Heat dissipation enhancement method for finned heat sink for AGV motor driver's IGBT module

With the widespread use of high-power and highly integrated insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT),their cooling methods have become challenging.This paper proposes a liquid cooling scheme for heavy-duty automated guided vehicle(AGV)motor driver in port environment,and improves heat dissipation by analyzing and optimizing the core component of finned heat sink.Firstly,the temperature distribution of the initial scheme is studied by using Fluent software,and the heat transfer characteristics of the finned heat sink are obtained through numerical analysis.Secondly,an orthogonal test is designed and combined with the response surface methodology to optimize the structural parameters of the finned heat sink,resulting in a 14.57%increase in the heat dissipation effect.Finally,the effectiveness of heat dissipation enhancement is verified.This work provides valuable insights into improving the heat dissipation of IGBT modules and heat sinks,and provides guidance for their future applications.

Thermal fatigue behaviors of SiC power module by Ag sinter joining under harsh thermal shock test

The excellent properties of SiC bring new challenges for the device packaging.In this study,the bonding strength,fracture behaviors and microstructural evolution of micron-porous Ag joint were elevated during thermal cycling(–50 ℃–250 ℃) in SiC/DBC(direct bonding copper) die attachment structure for different time.During harsh thermal shock test,the strength of sintered joint deceased gradually with the increase of cycling number,and the value just was half of the value of as-sintered after 1 000 cycles.Coarsening of Ag grains was observed in micron-porous joint with the structure inhomogeneity and defects increasing,which were the reasons of the strength decease.In addition,it was also found that the fracture behavior of sintered joints was changed from ductile deformation of Ag grain to brittle fracture of crack propagation after 1 000 cycles.This study will add the understanding in the mechanical properties of Ag sinter joining and its applications at high temperature.

Thermal-Hydraulic System Study of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) for ITER Using System Code RELAP5

The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.

Design and Experimental Investigation for Subsea Control Module Test System

As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be carried out before launching SCMs.This study developed a testing device and an SCM test by investigating SCMs and their underwater.The testing device includes four parts:a hydraulic station,an SCM test stand,a signal generating device,and an electronic test unit.First,the basic indices of the testing device were determined from the performance and working parameters of the SCM.Second,the design scheme of the testing device for the SCM was tentatively proposed,and each testing device was designed.Finally,a practical measurement of the SCM,in combination with the hydraulic station,SCM test stand,signal generator,electronic unit,and highpressure water tank,was carried out according to the test requirements.The measurement mainly involved equipment inspection before testing and an experimental test for the SCM.The validity and feasibility of the testing device and method were simultaneously verified through an association test.

Lifetime estimation of IGBT module using square-wave loss discretization and power cycling test

The insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)module is one of the most age-affected components in the switch power supply, and its reliability prediction is conducive to timely troubleshooting and reduction in safety risks and unnecessary costs. The pulsed current pattern of the accelerator power supply is different from other converter applications;therefore, this study proposed a lifetime estimation method for IGBT modules in pulsed power supplies for accelerator magnets. The proposed methodology was based on junction temperature calculations using square-wave loss discretization and thermal modeling.Comparison results showed that the junction temperature error between the simulation and IR measurements was less than 3%. An AC power cycling test under real pulsed power supply applications was performed via offline wearout monitoring of the tested power IGBT module. After combining the IGBT4 PC curve and fitting the test results,a simple corrected lifetime model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the lifetime of the IGBT module,which can be employed for the accelerator pulsed power supply in engineering. This method can be applied to other IGBT modules and pulsed power supplies.

Thermo-Mechanical Analyses of the High Heat Flux Component for ITER Dual Functional Lithium Lead Test Blanket Module

The finite element code ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature and stress distributions for the first wall of DFLL-TBM （dual functional lithium lead-test blanket module）, for testing in ITER. Preliminary analyses indicate that not only the low temperature design rules, the well-known 3Sin rules, are satisfied for the first wall, but the additional high temperature structural design criteria for the creep damage limits and creep-ratcheting limits are met as well.

The embedded design verification test of microwave circuit modules based on specific chips

In the Paper,the author introduces an embedded design verification test based on specific chips to solve the technical problems of microwave circuit test and fault diagnosis.The author explains embedded design of microwave circuit modules and approach of hardware design and software design,and finally verifies the embedded design of microwave circuit modules based on specific chips.

虚拟I/O模块在DCS以太网通信接口模块上的实现

为减少硬件模块的重复开发,在保留原DCS软硬件系统架构不变的基础上,在以太网通信接口模块硬件上虚拟不同的I/O模块。虚拟I/O模块与硬点I/O模块具有一致的输入、输出及参数属性,且组态方式和产物格式一致。同一以太网通信模块上可在不同的虚拟I/O槽位上配置不同的虚拟I/O模块,如Modbus TCP虚拟I/O模块和GOOSE虚拟I/O模块,进而在同一硬件实现不同的通信功能。虚拟I/O模块的使用一方面减少了DCS系统硬件模块的种类,简化备品备件,另一方面也提高了通信扩展的灵活性和便利性。

基于YOLO-OpenMax的水声通信信号开集识别方法

水声通信信号调制方式随着技术进步从典型的传统调制方式发展为水声通信机厂商私有开发的新型调制方式,这使得现有的水声通信信号闭集调制识别技术实用性受到制约,但现阶段鲜有研究基于深度学习的水声通信信号调制方式的开集识别方法。针对此现状,提出一种基于YOLO图像检测识别网络和OpenMax模型的开集识别方法。利用YOLOv5网络的输出特点,将传统OpenMax模型的处理方法进行改进,提出一种两步测试方法,实现了在多径信道下的水声通信信号的开集识别。仿真实验表明:在归一化系数为0.5,信噪比等于10 dB条件下的归一化开集识别准确率达到90%以上,实测数据同样验证了本文方法的有效性。

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Hydrodynamic Interactions of Two VLFS Modules Deployed in Tandem

This paper numerically and experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic interaction between two semi-submersible type VLFS modules in the frequency domain. Model tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between interactions and wave headings. Numerical studies were performed by solving the radiation-diffraction problem and were validated against the experimental results. Motion Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) were obtained from numerical and experimental studies. The dependency of the hydrodynamic interaction effect on wave headings is clarified. The influence of different wave periods on the motion responses of two-module VLFS and wave elevations in the gap is studied. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic interactions of the two modules are directly related to the wave headings and the periods of the incident wave. The shielding effect plays an important role in short wave, and the influence decreases with the increase of the incident wavelength. The numerical results based on the diffraction-radiation code can give a relatively good estimation to the responses in short wave while for long wave, it would over-predict the response.

基于Python模块及XML的自动化测试平台设计与实现

针对仪器设备自动测试开发和应用中商用软件体量大、价格贵、学习成本高等问题,利用开源语言Python和XML配置方式,将自动化测试中共性的用户界面设计、测试用例开发、序列管理、测试执行、数据存储方式等内容设计为统一的应用平台。基于PySide6模块的界面设计功能、多线程技术、信号和槽机制,实现了应用平台中各模块的松耦合以及消息的跨对象传递。通过可视化界面配置门限、测试用例、仪表和被测件信息,形成用XML语言描述信息和存储数据的序列文件。使用某波导微带线的S参数自动测试应用验证本平台软件,结果表明,该平台软件大大降低了用户编写和迁移测试用例的难度,缩短了开发周期,满足小型项目自动测试快速开发和应用的需求。

Mechanical Integrity and Failure Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules under Simulated Snow Loads Using Pneumatic Airbag Setup

Photovoltaic (PV) modules have emerged as an ideal technology of choice for harvesting vastly available renewable energy resources. However, the efficiency of PV modules remains significantly lower than that of other renewable energy sources such as wind and hydro. One of the critical elements affecting a photovoltaic module’s efficiency is the variety of external climatic conditions under which it is installed. In this work, the effect of simulated snow loads was evaluated on the performance of PV modules with different types of cells and numbers of busbars. According to ASTM-1830 and IEC-1215 standards, a load of 5400 Pa was applied to the surface of PV modules for 3 hours. An indigenously developed pneumatic airbag test setup was used for the uniform application of this load throughout the test, which was validated by load cell and pressure gauge. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging and solar flash tests were performed before and after the application of load to characterize the performance and effect of load on PV modules. Based on these tests, the maximum power output, efficiency, fill factor and series resistance were determined. The results show that polycrystalline modules are the most likely to withstand the snow loads as compared to monocrystalline PV modules. A maximum drop of 32.13% in the power output and a 17.6% increase in series resistance were observed in the modules having more cracks. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the newly established test setup and the potential of snow loads for reducing the overall performance of PV module.

MoS_(2)核壳球上氧掺杂的动力学调制及其电化学分解水效应

在氩气气氛中900℃煅烧前驱物MoS_(2)核壳超级球得到MoS_(2)核壳球。在升温速率为20、10、5、2℃·min^(-1)时,MoS_(2)核壳球上氧掺杂量分别从前驱物的23.1%降低到17.6%、10.8%、5.5%、6.2%。结果表明较低的升温速率可以导致更低的氧掺杂量。基于前驱物特殊的准分子超晶格结构,提出了原位阴离子交换反应机理,以深入理解MoS_(2)核壳球上氧掺杂的动力学调制机理。电化学性能研究表明通过调制氧掺杂量可以有效改善MoS_(2)核壳球电化学分解水的性能。

PV Capacity Evaluation Using ASTM E2848: Techniques for Accuracy and Reliability in Bifacial Systems

A variety of test methodologies are commonly used to assess if a photovoltaic system can perform in line with expectations generated by a computer simulation. One of the commonly used methodologies across the PV industry is an ASTM E2848. ASTM E2848-13, 2023 test method provides measurement and analysis procedures for determining the capacity of a specific photovoltaic system built in a particular place and in operation under natural sunlight. This test method is mainly used for acceptance testing of newly installed photovoltaic systems, reporting of DC or AC system performance, and monitoring of photovoltaic system performance. The purpose of the PV Capacity Test and modeled energy test is to verify that the integrated system formed from all components of the PV Project has a production capacity that achieves the Guaranteed Capacity and the Guaranteed modeled AEP under measured weather conditions that occur when each PV Capacity Test is conducted. In this paper, we will be discussing ASTM E2848 PV Capacity test plan purpose and scope, methodology, Selection of reporting conditions (RC), data requirements, calculation of results, reporting, challenges, acceptance criteria on pass/fail test results, Cure period, and Sole remedy for EPC contractors for bifacial irradiance.

地层测试工具耐230℃O型密封圈优选试验研究

为了在设计地层测试工具的过程中优选出抗高温、承高压、抗腐蚀能力强及密封性好的O型橡胶密封圈,研制了可满足多型号O型密封圈共用的模拟试验工装。该工装可模拟高温高压条件以及密封圈的不同的装配方式,进行性能评价试验;同时以适应工程应用为评价原则设计了一套充分模拟地层测试作业中温度、压力变化过程和边界参数的评价试验方法,对多个型号的耐高温的O型密封圈开展了试验评价。针对230℃/105 MPa地层测试工具设计,优选出了3种具有较好的高温承压能力和密封持久性能的密封圈,其基材是全氟醚橡胶,在浓度20%的盐酸中浸泡96 h,经两次升温至230℃,一次降温至常温的温度交变过程中,都能反复承受长达48 h的高压(105 MPa)密封测试,该试验为加快高温高压测试工具的研发进程奠定了基础。

基于.NET Framework技术的测试用例系统设计

软件测试环节直接影响着产品的成败,本文所介绍的测试用例系统设计是使用基于.NET的面向对象的可视化编程工具与SQL Server数据库相结合,采用应用服务器技术的C/S架构,按项目测试流程进行设计,把测试用例融入项目设计中,贯穿整个开发过程,大大减少重复工作量以及充分发挥每个人的效率,提高测试效率和速度。所设计的系统包括用户管理,项目管理,测试用例库管理,缺陷管理等功能模块,集成安全性与可维护性,实现集中管理,使整个软件系统开发的业务周期缩短、开发成本降低,也同步提高项目的核心竞争力。

基于热氧加速老化试验的O型密封圈寿命评估

以某型水下发射动力装置密封结构中O型密封圈为研究对象,研究其性能退化规律,准确预测评估其使用寿命。对新品和已经使用老化11年的旧品分别开展恒定温度应力下的热氧老化试验,依据阿伦尼乌斯模型和试验数据建立了密封圈老化程度和时间的老化动力学方程,建立了环境温度和老化反应速率的关系。在使用环境温度为25℃的前提下,得到新品的使用寿命约为13.7 a,已使用老化11年的旧品的使用寿命约为3.0 a,旧品的实际使用寿命约为14.0 a。结果表明,试验数据与实际结果较为吻合,该密封圈的实际使用寿命在14 a左右,为装备的使用维护提供了参考依据。

Dental Treatment Using Quantum Mechanics for Knee Joint Pain

In clinical practice, dentists sometimes encounter phenomena that cannot be explained by modern western medical concepts;for example, the patient’s medical symptoms improve by bringing medicines or dentures close to the body. Although it seems difficult to completely elucidate the mechanism through modern western medicine, it can be explained using quantum mechanics. The quantum, the smallest unit of matter composition, exhibits wave-particle duality. The fact that symptoms can be improved simply by bringing dentures or medicines closer to the body indicates that the waves emitted by dentures or medicines interfere with the pathological waves emitted by the pathological site. Thus, the pathological waves are deformed and lead to a change in symptoms. In this way, quantum theory can explain phenomena that are difficult to elucidate in conventional medicine, which are encountered in clinical practice. So far, the author has presented a case of difficulty in raising the upper limb where the symptoms improved without the need for dentures in the mouth by adjusting the dentures outside the mouth. This time, the author would like to introduce a case which the patient’s knee pain improved by adjusting the dentures outside the mouth.

高速动车组输入输出模块(RIOM)接地方式优化分析

文章对在线运行动车组输入输出模块(RIOM)通信故障较高的问题进行了探究。为了有效降低输入输出模块(RIOM)的故障率,提高在线运行动车组的准点率,首先,对输入输出模块(RIOM)的控制原理进行了分析,对典型故障的输入输出模块(RIOM)进行现车数据分析、地面脉冲测试,分析故障原因;然后,对输入输出模块(RIOM)在两种接地方式工况下的通信抗干扰能力进行对比分析;最后,通过对比发现输入输出模块(RIOM)接地方式优化后的抗干扰能力明显增强,有效提升输入输出模块(RIOM)的可靠性。