Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg l/10th of the LD50) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.

Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy inhibits aquaporin 4 and adrenocorticotropic hormone expression in the pituitary gland of rabbits with blast-induced craniocerebral injury

In the present study, rabbits were treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 1 hour after detonator-blastinduced craniocerebral injury. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly reduced aquaporin 4 expression and adrenocorticotropic hormone expression in the pituitary gland of rabbits with craniocerebral injury. Aquaporin 4 expression was positively correlated with adrenocorticotropic hormone expression. These findings indicate that early hyperbaric oxygen therapy may suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by inhibiting aquaporin 4 expression.

Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.

Gene Expression Changes in the Pituitary Gland of Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Pulses

Objective We examined alterations in the expression of tumorigenesis‐related genes in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to electromagnetic pulses （EMP）.Methods The global gene expression profiles of the pituitary gland in EMP‐exposed and control groups were detected by cDNA microarray analysis.We then validated and further investigated the reduced expression of two tumorigenesis‐related genes,Pten,and Jund,by assessing their mRNA and protein expression by quantitative real‐time‐PCR,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry in the pituitary gland of rats 6 months after exposure to EMP.Results EMP exposure induced genome‐wide gene expression changes in the rat pituitary gland.There was decreased expression of the Pten and Jund mRNAs and proteins in EMP‐exposed rats compared with in unexposed control animals.Conclusion EMP exposure alters the expression of tumorigenesis‐related genes in the pituitary gland.These tumorigenesis‐related genes are potentially involved in the development of pituitary gland tumors in rats.

Immunocytochemical identification and distribution of the cell types in the pituitary gland of <i>Bagrus bayad</i>(<i>Teleostei, Bagridae</i>)

Immunocytochemical identification of the different cell types in the pituitary gland of Bagrus bayad was performed using antisera against mammalian (human and rat) and piscine hormones. The adenohypophysis was composed of rostral pars distalis (RPD), proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia (PI). Prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic cells were located in the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary. Gonadotrophic and growth hormone cells were distributed in the proximal pars distalis, but gonadotrophic cells appear also at the border of the pars intermedia. Somatolactin cells, as well as alpha-melanotrophic cells were located in the pars intermedia of B. bayad pitui-tary. The prolactin (PRL) cells were distributed in the RPD stained with orange G and showed strong immunoreactivity with antiserum to chum salmon. The adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) cells were lead hema-toxylin-positive (PbH+) and showed strong im- mu-noreactivity with anti-human ACTH;these cells bor-dered the neurohypophysis and grouped in islets be-tween PRL cells in the RPD. Growth hormone (GH) cells were densely distributed with the gonadotrophic (GTH) cells in the PPD. They were orange G positive and reacted with antiserum to chum salmon. GTH cells were located in the central area of the PPD and in the external border of the PI. These cells were Alcyan Blue and PAS positive, and immunostained with anti-chum salmon GTH Iβ and anti-chum salmon GTH IIβ. In addition, antiserum to rat thyrotropin stimulating hormone β (TSHβ) reacted positively to the GTH cells. These results suggest that GTH I, GTH II and TSH are synthesized in the same cells in the pituitary of B. bayad. The PI was composed mainly of PbH+ cells and a PAS+ cell adjacent to the neurohypophysis. The PAS+ cells from the PI bound specifically to anti-chum somatolactin. Anti-alpha- melanin stimulating hormone (MSH) stained only the PbH+ (alpha-melanotrophic) cells of the PI.

Morphological comparison and gonadotropins cell localization of mature female turbot and mouse pituitary

Reproduction is subtlety regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Pituitary gland is the center of the HPG axis,while pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were identified the key elements of the HPG axis in teleost and mammal.Morphology,cell lines,and gonadotropins cell localization of female turbot and mouse pituitary were determined at mature stage to illustrate the anatomical difference and cell characteristics in this study.Results show that turbot pituitary is chicken heart-shaped,dorsoventral,located on the ventral surface of the diencephalon.The mouse pituitary is oval,located in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica at the skull base.Two well-distinguished areas adenohypophysis(AH)and neurohypophysis(NH)in pituitary were identified in turbot and mouse.Turbot AH comprised the rostral pars distalis(RPD),proximal pars distalis(PPD),and pars intermedia(PI).NH was not pronounced and with finger-like protrusions into PPD.However,mouse AH only comprised the pars distalis(PD)and PI.NH distribution was semicircular.Three main types of cells(acidophilic,basophilic,and chromophobic cells)were distributed in the mouse PD region,whereas appeared in the turbot PPD,RPD,and PI.Moreover,the percentage of mouse chromophobic and basophilic cells was higher and lower than that of turbot,respectively.The diameter of the aforementioned three cells in the mouse was significantly higher than turbot.fshβ-and lhβ-immunoreactive signals were identified in turbot-distinct pituitary cells that primarily occupied the peripheral and central regions of AH.However,mouse fsh-and lh-immunoreactive cells were expressed in the same cells and present in the PD.These results demonstrate the significantly difference of pituitary morphology,cell lines and gonadotropins(fshβand lhβ)location in female turbot and mouse.These differences help for fully understand the evolution and endocrinological functions of pituitary.

“双轴”理论在产后风湿中的应用特色探析

产后风湿的发病涉及中医脏腑功能和神经内分泌系统的多个方面。“双轴”包括脏腑功能轴,即心肝脾肾之间的相互作用;神经内分泌轴,即下丘脑、垂体及其与靶腺之间的相互作用。中医脏腑功能的失调会影响气血阴阳的平衡,而神经内分泌轴的异常变化可能导致免疫系统的功能失调,这两个维度相互关联、相互作用,共同参与产后风湿的发病过程。本文通过阐述脏腑功能轴与神经内分泌轴与之间的相关性,探析产后风湿中医理论的现代医学内涵,以期为产后风湿的临床诊疗提供新的思路。

Multisystemic recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis misdiagnosed with chronic inflammation at the first diagnosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is characterized by diabetes insipidus and is an uncommon occurrence.Pathological biopsies still have a certain degree of diagnostic probability.We present a case in which LCH initially affected the pituitary gland.This resulted in a misdiagnosis of chronic inflammation upon pathological examination.CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old female exhibited symptoms of diabetes insipidus.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced foci in the pituitary gland.After surgical resection of the pituitary lesion,the pathological diagnosis was chronic inflam-mation.However,the patient later experienced bone destruction in the skull and lower limb bones.After the lower limb bone lesion was compared with the initial pituitary lesion,the final diagnosis was modified to LCH.The patient was treated with multiple chemotherapy courses.However,the patient’s condition gradually worsened,and she eventually passed away at home.CONCLUSION LCH should be considered when patients exhibit diabetes insipidus and absence of high signal intensity in the pituitary gland on sagittal T1-weighted image and abnormal enhancement in the pituitary region.

右侧脑室异位垂体神经内分泌肿瘤1例

患者男,27岁,体检发现颅内占位1天;平素体健,无头晕、头痛等不适。神经系统专科查体未见异常。实验室检查:血清卵泡刺激素1.02mIU/ml,睾酮2.62nmol/L。头颅平扫CT:右侧侧脑室体部20mm×30mm×15mm等或稍高混杂密度肿块,CT值30~50HU。头颅MRI:右侧侧脑室体部32mm×19mm×12mm类圆形囊实性肿块,实性部分T1WI呈等或低混杂信号(图1A)、T2WI呈以中等高信号为主的混杂信号(图1B),液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuation inverse recovery,FLAIR)序列图示病灶中间大部呈低信号、边缘见小片稍高信号(图1C);囊性部分呈水样信号;肿块周围脑实质无明显水肿,与透明隔分界清楚;增强后病灶前端见小片中等强化灶,余部无或仅轻度强化,囊变部分未见强化(图1D)。

Down-regulation of Leucine-rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin-like Domain Proteins (LRIG1-3) in HP75 Pituitary Adenoma Cell Line

Three human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains （LRIG） genes and proteins, named LRIG1-3, has been previously characterized and it was proposed that they may act as suppressors of tumor growth. The LRIG1 protein can inhibit the growth of tumors of glial cells and the down-regulation of the LRIG1 gene may be involved in the development and progression of the tumor. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） is a recently developed technique for quantitative assessment of specific RNA levels. In the current study, it was demonstrated that LRIG1-3 and EGFR mRNA was detected in human pituitary adenoma cell lines and a normal pituitary sample, with differences in the expression levels. Compared to the normal pituitary samples, the expression of LRIG1-3 in HP75 cell line was lower, but the expression of EGFR in HP75 cell line was higher. The results are consistent with LRIG1-3 being tumour suppressor genes, and LRIG genes decreasing the expression of EGFR. The ratio of EGFR/LRIGl was increased at least 13-fold in HP75 cells compared with the normal pituitary cells, which was also the case for the ratio of EGFR/LRIG2 （14-fold increase in HP75） and EGFR/LRIG3 （11-fold increase in HP75）. Further studies were needed to elucidate the explicit role of LRIG genes as negative regulators of oncogenesis in human pituitary adenoma.

Pituitary Apoplexy: A MRI Finding Case and Literature Review

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy is an ischemic or hemorrhagic rearrangement within a pituitary adenoma. Pituitary apoplexy is a rare disease that constitutes a diagnosis and therapeutic emergency. Most of the time, apoplexy is the manifestation inaugural of an adenoma unknown, but it can also complicate a known adenoma. All adenomas can be concerned with the occurrence of apoplexy, with an equivalent risk, whether they are secreting or not and whatever the type of secretion. We report the case of a patient in whom the cranio-encephalic MRI enabled to make the diagnosis. Observation: A 57-years-old woman abruptly presented severe cephalodynia, followed by a left visual field defect. The clinical examination revealed an alteration of the consciousness to the type of obstruction and a decrease in left visual acuity is 4/10th. The cranio-encephalic MRI performed revealed an expansive intrasellar process with suprasellar extension of heterogeneous signal on all the sequences performed alternating hemorrhagic stigmata in the central tumor zone suggesting a macroadenoma having bled, compatible with pituitary apoplexy. She received medical treatment and hormonotherapy, followed by surgical excision. The outcome was satisfactory. Conclusion: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but serious complication of pituitary adenomas. It is responsible for various neuro-ophthalmologic. Pituitary apoplexy involves the patient’s functional and vital prognosis due to acute panhypopituitarism. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. MRI is a major contribution to diagnosis. Treatment is based on the combination of hormone replacement therapy and trans-sphenoidal tumor excision.

Pituitary-Thyroid Dysfunction in a Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Patient

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy has not been clearly elucidated and involvement of autoimmune damage has been proposed. We report a 23-year-old man who was emergently hospitalized for paroxysmal syncope and involuntary tremor with normal physical examination except for low heart rate. The patient was characterized by neurological symptoms, mild hypothyroidism, enlarged pituitary gland and extremely elevated thyrotropin, which all were reversed with levothyroxine alone. The case indicated that the pituitary-thyroid dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, hence, evaluation of pituitary gland should be recommended in diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy.

1例蝶窦异位垂体瘤影像学表现

患者男,56岁,枕部间断疼痛伴嗅觉减退、视远物模糊1个月,无视野缺损;既往糖尿病10余年,未规律监测血糖。前鼻镜检查未见明显异常。实验室检查:孕酮0.04ng/ml,睾酮38.67ng/dl,甲状腺素11.60μg/dl,游离甲状腺素1.80ng/dl。颅脑CT/MRI:蝶窦、斜坡处3.9cm×2.5cm×2.3cm等低混杂密度不规则团块,局部骨质破坏(图1A、1B),T1WI以等信号为主(图1C),T2WI呈不均匀高信号(图1D),增强后不均匀强化(图1E),蝶窦偏左部分呈中度强化。

不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体转录组功能分析

【目的】对不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体进行转录组测序分析,了解不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体的表达谱,旨在筛选出红光影响京海黄鸡生殖激素合成的关键基因,为提高种鸡产蛋性能提供理论基础。【方法】红光组京海黄鸡产蛋量(90.61枚)显著高于白光组(87.44枚)(P<0.05)。选取红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡各3只,采集其垂体进行高通量测序,利用HISAT和DESeq等方法获得差异表达基因(DEGs)进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析。【结果】通过高通量测序获得4892794884~4980565639条Raw reads,比对到参考基因组的read比对率在92.00%以上,GC含量为48.54%~49.11%。将红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡的垂体进行比较,共获得155个DEGs,其中红光组与白光组(RP vs WP)相比,有90个基因表达上调和65个基因表达下调。对DEGs进行GO功能注释分析,主要在生物调控、细胞过程、细胞、细胞组分、连接和催化活性功能等重要生物途径。KEGG信号通路分析结果显示,DEGs主要富集在细胞因子—细胞因子受体相互作用、类固醇激素的生物合成通路、视黄醇的新陈代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、神经活性配体—受体相互作用等信号通路,这些通路中的促性腺激素释放激素基因(GNRH1)、分泌型磷蛋白1基因(SPP1)、信号转导蛋白1基因(SMAD1)、骨形态形成蛋白拮抗蛋白2抗体基因(GREM2)和表皮调节素基因(EREG)等表达可能受光色的影响,从而影响种鸡的产蛋性能。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果证明了转录组测序结果准确可靠。【结论】与白光相比,红光能显著提高京海黄鸡的产蛋量。筛选获得的GNRH1、SPP1、SMAD1、GREM2和EREG等基因可能在光色调控京海黄鸡产蛋性能中发挥重要作用,可作为种鸡垂体组织调控其产蛋性能分子机制研究的关键基因。

腺垂体功能减退症123例临床分析

目的 提高对腺垂体功能减退症的认识。方法 对安徽医科大学第二附属医院内分泌科2015年8月至2020年9月收治的123例腺垂体功能减退症病人的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 男47例(38.2%),女76例(61.8%),年龄范围16~83岁。颅内占位或术后49例(39.9%),希恩综合征39例(31.7%),空泡蝶鞍综合征15例(12.2%),下丘脑-垂体发育不良9例(7.3%),病因不明11例(8.9%)。以消化道症状就诊47例(38.2%,为首要就诊症状),垂体危象23例(18.7%)。性腺轴受损104例(86.7%,为最主要受损腺体),3个腺体(性腺轴、甲状腺轴、肾上腺轴)均受损61例(55.5%)。低钠血症60例(52.2%),血脂异常87例(75%),低血糖21例(18.8%),贫血47例(40.9%)。结论 腺垂体功能减退症临床表现多样,应提高对该病的认识,避免误诊和漏诊,确诊后及时予以激素替代治疗。

基于淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤药物有效化学成分及其作用靶点的网络药理学与分子对接技术分析

目的:采用网络药理学方法联合分子对接技术分析淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤药物有效化学成分及其作用靶点,并初步阐明其作用机制。方法:采用中药系统药理学(TCMSP)数据库和分析平台结合相关文献资料获取淫羊藿的有效化学成分及其对应的靶点蛋白,采用Uniprot数据库将靶点蛋白信息标准化得到对应的标准基因名,检索GeneCards数据库和DisGeNET数据库收集下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤的相关靶点基因,采用Cytoscape3.7.1软件绘制淫羊藿有效化学成分和疾病作用靶点关系的网络图,采用STRING数据库绘制药物与疾病的交集靶点的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图,采用基迪奥生物信息平台(OmicShare)进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路富集分析,采用Pymol软件和Autodock Tools软件进行淫羊藿药材有效化学成分与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤靶点蛋白的分子模拟对接和可视化。结果:筛选得到27个淫羊藿有效化学成分和217个相对应作用靶点,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤靶点基因465个,其中62个靶点基因与淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤有密切关联。得到淫羊藿关键有效成分为槲皮素、木樨草素、山柰酚和淫羊藿苷等,关键靶点蛋白为含半胱氨酸的半胱氨酸蛋白酶3 (Caspase-3)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、低聚糖(FOS)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、低氧诱导因子1α (HIF1A)、血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA)、白细胞介素1B (IL-1β)、雌激素受体1 (ESR1)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2 (PTGS2)和基质金属蛋白酶9 (MMP-9)等。KEGG信号通路富集分析,其共同靶点主要富集于免疫炎症、激素调节和能量代谢等相关通路上。分子对接,淫羊藿中的潜在有效成分与IL-6、PTGS2、醛糖还原酶(AR)和促分裂原活化蛋白激酶1 (MAPK1)等靶点蛋白有较好的亲和作用。结论:淫羊藿可通过多靶点和多通路在抗炎免疫、激素调节及能量代谢等方面对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤发挥潜在的治疗作用。

肉桂对肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关mRNA表达及组织病理变化的影响

为探讨肉桂补肾助阳的作用机制,对连续灌胃肉桂后的肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关mRNA表达及组织病理变化进行了考察。采用腹腔注射氢化可的松复制肾阳虚证大鼠模型,将大鼠分为对照组(CON组)、肾阳虚模型组(MOD组)、低剂量肉桂组(RGL组)和高剂量肉桂组(RGH组)。RGH组和RGL组大鼠分别连续4周灌胃不同剂量的肉桂提取液(8.1 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)和4.05 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),CON组和MOD组给予相同体积生理盐水。实验结束后,分别检测血液生化指标和下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关腺体脏器指数、血浆激素水平、mRNA表达,及相关组织的病理变化。结果显示,与CON组比,MOD组下丘脑指数、肾上腺指数、胸腺指数、甲状腺指数和睾丸指数均显著降低(P<0.01),垂体指数有降低趋势但无显著性差异;大鼠血浆促肾上腺激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、睾酮(T)水平和下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)mRNA、促性腺激素释放激素(Gn-RH)mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),血浆雌二醇(E2)水平下丘脑促肾上腺激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),下丘脑、肾上腺、胸腺、睾丸病理组织形态也发生病理改变;与MOD组相比,RGL组和RGH组各项指标均显著降低(P>0.05),病理损伤有所减轻。实验验证了肉桂对肾阳虚大鼠的改善作用,其机制与下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴的全面调控作用相关。研究可为揭示肉桂补肾作用机制,为肾阳虚证的临床防治奠定基础。

垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征联合列线图鉴别特发性中枢性性早熟与单纯乳房早发育

目的观察垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征联合列线图鉴别特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)与单纯乳房早发育(PT)的价值。方法纳入67例ICPP及51例PT共118例患儿,按照7∶3比例随机分为训练集(n=83)和验证集(n=35),记录其垂体相关临床资料,以多因素logistic回归分析筛选并建立临床模型。采集垂体MRI,基于矢状位T1WI提取垂体影像组学特征,以最大相关最小冗余、最小绝对收缩和选择算子及多因素logistic回归筛选最佳影像组学特征,构建影像组学模型。联合应用临床、MRI及影像组学特征构建列线图模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评估模型鉴别诊断效能;以决策曲线分析(DCA)观察临床获益度。结果训练集ICPP与PT患儿年龄、骨龄、体质量、黄体生成素(LH)基础值、卵泡刺激素基础值及垂体高度差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。骨龄及LH基础值是鉴别ICPP与PT的独立因素(OR=1.807、1.422,P均<0.05),以之建立的临床模型鉴别训练集、验证集ICPP与PT的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.849和0.812。共提取垂体1781个影像组学特征,于其中筛选出1个形态特征、1个一阶特征及1个灰度区域大小矩阵特征建立影像组学模型,其鉴别训练集和验证集ICPP与PT的AUC分别为0.956和0.947。基于最终得出的2个临床及3个垂体MRI影像组学特征构建的列线图模型鉴别训练集、验证集ICPP与PT的AUC分别为0.981、0.977,均优于临床模型(P均<0.05),而与影像组学模型差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。一定危险阈值范围内,列线图模型净收益最大。结论基于垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征建立的联合列线图模型用于鉴别ICPP与PT具有较高价值。

0~14岁儿童发育期间垂体形态变化

目的观察我国0~14岁儿童发育期间垂体形态学变化。方法纳入1400例0~14岁儿童,每岁各100例(男、女各50例);基于头颅3D-T1WI测量腺垂体上下径、前后径、左右径及垂体柄长度,计算其上下径/前后径比值和腺垂体体积,观察垂体各参数与年龄的相关性及其随年龄增长的变化趋势。结果随年龄增长,儿童腺垂体上下径、前后径、左右径及体积基本呈逐渐增大,而垂体柄长度呈减小趋势。男性与女性儿童腺垂体上下径、前后径、左右径,垂体体积及垂体柄长度差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。儿童腺垂体上下径、前后径、左右径及其体积均与年龄呈高度正相关(r均>0.9,P均<0.001),垂体柄高度与年龄呈高度负相关(r>0.9,P<0.001)。结论随年龄增长,0~14岁儿童腺垂体上下径、前后径、左右径及其体积基本呈逐渐增大、而垂体柄长度呈减小趋势。

腺垂体细胞促性腺激素分泌及其体外培养研究进展

下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴是控制动物性激素分泌的主要内分泌系统。围绕该系统开展深入研究对于提高家畜繁殖性能及治疗繁殖疾病等方面具有重要意义。下丘脑调控促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)的分泌,该激素又进一步调控腺垂体,促进其分泌促卵泡素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)。建立腺垂体细胞体外培养体系可为揭示腺垂体激素分泌机理的研究提供方法学基础。介绍了腺垂体在脑室中所处的位置以及腺垂体细胞的类型和主要分泌的激素,综述了腺垂体细胞的分离培养和鉴定方法,以及外源物质对体外培养腺垂体细胞分泌促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)影响的研究进展,以期为深入研究下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的功能及机制,优化与完善腺垂体细胞体外培养体系,筛选Gn分泌调节药物提供参考。