On the basis of cooperative research with European professionals, problems relating to environmental and ecological protection were discussed while small hydropower development in China currently was introduced in thi...On the basis of cooperative research with European professionals, problems relating to environmental and ecological protection were discussed while small hydropower development in China currently was introduced in this paper. Guidelines of small hydropower development dealing with environmental protection were sug- gested hereby. Various specific technical environmental solutions focusing on small hydropower development applied in European and other developed countries were also introduced in this paper. Main environmental solutions are discussed as follows： integrated design should be advocated during plan/design stage,＂ ecohydraulic engineering and its utilization in SHP design and construction; effective technical approaches to relieve and eliminate the impact of river interception and fix the reasonable minimum biological flow; environment-friendly mitigation and compensation measures for high/low-head hydropower schemes applied in diversion works, intake, nature-like fish-passes, penstock and powerhouse design; study and application of the new technology, material and equipments; launching renovation of environmental protection in existing stations; emphasiz- ing public participation and their acceptability for the SHP environment; coordinated inter-disciplinary study at national level, etc. Two case studies in Sweden and Australia are given here.展开更多
According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real ＂Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita＂. It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowad...According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real ＂Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita＂. It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowadays, having an important unexploited hydropower potential of several TWh and thousands of MW. The second goal is to present the results of rediscovering the old screw pumps and the always-modern Archimedean cochlear screw ideas as a series of soft hydropower turbines with inclined axis rotors and floating spiral screw devices. By following the similarity methodology, a few small-scale models of cochlear rotors were designed, developed and tested in an Armfield hydraulic channel. The conventional and unconventional, low or zero-head screw turbines, could efficiently harness the important and unexploited Greek small potential and kinetic hydraulic energy of all the natural watercourses, the man-made open urban or rural channels and the most important tidal or sea currents, producing useful green electricity. The very promising low-head hydropower inventory of Greece, the preliminary experimental results and the research studies of cochlear projects in watercourses, hydraulic works, tidal conditions of Euripus Strait and in the mysterious ＂Sea River Current of Cephalonia＂, seems to give a good answer to the question ＂Quo Vadis Archimedes nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？＂.展开更多
文摘On the basis of cooperative research with European professionals, problems relating to environmental and ecological protection were discussed while small hydropower development in China currently was introduced in this paper. Guidelines of small hydropower development dealing with environmental protection were sug- gested hereby. Various specific technical environmental solutions focusing on small hydropower development applied in European and other developed countries were also introduced in this paper. Main environmental solutions are discussed as follows： integrated design should be advocated during plan/design stage,＂ ecohydraulic engineering and its utilization in SHP design and construction; effective technical approaches to relieve and eliminate the impact of river interception and fix the reasonable minimum biological flow; environment-friendly mitigation and compensation measures for high/low-head hydropower schemes applied in diversion works, intake, nature-like fish-passes, penstock and powerhouse design; study and application of the new technology, material and equipments; launching renovation of environmental protection in existing stations; emphasiz- ing public participation and their acceptability for the SHP environment; coordinated inter-disciplinary study at national level, etc. Two case studies in Sweden and Australia are given here.
文摘According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real ＂Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita＂. It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowadays, having an important unexploited hydropower potential of several TWh and thousands of MW. The second goal is to present the results of rediscovering the old screw pumps and the always-modern Archimedean cochlear screw ideas as a series of soft hydropower turbines with inclined axis rotors and floating spiral screw devices. By following the similarity methodology, a few small-scale models of cochlear rotors were designed, developed and tested in an Armfield hydraulic channel. The conventional and unconventional, low or zero-head screw turbines, could efficiently harness the important and unexploited Greek small potential and kinetic hydraulic energy of all the natural watercourses, the man-made open urban or rural channels and the most important tidal or sea currents, producing useful green electricity. The very promising low-head hydropower inventory of Greece, the preliminary experimental results and the research studies of cochlear projects in watercourses, hydraulic works, tidal conditions of Euripus Strait and in the mysterious ＂Sea River Current of Cephalonia＂, seems to give a good answer to the question ＂Quo Vadis Archimedes nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？＂.
