An analysis of agarwood trade patterns,historical perspectives,and species identification challenges:repercussions for importing nations

Background:Agarwood,primarily derived from the Aquilaria and Gyrinops genera,holds significant economic importance.However,there is a lack of comprehensive investigations providing guidance to importing nations regarding cultivation quantities and expected yields of Agarwood from distinct species.This study aims to address this gap by exploring the historical context and trade evolution of Agarwood,highlighting its global importance,and the challenges associated with securing accurate species information.Method:On-site visits to Agarwood cultivation sites were conducted to gain a nuanced understanding of Aquilaria species and their cultivation requirements.Additionally,a thorough analysis of global export and import data for Agarwood products over the last decade was undertaken.Results:China Mainland emerged as the leading exporter of Agarwood,averaging an annual export value of USD 1 million.India’s substantial exports challenge the prevailing notion of limited Agarwood production within its borders.Hong Kong and Singapore are pivotal distribution hubs,while Hong Kong and Taipei feature prominently as import destinations.Our analysis uncovers anomalies in the representation of Agarwood producers from 2001 to 2008,suggesting potential misclassification of Aquilaria Agarwood as Gyrinops in global export information.These findings underscore the urgency of investigating classification and reporting practices in the Agarwood trade.Furthermore,A.filaria emerges as a notable source,while A.malaccensis is decline in prominence.Conclusion:This study provides crucial insights for policymakers,stakeholders,and industry players seeking to make informed decisions in the Agarwood trade landscape.The results highlight the need for accurate species identification,classification,and reporting practices to ensure sustainable cultivation and trade of Agarwood.

China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products Holds China-Saudi Investment Conference

On December 12th,2023,the China-Saudi Investment Conference,co-sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Investment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,and organised by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products.

大型过程建模的Import/Export解决方案

文章分析了大型复杂过程的建模需求，基于已研发的企事业过程建模系统EPMS，提出了将Import／Export技术用于大型过程建模的解决方案，通过过程模型的拆分和组装，从而支持过程模型的多人员、异地并行建模模式和过程重用。

RCEP协定下跨境电商对贸易影响的时间差异性研究

为了拓宽双循环渠道,打开外循环新思路,以中国与RCEP成员国在2010年至2021年间进出口面板数据结合中国跨境电商交易额建立VAR模型,研究跨境电子商务发展对我国进出口贸易的动态影响。结果表明,在长期,跨境电商的发展使得发展中国家与我国双边贸易弹性系数高于发达国家,跨境电商的发展有利于我国同发展中国家进行贸易往来;在短期,跨境电商的发展对中国与韩国等部分国家的进出口存在逐渐增强的正向影响;跨境电商的发展对我国与多国贸易存在双向动态交互关系。

Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on Import and Export Trade Pattern of Soybean in Heilongjiang

Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.

Sources and Flows of Embodied CO_2 Emissions in Import and Export Trade of China

This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.

Zero-Tariff Policy Benefits Africa:China pushes to reach$300 billion in imports from Africa by 2024

The volume of goods exported to China from Uganda has grown tremendously since December 2022,according to Uganda’s government figures.The reason for the increase is that Uganda was among the 10 countries that benefitted from China removing tariffs on goods exported by this group at the end of last year.

Rare earth listed in the Catalogue of Energy and Resources Products Subject to Export Reporting

China’s Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)on 7 November announced revisions to a list of bulk commodities whose imports and exports should be reported for keeping statistical record.Fourteen commodities including Soybeans,rapeseed,soybean oil,palm oil and so on will continue to be regulated by current import reporting system.Five new items are included.Crude oil,iron ore.

CHANGE OF NUTRIENT IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PROCESS OF RAINFALL IN AILAO MOUNTAIN OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

ＣＨＡＮＧＥ ＯＦ ＮＵＴＲＩＥＮＴ ＩＭＰＯＲＴ ＡＮＤ ＥＸＰＯＲＴ ＩＮ ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳ ＯＦ ＲＡＩＮＦＡＬＬ ＩＮ ＡＩＬＡＯ ＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮ ＯＦ ＹＵＮＮＡＮ ＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥＧａｎＪｉａｎｍｉｎ（甘健民）；ＸｕｅＪｉｎｇｙｉ（薛敬意...

Water pollution footprints induced by industrial import and export in China

With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints(WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors,such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.

An Inexpensive and Simple Experimental Approach for the Estimation of Solute Import into Groundwater and Subsequent Export Using Inflow/Outflow Data

In agricultural catchments where groundwater (GW) base flow discharge contributes substantially towards stream flow, the information linking GW inflow/outflow with contaminant import/export is scarce. However, this information is essential to address aquatic ecosystem health hazard/risk associated with nitrate export and subsequent loading in sensitive surface water bodies (SWB). The objectives of this study were to assess the temporal dynamics of (i) rain water inflow/outflow behaviour in three agricultural catchments in the humid tropics of far-northeast Queensland of Australia, (ii) solute import via inflow and subsequent export in outflow, and (iii) the association between GW inflow/outflow and solute import/export. Approximately 71% of the average seasonal rainfall percolated (inflow) into the porous basaltic regolith of the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) compared with 44% into the alluvial regolith in the Mulgrave River Catchment (MRC) and 29% into the metamorphic regolith in the Tully River Catchment (TRC), respectively. The outflows from the basaltic, alluvial, and metamorphic regoliths were 56%, 36%, and 55% of the inflows, respectively. The cumulative nitrate import per season was 25 k/ha in the JRC compared with 11 kg/ha in MRC and 34 kg/ha in TRC. The corresponding exports were 24 kg/ha, 8 kg/ha 26 kg/ha in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. The total dissolved solute (TDS) exports were 82%, 77%, 75%, of the corresponding imports in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. Simple correlations indicated that nitrate export was positively correlated with the outflow in each one of the regolith and similar trends were observed between inflow and import. The import/export mass balance for nitrate shows that 73% to 96% of the imports were exported during the same rainy season, suggesting the potential for nitrate associated ecosystem health hazard/risk in sensitive SWB receiving the outflows.

Oracle的实用工具Export/Import

介绍了大型关系数据库系统Oracle的一对实用工具Export/Import的使用方式、范围等 ,并以武汉市电信局“九七工程”的应用实例加以说明。

Analyzing the Relation between Greek Paper and Paperboard Imports and Exports with Macroeconomic Variables

This paper describes the relation between Greek imports and exports of paper and paperboard and a number of major macroeconomic variables, such as population, gross domestic product, the industrial production index and domestic round wood production. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. The study shows that there is no significant relation between paper and paperboard imports as a dependent variable and population, gross domestic product and domestic round wood production as independent variables. Despite this, an acceptable model is constructed using only gross domestic product as an independent variable. The study also shows that there is a significant relation between the export of paper and paperboard and gross domestic product, the industrial production index and round wood production. The results indicate that gross domestic product as an independent variable has the greatest effect on wood imports and exports in Greece during the period studied. Using these models is confirmed that the use of socioeconomic variables and the construction of future scenarios for the Greek forest sector is very efficient considering the special characteristics of the Greek economy. These models could help the establishment of economic growth, the reduction of the financial and ecological deficit, the implementation of economic reforms and to increase new investments.

The Import & Export Bank of China——An interview with Tong Zhiguang, Chairman of the Board

Since the founding of the Import and Export Bank of China, one of the few policy banks in China and the first of its kind to support the import and export trade, on July 1, 1994, it has aroused great attention in financial, economic and trade fields at home and abroad. The bank was co-established by the Bank of China, the Ministry of Foreign Trade

Both Import and Export Growth Dropped in 2015

China’s foreign trade in 2015 2015 was a very unusual year in the history of China’s foreign trade,the situation became more complicated,and downward pressure increased significantly.According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in 2015 reached 24.58 trillion yuan,down 7%year on year(the same below).Export was 14.14 trillion yuan,down 1.8%,and import 10.45 trillion yuan。

Jiangsu Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Corp.

With its headquarters in Nanjing and founded in 1978, the Jiangsu Machinery & Equipment Import & Export (Group) Corporation is one of the major members of the China machinery & Equipment Import & Export Group. It has over twenty exclusive investment or holding companies at home and abroad,

China's Control Over Import-and-Export Licence

Along with its further opening up to the outside world and deepening of reform, China is steering its foreign trade control system gradually towards standardization and legifimafization. The State continues to reform and perfect its control over the issue of import and export licences, gradually instituting a complete system in line with the actual Chinese conditions.

Balance of Import-Export Achieved in China's Foreign Trade

China’s foreign trade has seen sustained and high speed development this year. Its US$12.18 billion unfavourable balance in trade last year changed quickly with a gradual monthly and quarterly increase in exports and a slow-down in import. By the end of July, the balance of exports and imports has been basically achieved. According to statistics of customs office the total volume of exports and imports for the first seven months of 1994