Effects of Zr/Ti molar ratio in SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_(2-)TiO_2 calcined at different temperatures on its surface properties and glucose reactivity in near-critical methanol

Effects of Zr/Ti molar ratio in SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 solid acid catalyst calcined at different temperatures on its surface properties and catalytic activity were thoroughly investigated in this paper. The physicochemical characteristics of prepared samples were determined by N2 adsorptiondesorption, XRD, NH3-TPD and XPS techniques, respectively. It was found that the crystallization temperature of the samples increased after the combination of ZrO2 and TiO2; and phase transformations from the anatase to the rutile of TiO2 species and the tetragonal to the monoclinic of ZrO2 species were effectively suppressed at higher temperature. The sample with a Zr/Ti molar ratio of 3/1 calcined at 450℃ showed the highest surface area and the most acid sites among all the tested samples. The acid site densities of samples were relatively closed to each other if they were calcined at the same temperature, however, decreased with the calcination temperature. The result indicates that the sulfur content in samples is a crucial factor to control the acid site density. Calcining the sample at 650℃ and higher temperatures resulted in a significant desorption of sulfate ion on the samples. The synthesized samples were evaluated as a potential catalyst for glucose conversion under the near-critical methanol conditions （200℃/4 MPa）. The results suggested that the relatively weaker acid sites of the catalyst were more favorable for the accumulation of methyl glucosides, while the moderate acid sites were responsible for the formation of methyl levulinate. The catalytic activity for methyl levulinate production almost increases linearly with the catalyst acid site density. The catalyst deactivation is due to the loss of sulfate ion and the two catalysts with Zr/Ti molar ratios of 3/1 and 1/3 could effectively alleviate the deactivation caused by sulfate solution in the reaction medium and can be reused after calcination with the reuse rate of over 90% in terms of the methyl levulinate selectivity.

Effects of XUEZHIKANG on Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein,C - Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen in Unstable Angina Pectoris Patients

Objectives To study the effects of XUEZHIKANG on lipid modulating and the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OX - LDL), C -reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen(FIB) in serum. Methods XUEZHIKANG was given to patients with unstable angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia at a dose of 0. 6 gram bid for 2 months and with half -dose for another 2 months. Vitamin E was given to unstable angina pectoris patients with normal lipid at the dose of 0. 1 gram bid for 4 months respectively. Then compared the level of lipid and OX - LDfL, CRP, FIB in serum at beginning, first - month and second -month. Results XUEZHIKANG can reduce the serum level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in 1 month , and gained better effect in 2 months. It can also reduce triglyceride and increase high density lipoprotein in 2 months. Compared with vitamin E XUEZHIKANG can reduce the level of OX - LDL, CRP, FIB significantly after treatment for 2 months. Conclusions XUEZHIKANG has significant effect in lipid modulating , and it can also inhibit the development of inflammation in coronary plaque.

Non-isothermal oxidation of coal with Ce(NO3)3 and Cu(NO3)2 additives

Non-isothermal oxidation of brown coal with 5 wt% of Cu(NO3)2, 5 wt% of Ce(NO3)3 and {2.5 wt% Cu(NO3)2 + 2.5 wt% Ce(NO3)3} additives was studied. The introduction of additives was carried out by an incipient wet impregnation method to ensure uniform distribution of cerium and copper nitrates within the structure of coal powdery samples (according to SEM and EDX mapping). The samples reactivity was studied in an isothermal oxidation regime at 200 °C (1 h) and by DSC/TGA at 2.5 °C/min heating rate. The additives implementation was found to reduce significantly the oxidation onset temperature (△Ti = 20-55 °C), the samples oxidation delay time (△ti= 2-22 min) and overall duration of the oxidation process (△tc = 8-16 min). The additives efficiency could be graded in accordance with the activation on the coal oxidation in the following row: Cu(NO3)2 >{Cu(NO3)2 + Ce(NO3)3}> Ce(NO3)3. According to the mass spectroscopy, the obtained row of activation correlates well with the initial temperature of the studied nitrate's decomposition (from 190 to 223 °C). A presence of nitrates was found to change significantly the trend of heat release taking place during the oxidation of coal samples (according to DSC/TGA data). The influence of coal morphology and volatiles concern in initial sample on the parameters of the oxidation process was studied as well. Activation energy (Ea) of the coal oxidation was calculated using Coats-Redfern method. Maximum decrease in Ea from 69 to 58 kJ/mol was observed for the samples with Cu(NO3)2. Graphical abstract.

Reactive Ion Etching of GaAs,GaSb,InP and InAs in Cl_2/Ar Plasma

Reactive ion etching characteristics of GaAs,GaSb,InP and InAs using Cl2/Ar plasma have been investigated,it is that,etching rates and etching profiles as functions of etching time,gas flow ratio and RF power.Etch rates of above 0.45 μm/min and 1.2 μm/min have been obtained in etching of GaAs and GaSb respectively, while very slow etch rates （<40 nm/min） were observed in etching of In-containing materials,which were linearly increased with the applied RF power.Etched surfaces have remained smooth over a wide range of plasma conditions in the etching of GaAs,InP and InAs,however,were partly blackened in etching of GaSb due to a rough appearance.

Properties of Novel Reactive Transfer Printing of Silk

The novel reactive transfer printing of silk was carried out through a hot-press adhesion and steaming. The special transfer paper was prepared by coating the paste mainly containing hot-melt adhesive hlgh-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose （H-HPC） and printing thickener earboxymethyl cellulose （CMC）. The effects of each ingredient in the paste on color yield of the prints and dye penetration were investigated. The major results indicate that, color yield is chiefly governed by the adhesion extent imparted by H-HPC, the type of fixing alkaline agent, and the content of urea. Trichloroacetic acid （TCAA） as the fixing alkaline agent and adding 5% urea can enhance the color depth obviously. Dye penetration depends on the coating quantity on the transfer paper, the contents of urea and dicyandiamide. The printed silk possesses a higher color yield, color fastness of grade 3 or above, clear sharpness, and good handle when the paste contains 3 % H-HPC, 0. 7 % CMC, 3 % TCAA, 5 % urea, 3 % dicyandiamide, and 0. 5 % physical sorbent nano-silica.

二甲双胍联合补虚活血方治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及对血清CRP、IL-6、血清尿酸影响的研究

目的探究二甲双胍联合补虚活血方治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及对血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血清尿酸的影响。方法选择2014年8月-2016年8月收治的120例2型糖尿病患者,随机分为两组,每组60例。对照组采用二甲双胍治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上联合补虚活血方治疗,1个月后对比两组疗效及对血清CRP、IL-6、血清尿酸的影响。结果与治疗前比较,两组空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)及餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)均降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后FPG及Hb Alc水平降低更显著(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组血清CRP、IL-6及血清尿酸水平均降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后血清CRP、IL-6及血清尿酸水平降低更显著(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组不良反应发生率并未增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论二甲双胍联合补虚活血方治疗2型糖尿病患者能很好地控制血糖水平,改善相关代谢指标及炎症反应,且不良反应少,临床应用安全、有效。

Correlation between serum PCT, IL-6 and CRP levels and pulmonary ventilation function in AECOPD patients

Objective: To investigate the correlation of serum calcitonin (PCT), interleukin -6 (IL-6), C reactive protein (CRP) and pulmonary ventilation function in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: 70 patients with AECOPD in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2018 were selected to be included in the case group, and 70 healthy persons in the same period were selected as the control group. The serum levels of PCT, IL-6, CRP and lung function were compared between the two groups, and the relationship between the serum levels of PCT, IL-6 and CRP and the pulmonary ventilation function of the patients was analyzed. Results: the levels of PCT, IL-6 and CRP in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEV1% in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the difference of PCT, IL-6 and CRP was significant between the patients with different pulmonary function levels, and the statistics were statistically significant. The study significance (P < 0.05), and the level of PCT, IL-6 and CRP increased gradually with the increase of lung function grade, and the level of PCT, IL-6 and CRP in AECOPD patients were negatively correlated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEV1%, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the serum levels of PCT, IL-6 and CRP in patients with AECOPD are abnormal increased and are closely related to the pulmonary ventilation function of the patients, which can be used as an important indicator of the monitoring of the patient's condition in AECOPD.

Regulation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels suppresses the toxic effects of amyloid-beta peptide(25-35)

In this study, we treated PC12 cells with 0-20 μM amyloid-β peptide （25-35） for 24 hours to induce cytotoxicity, and found that 5-20 μM amyloid-β peptide （25-35） decreased PC12 cell viability, but adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel activator diazoxide suppressed the decrease in PC12 cell viability induced by amyloid-β peptide （25-35）. Diazoxide protected PC12 cells against amyloid-β peptide （25-35）-induced increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. These protective effects were reversed by the selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate. An inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine, also protected PC12 cells from amyloid-β peptide （25-35）-induced increases in both mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. However, the H202-degrading enzyme catalase could not reverse the amyloid-β peptide （25-35）-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. A 24-hour exposure to amyloid-13 peptide （25-35） did not result in apoptosis or necrosis, suggesting that the increases in both mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species levels preceded cell death. The data suggest that amyloid-β peptide （25-35） cytotoxicity is associated with adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and nitric oxide. Regulation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels suppresses PC12 cell cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-β peptide （25-35）.

Synthesis and Characterization of trans-1,4-Butadiene/Isoprene Copolymers: Determination of Monomer Reactivity Ratios and Temperature Dependence

A series of trans-1,4-butadiene/isoprene copolymers were prepared using the catalyst system TiCl4/MgCl2-Al（i- Bu）3 with bulk precipitation technology at different temperatures. Monomers reactivity ratios were calculated based on the Kelen-Tiid6s （K-T） method and the Mao-Huglin （M-H） method. The influence of temperature on copolymer composition and polymerization rate was discussed in detail. The increase of reaction temperature brought the decrease of butadiene reactivity ratio rBd and supplied an effective adjustment on copolymers＇ composition distribution.

Alkali-activation reactivity of chemosynthetic Al_2O_3-2SiO_2 powders and their ^(27)Al and ^(29)Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra

Pure Al2O3-2SiO2 powders were prepared by sol-gel and coprecipitation methods, and their alkaliactivation reactivities were compared. The alkali-activation reactivity of the powder prepared by the so]-gel method was higher than that of the powder prepared by the coprecipitation method. The powders were investigated by 27Al and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MAS NMR） to understand the relationship between their structure and alkali-activation reactivity. The 27Al MAS NMR data showed that the five-coordinate AI content of the powder prepared by the sol-gel method was higher than that of the powder prepared by coprecipitation. The higher content of five-coordinate Al corresponded to higher alkali-activation reactivity. The 29Si MAS NMR data showed that for the powder prepared by the sol-gel method, silicon was replaced by aluminum at secondary coordination sites of the central Si atoms during calcination. However, for the powder prepared by single-batch coprecipitation, the main change was from a low degree of polycondensation to a high degree of polycondensation.

Efficient electroreduction of nitrate via enriched active phases on copper-cobalt oxides

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate(NO_(3)~-) to ammonia(NH_(3)) can target two birds with one stone well, in NO_(3)^(-)-containing sewage remediation and sustainable NH_(3) production. However, single metalbased catalysts are difficult to drive high-efficient NO_(3)~- removal due to the multi-electron transfer steps.Herein, we present a tandem catalyst with simple structure, Cu-Co binary metal oxides(Cu-Co-O), by engineering intermediate phases as catalytic active species for NO_(3)~- conversion. Electrochemical evaluation,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectra together suggest that the newly-generated Cu-based phases was prone to NO_(3)~- to NO_(2)~- conversion, then NO_(2)~- was reduced to NH_(3) on Co-based species. At an applied potential of -1.1 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, the Cu-Co-O catalyst achieved NO_(3)~- -N removal of 90% and NH_(3) faradaic efficiency of 81% for 120 min in 100 m L of 50 mg/L NO_(3)~- -N,consuming only 0.69 k Wh/mol in a two-electrode system. This study provides a facile and efficient engineering strategy for developing high-performance catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate conversion.

失血性休克大鼠淋巴管对去甲肾上腺素反应性的变化

目的:观察失血性休克(HS)大鼠淋巴管对去甲肾上腺素(NE)反应性的变化,探讨淋巴管反应性在休克发病学中的作用。方法:假手术组(sham)和失血性休克组(HS,股动脉放血使血压维持40mmHg)各8只大鼠行胸导管腹段插管,测压,观察在不同时点股静脉注射NE(5μg/kg)前后淋巴管压力的变化;通过微循环录像系统对每组另8只大鼠回肠下段肠系膜淋巴管(ML)活体标本的自主收缩频率(F)、最大收缩口径(a)、最大舒张口径(b)、静态口径(c)连续记录,计算不同时点给予NE前后淋巴管收缩分数(index I)、总收缩活性指数(indexⅡ)、淋巴管动力学指数(LD-index)的变化(用△表示)。结果:HS组自休克30min起对NE的升压反应开始减弱,呈进行性降低,1h-3h间各时点的升压幅度显著低于sham组。HS组ML在休克1h的△F、△indexⅡ、△LD-index以及1.5h、2.h的△F、△index I、△indexⅡ、△LD-index均显著低于sham组,且在这3个时点的△F、△index I、△indexⅡ、△LD-index均显著低于休克前。结论:大鼠淋巴管的反应性在失血性休克发展进程中呈进行性下降,淋巴管低反应性在休克发病学中可能具有重要作用。

失血性休克大鼠淋巴管低反应性的钙敏机制

目的:观察失血性休克(HS)大鼠离体淋巴管对去甲肾上腺素(NE)反应性以及钙敏感性的变化,探讨淋巴管低反应性的钙敏机制。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠随机均分为sham组(仅手术)和HS组(复制HS模型,分为休克1 h、休克2 h亚组),制备胸导管环(每组均n=48)。采用离体淋巴管张力测定技术,观察淋巴管环对NE反应性以及钙敏性[梯度Ca2+与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和胰岛素(Ins)分别孵育]变化。结果:与sham组相比,HS1 h组、HS 2 h组大鼠离体淋巴管对NE反应的量效曲线以及HS 2 h组淋巴管对Ca2+的量效曲线明显右移,对NE多个浓度的反应性以及不同Ca2+浓度的收缩力、最大收缩力(Emax)、亲和力指数(pD2)均显著降低。HS大鼠离体淋巴管环与钙敏感性增强剂AngⅡ孵育后,对NE的反应性以及钙敏感性均显著升高,但仍低于sham组;与钙敏感性抑制剂Ins孵育后,对NE的反应性以及钙敏感性均显著降低。结论:HS大鼠离体淋巴管的低反应性与钙失敏有关,这是休克时淋巴管收缩性降低的机制之一。

2013年肃南—门源交界M_S5.1地震重新定位、震源机制及发震构造研究

针对2013年9月20日甘肃肃南-青海门源交界发生的MS5.1地震,采用Hypo2000定位方法对地震序列中ML≥1.0的事件进行重新定位。重定位后震源位置的水平和垂直方向平均误差分别为1.87km和3.64km,走时残差为0.51s,余震沿冷龙岭断裂的走向分布,长约20km,宽约2.5km;横向剖面显示震源深度集中在3-10km,纵向剖面显示出一个约30°倾角的破裂面。采用CAP方法得到了MS5.1主震的震源机制解,节面I走向360°,倾角68°,滑动角117°;节面Ⅱ走向126°,倾角为34°,滑动角42°,矩震级MW5.05,最佳震源矩心深度10km。

华北平原块体地壳应力场与强震震源断层参数的研究

历史上华北平原块体周缘及内部强震活跃,本论文从地壳应力场和震源断层两个方面出发对这一地区开展详细的研究,希望能为地震预测提供有益的背景资料。本文的主要研究内容包括以下3方面:一是在不同构造分区的最优一维速度模型下,对华北平原块体的中小地震进行重新绝对定位;二是基于重定位结果和最优一维速度模型,由大量P波初动极性应用综合震源机制解法,计算华北平原块体的地壳应力场;三是在重定位结果和地壳应力场的基础上,对1679年三河–平谷地震、1830年河北磁县地震和1303年山西洪洞地震的震源断层的几何参数和运动方式进行研究,详述如下:首先,本论文使用虚拟台网技术整合华北平原块体2001年1月1日至2013年12月31日11个省级台网和"地震科学台阵探测流动观测实验场"的震相到时资料,采用Hypo2000定位方法进行初步绝对定位。挑选出重定位后定位精度A、B类的6 504个地震事件,采用VELEST程序获得了华北平原块体8个不同构造单元的最优一维P波速度模型。在此基础上再次使用Hypo2000方法进行华北平原块体多速度模型下地震绝对定位。基于新的重定位结果,我们得到以下认识:(1)重新定位后震中水平位置变化不大,地震丛集性和条带性更加明显。(2)重定位后地震沿垂向展布在0~30 km之间,山西断陷带震源深度由南向北逐渐变浅绝大多数地震沿断陷盆地主控边界断裂线性展布,震源深度剖面较清晰地勾画出山西断陷带各盆地的发震断层下界。(3)重定位后震源深度剖面揭示了一些比较有意义的现象,如郯城震源区下方地震直立分布,霍山地区倾向北东的地震条带,邢台震源区向北西方向倾斜的地震密集带等。其次,在绝对定位和最优一维速度模型的基础上,对华北平原块体22 069次地震的116 571个P波初动极性,采用综合震源机制解法获得华北平原块体0.5°×0.5°×20 km的精细地壳应力场图像。华北平原块体地壳应力场具有以下特征:(1)综合震源机制解类型以走滑和正断层类型为主,综合震源机制解的一个节面走向大体与所在区域的主要断裂走向相一致,符合华北平原块体周缘及内部现今的剪切拉张状态。(2)P轴方位自西向东呈现NE-NEE-近EW的偏转图像,T轴方位在山西断陷带内与断陷盆地的主控边界断裂走向垂直,自西向东呈现NW-NNW-近NS向的逆时针旋转,T轴方位的一致性要好于P轴方位,预示华北平原块体目前主要受NW-NNW向主张应力控制。(3)山西断陷带的应力状态以正断层为主,在临汾盆地北部和忻定盆地出现走滑应力状态的局部特征;张渤带从西向东应力状态分为正断层型、走滑型和正断层型,P轴方位呈NENEE-EW向顺时针旋转;郯庐断裂带应力结构以走滑和正断层为主,主压应力方向由北向南表现为NEE-EW-SEE向偏转,以郯庐断裂带为界,主压应力方向从西往东由ENE方向逐渐偏转为近EW方向。(4)秦岭–大别山构造带受华北平原块体应力场的控制减弱,逐渐向华南地块的应力场转向。华北平原块体的应力场主要受到来自太平洋板块俯冲和青藏高原挤压作用的控制,太平洋板块的北西西向的俯冲作用强于青藏高原的挤压碰撞对华北平原块体的影响。最后,基于大震震源区余震长期活动及余震发生在发震断层面上及其附近区域的假设,由现今精确定位的震源位置和区域应力场确定了1679年三河–平谷地震、1830年河北磁县地震和1303年山西洪洞8级地震的震源断层几何参数和运动方式。1679年三河–平谷地震的震源断层走向为38°,倾向南东,倾角为82°,滑动角为-156°,断层错动类型为右旋走滑兼具正断分量;1830年河北磁县地震的震源断层走向为283°,倾向北北东,倾角为74°,滑动角为-26°,断层错动类型为左旋走滑兼具正断分量;1303年山西洪洞8级地震的震源断层走向为19°,倾角为88°,滑动角为-179°,滑动性质为右旋走滑型。

The role of mitochondria in redox signaling of muscle homeostasis

In the past,contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been implicated in oxidative stress to skeletal muscle.As research advances,clear evidence has revealed a more complete role of ROS under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.Central to the role of ROS is the redox signaling pathways that control exercise-induced major physiologic and cellular responses and adaptations,such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitophagy,mitochondrial morphologic dynamics,antioxidant defense,and inflammation.The current review focuses on how muscle contraction and immobilization may activate or inhibit redox signalings and their impact on muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and physiologic implications.

营养状况对腹膜透析患者微炎症状态及左心功能的影响

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患病率逐年增高,而维持性腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneum dialysis,CAPD)是终末期肾病患者主要治疗方法之一。CAPD患者在腹透液交换毒素的过程中会造成体内氨基酸及蛋白质流失,容易发生营养不良。CAPD患者营养不良主要表现为血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)持续降低、体重下降、皮下脂肪变薄、血肌酐、血磷、胆固醇水平下降。有研究显示[1],患有营养不良的CAPD患者其感染及心血管疾病的发生率明显高于营养状态良好的患者。营养不良、微炎症状态与心血管疾病三者之间相互影响,相互促进,直接影响CAPD患者的预后。目前公认的营养指标主要是Alb,微炎症指标主要为C反应蛋白(c reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)[2]。