价值顺位的确定依据。同时,鉴于体育赛事转播权利束存在束点,且具备财产权的利益性、享有性和排他性,因而权利束的功能展开具备可行性。据此,探索其功能展开路径:弥合既有研究成果与新《体育法》相关条款的脱节;厘清体育赛事转播权的积极权能构造;实现体育赛事转播权链条上多元主体间的利益衡平。