Aerophilic Triphase Interface Tuned by Carbon Dots Driving Durable and Flexible Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with oxygen-rich active sites was designed and constructed for both ORR and OER by a facile carbon dot-assisted strategy.The aerophilic triphase interface of Co@C–O–Cs cathode efficiently boosts oxygen diffusion and transfer.The theoretical calculations and experimental studies revealed that the Co–C–COC active sites can redistribute the local charge density and lower the reaction energy barrier.The Co@C–O–Cs catalyst displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V for ORR and an ultralow overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER.Moreover,it can drive the liquid ZABs with high peak power density(106.4 mW cm^(−2)),specific capacity(720.7 mAh g^(−1)),outstanding long-term cycle stability(over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm^(−2)),and exhibits excellent feasibility in flexible all-solid-state ZABs.These findings provide new insights into the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable metal-air batteries.

虚拟I/O模块在DCS以太网通信接口模块上的实现

为减少硬件模块的重复开发,在保留原DCS软硬件系统架构不变的基础上,在以太网通信接口模块硬件上虚拟不同的I/O模块。虚拟I/O模块与硬点I/O模块具有一致的输入、输出及参数属性,且组态方式和产物格式一致。同一以太网通信模块上可在不同的虚拟I/O槽位上配置不同的虚拟I/O模块,如Modbus TCP虚拟I/O模块和GOOSE虚拟I/O模块,进而在同一硬件实现不同的通信功能。虚拟I/O模块的使用一方面减少了DCS系统硬件模块的种类,简化备品备件,另一方面也提高了通信扩展的灵活性和便利性。

Interface electron collaborative migration of Co–Co3O4/carbon dots:Boosting the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane

Ammonia borane(AB)is an excellent candidate for the chemical storage of hydrogen.However,its practical utilization for hydrogen production is hindered by the need for expensive noble-metal-based catalysts.Herein,we report Co-Co3O4 nanoparticles(NPs)facilely deposited on carbon dots(CDs)as a highly efficient,robust,and noble-metal-free catalyst for the hydrolysis of AB.The incorporation of the multiinterfaces between Co,Co3O4 NPs,and CDs endows this hybrid material with excellent catalytic activity(rB=6816 mLH2 min^-1 gCo^-1)exceeding that of previous non-noble-metal NP systems and even that of some noble-metal NP systems.A further mechanistic study suggests that these interfacial interactions can affect the electronic structures of interfacial atoms and provide abundant adsorption sites for AB and water molecules,resulting in a low energy barrier for the activation of reactive molecules and thus substantial improvement of the catalytic rate.

基于Cr-O-C钝化层改变多晶Cu表面能和表层位错的脱模力与脱模精度

Cr-O-C钝化层可以提高精密电铸脱模精度,但Cr-O-C钝化层对基底表面的钝化规律和对表层的影响尚未清楚。利用分子动力学方法,在多晶Cu表面沉积离散的Cr、O和C原子,获得不同比例和数量的Cr-O-C钝化层。计算结果表明,不同比例的Cr、O和C原子均可以大幅降低多晶Cu的表面能;随着原子数量的增加,多晶Cu的表面能呈下降趋势;Cr-O-C钝化层增加了多晶Cu表层的位错密度;新增加的位错以Shockley位错为主;在一定沉积原子数量内,位错密度有极值。在多晶Cu表面电沉积不同密度的Cr、O和C原子,通过接触角测试验证了Cr-O-C钝化层降低多晶Cu表面能的结论。电沉积脱模强度和脱模表面粗糙度结果显示,随着沉积原子数的增加,脱模强度和脱模表面粗糙度均降低。研究结果可为利用离散Cr-O-C界面辅助精密电铸脱模提供一种解释。

Study on Interface between Sub-micron Particles and Matrix in Al_2O_3p/Al Composites

The microstructural characteristic of 1070AI matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 祄 AI2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well, without any interfacial reaction products. There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and AI2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.

Formation of Uniform Oil-Soluble Fe_3O_4 Nanoparticles via Oil-Water Interface System

Nowadays,the novel oil water interface method has attracted a considerable attention owing to the advantages of mild reaction conditions,simple operation,low cost,and high efficiency.In this paper,uniform oil-soluble Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) were synthesized by oil-water interface method from mixing iron tristearate of 0.067mol/L in cyclohexane with ferrous sulfate in water.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).TEM images and XRD profiles showed that the size of the oil-soluble products ranged in 1.7-6.9 nm.VSM indicated that the Fe_3O_4 NPs were superparamagetic.FT-IR and TGA proved that oleic acid was combined to the surface of Fe_3O_4 NPs closely.TEM images and XRD profiles revealed that the most suitable reaction concentration of NH_3·H_2O,oleic acid/water in volume,reaction temperature and reaction time were 4.5 mol/L,50:1 000,80℃ and 6 h,respectively.The formation mechanism of the nearly monodispersed Fe_3O_4 NPs was that the preformed Fe_3O_4 nuclei were capped by oleic acid as early as the nucleation occurred in oil-water interface and subsequently entered into oil phase to stop growing.

THE SiO_(2)H_(2)O INTERFACE AND EFFECTS ON QUARTZ ACTIVATION IN FLOTATION SYSTEM

The correlation between surface complexation at the SiO_(2)H_(2)O interface and quartz notation behavior was studied.Computer assisted calculations,using the programs SOLGASWATER,were adapted in order to con-struct distribution diagrams of surface speciation in the SiO_(2)-metal ion-H^(+) system in aqueous solutions.Equilib-rium constants for both surface and solution reactions were introduced in the composition matrix.Surface complexation,surface charge as well as notation results were compared and a good agreement was obtained.Furthermore,flotation mechanisms of quartz activation by common metal ions like Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Fe^(2+) are quantitatively discussed based on the surface reaction equilibrium constants.

The Film-forming Behavior on the Interface between Air and Hydrosol of Fe_2O_3 Nanoparticles

The film forming behavior on the interface between air and hydrosol of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was investigated by the surface pressure-time isotherms, the surface pressure-trough area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the freshly prepared hydrosol of Fe2O3 nanoparticles is not stable. The surface pressure increases with the aging time and finally approaches a constant, and the smaller the concentration is, the smaller the surface pressure is stabilized at and the shorter the time the hydrosol reaching stable needs. The surface pressure also increases with compression until collapsed, and the longer the hydrosol is aged, the higher the collapsing pressure is. A uniform and compact film composed of nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 2-3 nm on the air-hydrosol interface is observed by Brewster angle microscope and transmission electron microscope.

Interface states in Al_2O_3/AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor structure by frequency dependent conductance technique

Frequency dependent conductance measurements are implemented to investigate the interface states in Al2O3/A1GaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） structures. Two types of device structures, namely, the recessed gate structure （RGS） and the normal gate structure （NGS）, are studied in the experiment. Interface trap parameters includ-ing trap density Dit, trap time constant ιit, and trap state energy ET in both devices have been determined. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrate that the gate recess process can induce extra traps with shallower energy levels at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface due to the damage on the surface of the AlGaN barrier layer resulting from reactive ion etching （RIE）.

Research of Trap and Electron Density Distributions in the Interface of Polyimide/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Films Based on IDC and SAXS

The distributions of traps and electron density in the interfaces between polyimide （PI） matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles are researched using the isothermal decay current and the small-angle x-ray scattering （SAXS） tests. According to the electron density distribution for quasi two-phase mixture doped by spherical nanoparticles, the electron densities in the interfaces of PI/Al2O3 nanocomposite films are evaluated. The trap level density and carrier mobility in the interface are studied. The experimental results show that the distribution and the change rate of the electron density in the three layers of interface are different, indicating different trap distributions in the interface layers. There is a maximum trap level density in the second layer, where the maximum trap level density for the nanocomposite film doped by 25 wt% is 1.054 × 10^22 eV·m^-3 at 1.324eV, resulting in the carrier mobility reducing. In addition, both the thickness and the electron density of the nanocomposite film interface increase with the addition of the doped Al2O3 contents. Through the study on the trap level distribution in the interface, it is possible to further analyze the insulation mechanism and to improve the performance of nano-dielectric materials.

基于Mirror Driver的屏幕图像捕捉技术

目前各类非高依赖DirectDraw应用中屏幕捕捉技术存在效率低下、捕捉遗漏、光标丢失以及不够稳定等问题。为此,提出基于镜像显示驱动的屏幕图像捕捉方案。设计并实现内核驱动,通过捕捉鼠标光标移动路径中的关键点再现光标轨迹,并对捕获到的变化区域集进行优化合并。实验结果证明,该方案能快速稳定地捕捉屏幕上的变化区域图像,实现光标的移动捕捉。

THE TRANSFER BEHAVIOUR OF SOME CATIONS AT WATER/NITROBENZENE INTERFACE BY SEMIDIFFERENTIAL CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY

The transfer of Sr^2+ and Ba^2+ ion,facilitated by 18-crown-6 present in the aqueous phase,and of succinylcholine ion at w/nb interface were investigated by semi-differeniial cyclic voltammetry.A good polarographic curve of succinylcholine ion dissolved in water was obtained in the system of 0.01 mol/l LiCl(w)-0.01mol/l TBATPB(nb).The peak current is directly proportional to the concentration of SC^2+ ion.It can be used for the determination of SC and the detection limit is 1.05×10^-5mol/l,The apparent D^m and D^mb have been estimated.The transfer of Sr^2+ and of Ba^2+ at the interface are facilitated by 18-Crown-6 present in the aqueous phase and the peak current is directly proportional to the concentration of 18-Crown-6 in water.This method can be used for the determination of the complexing agent and for the stability constant of the complex formed in the aqueous phase.All the experimental results are in keeping with the theoretical.

Study on the interfacial reactions of Ti/AIN joints

Based on the phase equilibrium calculation of the Ti-Al-N ternary system, the interfacial reactions and the phase formation sequences between different types of joints, （Ti matrix）/（AlN particles）, （Ti particles）/（AlN plate）, and （Ti plate）/（AlN plate）, were analyzed theoretically under the reported experimental conditions, Different phase formation sequences for the three kinds of Ti/AlN joints were obtained, It proved that the different phase sequences of both the phase formation sequences and the apparent spatial phase sequences are dominated by the relative amounts and the distribution of the two pairs in the diffusion couples, The theoretical prediction can explain the experimental observations well.

THE INTERFACIAL BEHAVIORS OF ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITE IN DIFFERENT WELDING METHODS

Non-interlayer liquid phase diffusion welding (China Patent) and laser welding methods for aluminum matrix composite are mainly described in this paper. In the non-interlayer liquid phase diffusion welding, the key processing parameters affecting the strength of joint is welding temperature. When temperature rises beyond solidus temperature, the bonded line vanishes. The strength of joint reaches the maximum and becomes constant when welding temperature is close to liquid phase temperature. Oxide film in the interface is no longer detected by SEM in the welded joint. With this kind of technique, particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite Al2 O3p/6061Al is welded successfully, and the joint strength is about 80% of the strength of composite (as-casted). In the laser welding, results indicate that because of the huge specific surface area of the reinforcement, the interfacial reaction between the matrix and the reinforcement is restrained intensively at certain laser power and pulsed laser beam. The laser pulse frequency directly affects the reinforcement segregation and the reinforcement distribution in the weld, so that the weldability of the composite could be improved by increasing the laser pulse frequency. The maximum strength of the weld can reach 70% of the strength of the parent.

Manipulating interfacial stability of LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 cathode with sulfide electrolyte by nanosized LLTO coating to achieve high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) based on sulfide solid-state electrolytes and high voltage layered oxide cathode are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for energy storage systems with high energy density and high safety.However,they usually suffer poor cathode/electrolyte interfacial stability,severely limiting their practical applications.In this work,a core-shell cathode with uniformly nanosized Li0.5La0.5TiO3(LLTO) electrolyte coating on LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2(NCM532) is designed to improve the cathode/electrolyte interface stability.Nanosized LLTO coating layer not only significantly boosts interfacial migration of lithium ions,but also efficiently alleviates space-charge layer and inhibits the electrochemical decomposition of electrolyte.As a result,the assembled ASSLBs with high mass loading(9 mg cm-2)LLTO coated NCM532(LLTO@NCM532) cathode exhibit high initial capacity(135 mAh g^(-1)) and excellent cycling performance with high capacity retention(80% after 200 cycles) at 0.1 C and 25℃.This nanosized LLTO coating layer design provides a facile and effective strategy for constructing high performance ASSLBs with superior interfacial stability.

A Practical Pll-Based Drive Circuit with Ultra-Low-Noise Tia for Mems Gyroscope

A novel phase-locked loop( PLL)-based closed-loop driving circuit with ultra-low-noise trans-impedance amplifier( TIA) is proposed. The TIA is optimized to achieve ultra-low input-referred current noise. To track drive-mode resonant frequency and reduce frequency jitter of actuation voltage,a PLL-based driving technique is adopted. Implemented on printed circuit board( PCB),the proposed driving loop has successfully excited MEMS element into resonance,with a settling time of 3 s. The stable frequency and amplitude of TIA output voltage are 10.14 KHz and 800 mVPP,respectively. With sense-channel electronics,the gyroscope exhibits a scale factor of 0.04 mV/°/s and a bias instability of 57.6°/h,which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed driving circuit.

基于水溶性煤沥青的MnO@C复合材料的制备及储锂性能研究

目的制备出具有高容量、良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性的MnO@C复合电极材料。方法使用水溶性煤沥青及KMnO4为原料,通过水热法制备出Mn3O4@C前驱体。然后经过高温碳热还原制备MnO@C复合电极材料。通过SEM、XPS、XRD和Raman等分析技术对MnO@C复合材料的形貌、表面、结构等进行表征,并使用循环伏安、恒流充放电和电化学阻抗等电化学分析技术对其电化学性能进行了评价。结果TEM和SEM结果表明,制备的水溶性煤沥青表面丰富的含氧官能团与MnSO4溶液中的Mn2+之间有较强的相互作用,提供成核位点,进而促进了后续MnO@C材料中纳米颗粒的形成和均匀生长。这些纳米粒子的形成又起到了提升MnO@C电化学性能的作用。XRD、Raman和XPS结果表明,Mn3O4@C前驱体经过高温碳热还原反应生成MnO@C后,在MnO表面和包覆的碳材料之间生成了大量的Mn—O—C键。电化学结果表明,MnO@C电极在0.1 A/g电流密度下循环100圈后具有606.47 mAh/g较高的储锂容量,即使是在0.5 A/g大电流密度下循环400圈后仍具有293.83 m Ah/g的储锂容量。同时,电化学测试也表明,MnO@C复合材料具有非常好的倍率性能。结论使用鞍钢产的煤沥青根据混酸法制备了水溶性煤沥青。通过使用水溶性煤沥青和KMnO4成功地制备了Mn3O4@C前驱体。以Mn3O4@C前驱为原料,通过高温碳热还原法制备了MnO@C复合材料。在MnO表面包覆碳层不仅提供活性位点而且起到限制在充放电过程中MnO体积膨胀的作用。特别值得注意的是,Mn—O—C键构筑了MnO和碳层之间的快速导电通道,提升了电极反应动力学。

Temperature-induced hydrophobicity transition of MXene membrane for directly preparing W/O emulsions

Although hydrophilic membranes are desired for reducing resistance to water permeation, hydrophilic surfaces are not used in the water-in-oil(W/O) membrane emulsification process because water spreads on the hydrophilic surface without forming droplets. Here, we report that a hydrophilic ceramic membrane can form a hydrophobic interface in diesel at a higher temperature;interestingly, the experiments show that the contact angle increases when the temperature rises. The hydrophilic membrane surface evolves into a hydrophobic interface, particularly near the boiling point of water, resulting in a water contact angle of 147.5° ± 1.2°. This work established a method for preparing W/O monodispersed emulsions by direct emulsification of hydrophilic ceramic membranes at a temperature close to the boiling point of water.Additionally, it made high flux of membrane emulsification of monodispersed W/O emulsions possible,which satisfied the industrial requirements of fluidized catalytic cracking in the petrochemical industry.

一种带DMA功能的I/O可配置I^(2)C总线接口的设计

为了利用DMA可以快速移动数据,不需要CPU任何操作来减轻MCU的工作量,并使得接口模块的每个引脚可以根据需求编程为I^(2)C引脚或通用输入输出引脚,介绍了一种带DMA功能的I/O可配置I2C总线接口设计。对I^(2)C总线的基本原理、I^(2)C模块总体结构、DMA功能和I/O可配置功能的设计实现进行了介绍。对该接口设计进行了功能仿真,分析表明实现了I^(2)C接口DMA功能和I/O可配置功能两种模式下的数据传输,完全满足设计要求。

造纸机分布传动可编程控制器PCC系统的应用

PCC可编程控制器以其强大的数据处理能力、高运算速度和可靠网络连接等优势,在在造纸工业中得到广泛应用,充分发挥其优势有助于推进造纸机的智能化发展、提升造纸机的技术水平。对此,简述了PCC系统控制原理,设计了以PCC B&R 2005为主控制器、操作面板为人机界面、PROFIBUS现场总线为通信方式的造纸机分布传动控制系统,对系统中主要硬件选型与配置、系统通信方式、下位机软件设计等进行了详细说明,并基于组态王与PCC进行造纸机分布传动上位机监控界面的设计,以期提高造纸机分布传动控制系统的控制精度、实时性和稳定性。