Hysteresis behavior and nonequilibrium phase transition in a one-dimensional evolutionary game model

We investigate a simple evolutionary game model in one dimension. It is found that the system exhibits a discontinuous phase transition from a defection state to a cooperation state when the b payoff of a defector exploiting a cooperator is small. Furthermore, if b is large enough, then the system exhibits two continuous phase transitions between two absorbing states and a coexistence state of cooperation and defection, respectively. The tri-critical point is roughly estimated. Moreover, it is found that the critical behavior of the continuous phase transition with an absorbing state is in the directed percolation universality class.

Correlation between the Cyclic Stress Behavior and Microstructure in 316LN based on the Analysis of Hysteresis Loops

Total strain controlled cyclic test was performed on 316 LN under uniaxial loadings. Through the partitioning of hysteresis loops, the evolution of two components of cyclic flow stress, the internal and effective stresses, was reported. The former one determines the cyclic stress response. Based on the transmission electron microscopic（TEM） observation on specimens loaded with scheduled cycles, it is found that planar dislocation structures prevail during the entire cyclic process at low strain amplitude, while a remarkable dislocation rearrangement from planar structures to heterogeneous spatial distributions is companied by a cyclic softening behavior at high strain amplitude. The competition between the evolution of the intergranular and the intragranular components of the internal stress caused by the transition of slip mode induces the cyclic hardening and softening at high strain levels. The intergranular internal stress represents the most part of the internal stress at low strain level.

Experimental investigation of damage behavior of RC frame members including non-seismically designed columns

Reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horizontal cyclic loading tests often column and three beam specimens, some of which were designed according to the current seismic design code and others were designed according to the early non-seismic Chinese design code, aiming at reporting the behavior of the damaged or collapsed RC frame strctures observed during the Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of axial load ratio, shear span ratio, and transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on hysteresis behavior, ductility and damage progress were incorporated in the experimental study. Test results indicate that the non-seismically designed columns show premature shear failure, and yield larger maximum residual crack widths and more concrete spalling than the seismically designed columns. In addition, longitudinal steel reinforcement rebars were severely buckled. The axial load ratio and shear span ratio proved to be the most important factors affecting the ductility, crack opening width and closing ability, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had only a minor effect on column ductility, but exhibited more influence on beam ductility. Finally, the transverse reinforcement ratio did not influence the maximum residual crack width and closing ability of the seismically designed columns.

Alleviating hysteresis and improving device stability of perovskite solar cells via alternate voltage sweeps

The anomalous hysteresis in a perovskite solar cell induced by an asymmetric field is confirmed by a capacitance–voltage measurement. By applying several cycles of alternating reverse and forward scans, this hysteresis phenomenon is obviously alleviated, resulting in a hysteresis-less state in the perovskite solar cell. Meanwhile, the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell are enhanced by 55.74% and 61.30%, respectively, while the current density and fill factor keep almost invariable. The operation of alleviating hysteresis is essential for further research and is likely to bring in performance gains.

Axial mechanical experiments of unbonded flexible pipes

Axial structural damping behavior induced by internal friction and viscoelastic properties of polymeric layers may have an inevitable influence on the global analysis of flexible pipes.In order to characterize this phenomenon and axial mechanical responses,a full-scale axial tensile experiment on a complex flexible pipe is conducted at room temperature,in which oscillation forces at different frequencies are applied on the sample.The parameters to be identified are axial strains which are measured by three kinds of instrumentations:linear variable differential transformer,strain gauge and camera united particle-tracking technology.The corresponding plots of axial force versus axial elongation exhibit obvious nonlinear hysteretic relationship.Consequently,the loss factor related to the axial structural damping behavior is found,which increases as the oscillation loading frequency grows.The axial strains from the three measurement systems in the mechanical experiment indicate good agreement,as well as the values of the equivalent axial stiffness.The damping generated by polymeric layers is relatively smaller than that caused by friction forces.Therefore,it can be concluded that friction forces maybe dominate the axial structural damping,especially on the conditions of high frequency.

The Effect of Secondary Flows on the Starting Pressure for a Second-throat Supersonic Ejector

The effect of the secondary flow on the starting pressure of a second-throat supersonic ejector has been investigated by adapting the height of the secondary flow inlet.The obtained results show that an optimum value of the secondary inlet height exists,and the starting pressure of the ejector becomes a minimum at that condition.Based on the results of the pressure measurements,a qualitative analysis has been made to clarify the flow behavior and the physical meaning of the performance diagram.It appears that the choking phenomenon of the secondary flow plays an important role in the starting process of the ejector.When the secondary inlet height is relatively small,the choked secondary flow and the supersonic primary flow could be employed to protect the static pressure in the suction chamber from being disturbed by the back pressure effect at a certain primary stagnation pressure,which is lower than the starting pressure for the case of the zero-secondary flow.However,as the secondary inlet height increases and exceeds a critical value,the static pressure in the suction chamber rapidly increases,and the starting pressure of the ejector increases accordingly.