为探究菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性及其影响因素,本研究使用Codon W 1.4.2软件和在线软件CUSP对筛选到的52个蛋白质编码序列进行密码子使用模式分析。结果表明:菘蓝叶绿体基因组密码子总GC含量(Total GC...为探究菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性及其影响因素,本研究使用Codon W 1.4.2软件和在线软件CUSP对筛选到的52个蛋白质编码序列进行密码子使用模式分析。结果表明:菘蓝叶绿体基因组密码子总GC含量(Total GC content of codon,GC_(all))为37.59%,密码子第1位碱基GC含量(GC content of the first base of codon,GC_(1))>密码子第2位碱基GC含量(GC content of the second base of codon,GC_(2))>密码子第3位碱基GC含量(GC content of the third base of codon,GC_(3)),且均小于50%,说明密码子第3位碱基拥有较低的GC含量且密码子偏好使用A或U。有效密码子数(Effective number of codon,ENC)值为35.92~55.32,密码子适应指数(Codon adaptation index,CAI)值为0.10~0.31,密码子偏好指数(Codon bias index,CBI)值为-0.24~0.20,最优密码子使用频率(Frequency of optimal codons,FOP)值为0.24~0.54,说明密码子使用偏好性较弱;通过中性绘图分析、PR2-plot分析、ENC-plot分析和对应性分析,发现菘蓝叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性受选择压力和突变等因素的共同影响,主要因素为自然选择。最优密码子分析共筛选出14个最优密码子,且均以A或U结尾。以上研究可为菘蓝的系统进化、环境适应性和种质改良提供理论基础。展开更多
This study was to investigate the effects of three exogenous substances on chemical constituents of Isatis indigotica leavesand their efficacy in alleviating drought stress, and explore the methods of applying exogeno...This study was to investigate the effects of three exogenous substances on chemical constituents of Isatis indigotica leavesand their efficacy in alleviating drought stress, and explore the methods of applying exogenous substances to efficient cultivationof Isatis indigotica. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to simulate drought stress to deal with seeds of Isatis indigotica at thegermination stage (concentration: 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Simultaneous operation of exogenous growth regulators [microbialinoculum (MI), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid (SA)] and PEG were implemented in seeds of Isatis indigotica.The effects of drought stress and the mitigation of exogenous substances were observed by statistics of seed germination potential,germination rate, hypocotyl length, and radicle length of each treatment. The effects of exogenous substances on the content ofalkaloids, crude protein and free amino acids in the leaves of Isatis indigotica grown in a greenhouse were determined after sprayingexogenous substances on the plants. The differences of germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length, and radicle lengthamong 15% PEG stress treatment, 10% PEG stress treatment and the control were significant (P<0.05). According to the predesignedgermination standard, the seeds did not germinate under 20% PEG stress treatment. When the PEG concentration was 15%, the resultsof seed germination potential and germination rate after adding MI were significantly different from those under stress alone (P<0.05).When exposed to 10% PEG stress, the supplementation of GABA led to a notable increase in radicle length of Isatis indigotica seeds,showing significant differences compared to other three treatments. The application of MI and GABA under 15% PEG stress resultedin a significant increase in the radicle and hypocotyl length of Isatis indigotica seeds compared to other two treatments. The contentof the total alkaloids in leaves of Isatis indigotica was significantly increased after spraying GABA. Meanwhile, the contents of crudeprotein and the total free amino acids were kept constant after spraying exogenous substances. Application of MI and GABA couldalleviate drought stress of Isatis indigotica. The content of the total alkaloids in leaves of Isatis indigotica could significantly increaseafter spraying GABA.展开更多
文摘为探究菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性及其影响因素,本研究使用Codon W 1.4.2软件和在线软件CUSP对筛选到的52个蛋白质编码序列进行密码子使用模式分析。结果表明:菘蓝叶绿体基因组密码子总GC含量(Total GC content of codon,GC_(all))为37.59%,密码子第1位碱基GC含量(GC content of the first base of codon,GC_(1))>密码子第2位碱基GC含量(GC content of the second base of codon,GC_(2))>密码子第3位碱基GC含量(GC content of the third base of codon,GC_(3)),且均小于50%,说明密码子第3位碱基拥有较低的GC含量且密码子偏好使用A或U。有效密码子数(Effective number of codon,ENC)值为35.92~55.32,密码子适应指数(Codon adaptation index,CAI)值为0.10~0.31,密码子偏好指数(Codon bias index,CBI)值为-0.24~0.20,最优密码子使用频率(Frequency of optimal codons,FOP)值为0.24~0.54,说明密码子使用偏好性较弱;通过中性绘图分析、PR2-plot分析、ENC-plot分析和对应性分析,发现菘蓝叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性受选择压力和突变等因素的共同影响,主要因素为自然选择。最优密码子分析共筛选出14个最优密码子,且均以A或U结尾。以上研究可为菘蓝的系统进化、环境适应性和种质改良提供理论基础。
基金the Doctoral Research Initiation Foundation of Changzhi Medical College(BS202005)。
文摘This study was to investigate the effects of three exogenous substances on chemical constituents of Isatis indigotica leavesand their efficacy in alleviating drought stress, and explore the methods of applying exogenous substances to efficient cultivationof Isatis indigotica. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to simulate drought stress to deal with seeds of Isatis indigotica at thegermination stage (concentration: 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Simultaneous operation of exogenous growth regulators [microbialinoculum (MI), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid (SA)] and PEG were implemented in seeds of Isatis indigotica.The effects of drought stress and the mitigation of exogenous substances were observed by statistics of seed germination potential,germination rate, hypocotyl length, and radicle length of each treatment. The effects of exogenous substances on the content ofalkaloids, crude protein and free amino acids in the leaves of Isatis indigotica grown in a greenhouse were determined after sprayingexogenous substances on the plants. The differences of germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length, and radicle lengthamong 15% PEG stress treatment, 10% PEG stress treatment and the control were significant (P<0.05). According to the predesignedgermination standard, the seeds did not germinate under 20% PEG stress treatment. When the PEG concentration was 15%, the resultsof seed germination potential and germination rate after adding MI were significantly different from those under stress alone (P<0.05).When exposed to 10% PEG stress, the supplementation of GABA led to a notable increase in radicle length of Isatis indigotica seeds,showing significant differences compared to other three treatments. The application of MI and GABA under 15% PEG stress resultedin a significant increase in the radicle and hypocotyl length of Isatis indigotica seeds compared to other two treatments. The contentof the total alkaloids in leaves of Isatis indigotica was significantly increased after spraying GABA. Meanwhile, the contents of crudeprotein and the total free amino acids were kept constant after spraying exogenous substances. Application of MI and GABA couldalleviate drought stress of Isatis indigotica. The content of the total alkaloids in leaves of Isatis indigotica could significantly increaseafter spraying GABA.