Soft–strong supporting mechanism of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal seams threatened by rockburst

When gob-side entry retaining is implemented in deep coal seams threatened by rockburst, the cementbased supporting body beside roadway will bear greater roof pressure and strong impact load. Then the supporting body may easily deform and fail because of its low strength in the early stage. This paper established the roadside support mechanical model of gob-side entry retaining. Based on this model,we proposed and used the soft–strong supporting body as roadside support in the gob-side entry retaining. In the early stage of roof movement, the soft–strong supporting body has a better compressibility, which can not only relieve roof pressure and strong impact load, but also reduce the supporting resistance and prevent the supporting body from being crushed. In the later stage, with the increase of the strength of the supporting body, it can better support the overlying roof. The numerical simulation results and industrial test show that the soft–strong supporting body as roadside support can be better applied into the gob-side entry retaining in deep coal seams threatened by rockburst.

Cable-truss supporting system for gob-side entry driving in deep mine and its application

In order to solve the large deformation controlling problem for surrounding rock of gob-side entry driving under common cable anchor support in deep mine, site survey, physical modeling experiment, numerical simulation and field measurement were synthetically used to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock. Besides, applicability analysis, prestress field distribution characteristics of surrounding rock and the control effect on large deformation of surrounding rock were also further studied for the gob-side entry driving in deep mine using the cable-truss supporting system. The results show that, first, compared with no support and traditional bolt anchor support, roof cable-truss system can effectively restrain the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks in the roof surrounding rock and arc shear cracks in the two sides, moreover, the broken development of surrounding rock, roof separation and extrusion deformation between the two sides of the roadway are all controlled; second, a prestressed belt of trapezoidal shape is generated in the surrounding rock by the cable-truss supporting system, and the prestress field range is wide. Especially, the prestress concentration belt in the shallow surrounding rock can greatly improve the anchoring strength and deformation resisting capability of the rock stratum;third, an optimized support system of ‘‘roof and side anchor net beam, roof cable-truss supporting system and anchor cable of the narrow coal pillar" was put forward, and the support optimization design and field industrial test were conducted for the gob-side entry driving of the working face 5302 in Tangkou Mine, from which a good supporting effect was obtained.

Analysis and application in controlling surrounding rock of support reinforced roadway in gob-side entry with fully mechanized mining

In order to optimize gob-side entry in fully-mechanized working face in moderate-thick-coal seams, we adopt a new attempt to pack roadside by pumping ordinary concrete, which is very important for the development of gob-side entry technology. The concrete has a long initial setting time and a low initial strength. So it is difficult to control the surrounding rock. In this paper, we analyze the effect of using roadside cable to reinforce supporting in gob-side entry surrounding rock controlling based on elas-tic-plastic and material mechanics knowledge. And then we propose a scheme that cable is used to reinforce roadside supporting and a single hydraulic prop is used as the temporary supporting in gob side. Using the numerical simulation software FLAC2D, we numerically simulated supporting scheme. Results of both the 2D modeling and the industrial test on No.3117 face in Jingang Mine prove that the scheme is feasible. The results show that the technology of protecting the roadway in gob-entry retained efficiently make up the deficiency of roadside packing with ordinary concrete, effectively control the roof strata and acquire a good result of retaining roadway.

Stability of coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata and its coupling support control technique

Considering the situation that it is difficult to control the stability of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata, the finite difference numerical simulation method was adopted to analyze the inner stress distribution and its evolution regularity, as well as the deformation characteristics of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving, in the whole process from entry driving of last working face to the present working face mining. A new method of narrow coal pillar control based on the triune coupling support technique (TCST), which includes that high-strength prestressed thread steel bolt is used to strain the coal on the goaf side, and that short bolt to control the integrity of global displacement zone in coal pillar on the entry side, and that long grouting cable to fix anchor point to constrain the bed separation between global displacement zone and fixed zone, is thereby generated and applied to the field production. The result indicates that after entry excavating along the gob under unstable overlying strata, the supporting structure left on the gob side of narrow coal pillar is basically invalid to maintain the coal-pillar stability, and the large deformation of the pillar on the gob side is evident. Except for the significant dynamic pressure appearing in the coal mining of last working face and overlying strata stabilizing process, the stress variation inside the coal pillar in other stages are rather steady, however, the stress expansion is obvious and the coal pillar continues to deform. Once the gob-side entry driving is completed, a global displacement zone on the entry side appears in the shallow part of the pillar, whereas, a relatively steady fixed zone staying almost still in gob-side entry driving and present working face mining is found in the deep part of the pillar. The application of TCST can not only avoid the failure of pillar supporting structure, but exert the supporting capacity of the bolting structure left in the pillar of last sublevel entry, thus to jointly maintain the stability of coal pillar.

贵州沿空留巷支护技术的分析与改进

针对贵州某煤矿沿空留巷在原有支护条件下,靠上帮一侧顶板以及下帮底角的岩层变形破坏较严重的情况,对巷道支护方式进行改进。利用数值模拟软件,对改进支护后的巷道围岩变形破坏情况进行分析。研究发现:改进支护后的巷道围岩变形破坏情况得到明显改善,改进后的支护方式能够较好地阻滞巷道上帮一侧顶板和下帮底角的岩层严重变形破坏,从而保持巷道围岩的完整性和稳定性,研究可为类似条件矿井沿空留巷的支护方式提供参考。

十八辊单机架轧机振动纹缺陷分析及应用

十八辊单机架轧机投产后出现振动纹缺陷,检查轧机液压缸、传动轴联轴器、电控系统、轧辊磨削工艺等方面,发现液压缸振动,存在压下控制速度过快、磁尺底座开焊、轧辊磨削工艺不合理等问题,通过更换压下液压缸、规范传动装置检查制度、调整轧机压下速度控制增益、增加自动震荡检测功能、优化轧辊磨削工艺等措施,该机轧后带钢的振动纹缺陷减少了91%,缺陷降级品≤0.01%。

四边固支板在均布荷载作用下的剪力分布规律

沉箱底板抗剪往往需要控制底板厚度,而现有剪力分布规律研究较少,针对此问题采用有限元方法进行不同组合工况的计算,研究四边固支板在均布荷载作用下,板边最大剪力分布以及最大剪力随板厚、边长、长宽比的变化关系,得出最大剪力与平均剪力之比的一般规律。研究结果表明:板边剪力分布呈类抛物线形,板边最大剪力值小于弹性薄板理论计算的最大剪力值;相同尺度和荷载情况下,矩形板厚度增大其板边最大剪力值将有所减小;矩形板尺度增大,板边最大剪力值将迅速增大且最大剪力与平均剪力之比也有所增大;对于常用沉箱纵横隔墙间距和底板厚度,板边最大剪力与平均剪力之比通常为1.3~1.6。总结剪力分布与仓格尺度的关系,旨在为类似工程设计提供参考。

基于力学模型构建的留巷切顶高度确定与围岩控制技术

以顺和煤矿2401运输巷道沿空留巷为工程背景,分析巷道围岩结构特征,基于巷道局部空间结构稳定性,分别构建了沿空留巷未切顶与切顶力学结构模型,并以巷道不同切顶高度进行物理相似模拟试验。结果表明:巷旁采空区切落的矸石增加对关键块的支撑力,同时弱化关键块对直接顶悬壁端部挤压,巷旁支护阻力减少35.78%;随着切顶高度增加,巷道顶板采空区侧端部悬臂由F型缓慢过渡到大I型,同时大保护结构具有向上平移趋势,相比于未切顶1巷,4 cm切顶2巷、8 cm切顶3巷与16 cm切顶4巷叠加应力峰值分别下降9.38%,28.13%,25.00%。结合巷道顶板岩性,最终确定切顶高度为8.2 m,留巷段采用三列单体液压支柱作巷旁支护,长短锚索超前补强,巷道围岩稳定,较好满足使用要求。

三软煤层沿空留巷顶板结构模型及合理支护研究

为了揭示三软煤层沿空留巷围岩变形机理,探索适用于三软煤层巷道围岩控制的新技术,通过切顶沿空留巷物理相似模拟实验,研究了不切顶普通支护、切顶高强支护和切顶普通支护3种条件下顶板岩层断裂演化过程,构建了三软煤层切顶留巷顶板结构力学模型,给出了支护阻力计算方法,在韩城矿区象山煤矿进行了现场工业性试验验证。研究表明:切顶技术切断了顶板的应力传递,巷内采用高强支护,使顶板形成稳定的“短悬臂-砌体梁”结构。现场监测结果显示,不切顶普通支护的留巷顶底板平均移近量1000~1200 mm,两帮平均移近量600~700 mm;切顶高强单体支护的留巷顶底板平均移近量200~300 mm,两帮平均移近量200~300 mm;切顶组合式支架支护的留巷顶底板平均移近量50~100 mm,两帮平均移近量100~200 mm。组合式支架高强支护能够较好地控制三软煤层沿空切顶留巷围岩变形,可实现留巷二次复用无返修。

深部极松软围岩沿空巷道稳定性控制及应用

针对深部高应力作用下极松软围岩变形量大、破碎程度高、巷道难支护等问题,以丁集煤矿1232(3)沿空巷道为工程背景,采用数值模拟、现场监测和井下试验相结合的方法,对深部高应力极松软围岩沿空巷道破坏特征及阶段性控制原理和技术进行研究。结果表明:随着距巷道迎头距离的不断增大,巷道两帮应力的不对称性逐渐增大,实体煤侧应力峰值为37.18 MPa大于煤柱侧35.21 MPa,1242(3)终采线50 m范围内存在应力集中,最大达33 MPa,巷道围岩塑性区发育程度为煤柱帮大于实体煤帮大于顶底板;从巷道掘进过程中所经历的复杂围岩变化过程,将全巷道划分为5种典型的围岩变化阶段来分析围岩变形破坏特征和破坏机理,揭示了在高应力作用下深部软岩沿空巷道围岩变形量大,在空间上呈现出明显的区域性和非对称性的特征;基于巷道初步设计方案和围岩变形破坏特征,及时有效的调整支护方案,对巷道进行分段式、非对称、区域化综合治理,形成深部软岩巷道围岩控制长效机制,为同类型深部软岩巷道地压治理提供了理论和技术支撑。

供给侧改革背景下金融支持辽宁制造业转型升级研究

推动制造业转型升级是深化供给侧结构性改革的重要途径,是振兴实体经济、推进产业转型发展的战略举措。金融业对制造业转型升级具有核心支持作用,辽宁作为传统制造业改造提升的领军地区,推动制造业转型升级迫在眉睫。辽宁制造业的转型升级取得了显著成绩,这离不开金融业的大力支持,但还存在一定的问题,需要从资本市场、银行信贷、期货市场、金融生态环境、财税优惠等方面入手,完善相关措施,加大金融对制造业转型升级的支持力度。

桩锚支护越冬基坑抗冻胀性能分析

为解决桩锚支护基坑的越冬问题,对该类基坑负温状态下的抗冻胀性能进行研究。可为实际工程中越冬基坑的桩锚支护设计提供参考依据。考虑锚杆的预应力、层数、间距及锚固长度等因素,运用FLCA^(3D)软件在负温状态下对桩锚支护基坑进行数值模拟研究,分析桩侧冻胀力及桩体位移的变化规律。结果表明锚杆预应力对基坑桩体水平位移影响非常显著,随基坑深度增加,桩侧冻胀力呈增-减-增趋势;随锚杆层数增加,桩体水平位移逐渐减小,而桩侧冻胀力逐渐增大;锚杆竖向间距对桩体的水平位移及桩侧冻胀力的影响较小,桩体水平位移越小,桩侧冻胀力越大;桩体水平位移及桩侧冻胀力随锚固长度增加而增大。研究结果可为桩锚支护越冬基坑的设计和应用提供指导和参考。

特厚煤层沿空掘巷围岩支卸协同控制技术

针对特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷大范围塑性全煤巷道锚网索的支护难题,以塔山煤矿8204-2小煤柱工作面为工程背景,采用现场实测、理论分析等方法,揭示了锚杆、锚索对沿空大范围塑性全煤巷道的支护机理。锚杆支护主要作用于浅部二次破碎区煤体,形成浅部连续承载结构;锚索主要作用于深部处于三向受力状态的稳定煤体,形成更大范围的连续稳定承载结构;进一步明确了锚杆、锚索有效长度的计算方法,形成了以高预紧力、高强“锚-网-索”支护为基础,以坚硬顶板井下磨料水射流切顶卸压、巷帮大直径钻孔卸压、底板卸压槽卸压为辅的“支卸协同”小煤柱沿空巷道围岩控制技术体系。工程应用结果表明,试验巷道围岩最大变形量小于700 mm,能够满足使用要求。

沿空留巷动压区大直径锚索强支护数值模拟分析

为确保车集煤矿高矿压工作面沿空留巷支护效果,结合工作面实际生产地质条件,采用FLAC^(3D)方法,开展数值模拟,为动压区大直径锚索主动支护方案提供依据。首先分析巷道开挖无支护条件下的围岩应力、位移、塑性破坏区的分布及变化规律;然后分析在支护条件下,2611下巷靠近工作面回采侧采用切顶卸压(切顶10 m)沿空留巷过程中采场矿压显现规律;最后分析采空区上覆岩层稳定过程中,2611下巷超前支护区、沿空留巷段围岩中的应力、塑性破坏区、位移变化和分布规律,为大直径锚索加强主动支护替代单体支护的可靠性提供依据。

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥无索区钢箱梁安装关键技术

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥为主跨2023 m的双塔三跨钢箱梁悬索桥。钢箱梁总长3563 m,边跨及桥塔处无索区钢箱梁均为非标准节段,长度为9.8~43.6 m,吊装重量为344~1330 t,涉及多种吊装方式及节段安装工艺,施工难度大。该桥边跨S33节段定位精度要求高、顶推难度大,利用特殊设计牛腿,顺利实现节段顶推及边跨合龙;边跨焊接线形精度要求高、工序转换复杂,S32和S31节段布设临时吊索系统,确保焊接线形可控;塔区工作平台上的S01、T00和M01单个节段利用特殊设计三向可调支架及导向架施工,确保浮吊吊装安全可靠及定位精度可控;S02和M02节段吊装时与已吊装节段在空间上相互干扰,通过布设牵引荡移系统,顺利实现塔区S02和M02节段缆载吊机大角度吊装及节段荡移;采用吊索调节装置、边跨反拉系统及4台缆载吊机同步抬吊等措施,塔区S01、T00和M01组拼焊接的大节段顺利合龙。

旧古建筑墙型钢组合单面支模施工技术的研究与应用

研究主要介绍古旧建筑墙新做现浇混凝土结构加固单面支模的相关施工技术,通过工程实例的应用提出了一种创新的型钢组合单面支模施工技术,成功解决了工程中的保留古旧砖墙新增现浇结构加固单面支模的施工技术难题,最大程度地保留墙体原始建筑风貌及特点,符合工程形象提升要求。

高应力沿空留巷协同让压机理研究

针对高应力沿空留巷围岩控制难题,基于峰值应变分别为2%、4%、6%的改性混凝土,提出了深井高应力下“顶板卸压-巷旁改性混凝土让压承载”协同作用的留巷围岩控制技术。运用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究切顶卸压后使用不同型号改性混凝土做巷旁支护体时留巷围岩应力分布规律与顶板变形特征。研究结果表明:(1)顶板卸压后,改性混凝土峰值应变越大,支护体内部裂隙数量越少,对顶板变形的适应能力越强,然而峰值应变较大的改性混凝土弹性模量较低,在留巷后期提供的支撑力较小,支护体内部垂直应力随改性混凝土峰值应变的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。(2)使用峰值应变为4%的混凝土做巷旁支护体时,支护体可以适应顶板变形并提供较高的支撑力,从而优化留巷围岩应力环境。

300 m^(2)级5车道隧道九硐室施工力学特性数值计算

针对深圳侨城东路宝鹏大型地下互通式立交涉及的300 m^(2)级5车道超大断面隧道,开展施工技术方案及结构受力研究.首先,提出一套“分硐室开挖+衬砌加强支护”的超大断面隧道九硐室开挖施工技术.然后,结合隧道几何尺寸及支护方案,建立Midas三维有限元数值计算模型探究5车道超大断面隧道开挖施工动态力学响应特性.最后,提取隧道各分部结构应力云图,统计特征测点应力及位移监测曲线.研究结果表明:施工期间需采用超前小导管+管棚注浆措施对围岩进行预加固;现场需通过双侧壁导坑+双临时横撑构成九硐室开挖工法,并采用双层初期支护+加强加厚二次衬砌支护方案;现场开挖施工后结构应力与位移呈现快速增加趋势,而后隧掌子面不断前移各统计曲线逐步趋于平稳;围岩压力峰值可达2.01 MPa,拱顶位置超前小导管内力值最大为10 kN,两侧拱腰位置管棚内力最高为20 kN,拱腰及拱脚位置钢拱架内力最大为113 kN,拱肩位置锁脚锚杆内力在第66开挖施工步达到18 kN;初支结构测点应力峰值为2.4 MPa;初支拱顶、拱肩部位沉降峰值分别为12.4、6.8 mm;管棚、锁脚锚杆等结构联合支护效果明显.

极近距离煤层采空区下沿空留巷技术研究

为了解决极近距离煤层采空区下多次回采影响的沿空留巷围岩严重变形难题,以山东新查庄矿业有限责任公司(以下简称“新查庄煤矿”)91006综采工作面为工程背景,研究分析了采空区下沿空留巷覆岩顶板结构特征及运动规律,通过建立顶板位态力学结构模型,确定了采空区下沿空留巷巷旁支护阻力计算方法,计算出巷旁支护阻力为3432 kN,提出了“水力压裂超前断顶+巷旁钢管混凝土墩柱高强支护”为主体的巷旁复合支护体系。利用超前断顶卸压技术将巷旁顶板由传递岩梁结构向短悬臂梁结构转变,大大降低巷旁支护阻力,与钢管混凝土墩柱的高强巷旁支护相结合,特别适用于采空区下的沿空留巷工程。通过在新查庄煤矿91006综采工作面试验应用表明,留巷取得了较好的效果,巷道表面整体变形量较小,满足工作面回采期间的要求。