The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural val...The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.展开更多
With Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)increasing in number around the world,their conservation has become a new international research theme.From the perspective of combining theoretical analyses...With Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)increasing in number around the world,their conservation has become a new international research theme.From the perspective of combining theoretical analyses and practical case applications,this study examines the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)conservation pathways and operation mechanisms through industrial integration development(IID).First,the theoretical framework of IID in IAHS sites was constructed according to the requirements of IAHS conservation,which include analyses of the connotation and basic principles of IID,the necessity of IID for IAHS sites,the resource conditions,and the IID pathways.And then based on the theoretical framework,the IID of Longji Terraces in Guangxi,Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in Yunnan(HHRTS),Aohan Dryland Farming System in Inner Mongolia(ADFS),and Huzhou Mulberry-dyke&Fish-pond System(HMFS)in Zhejiang are analyzed systematically.The main finding is that IID is an effective pathway for IAHS conservation.However,the IID in IAHS sites must stress the ecological and cultural values of the resources;IID should be based on local resource advantages;and IID should attach importance to the combination of different policies and coordination between different stakeholders.展开更多
With the continuous emergence of global development problems,the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)have been assigned greater importance.However,due to th...With the continuous emergence of global development problems,the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)have been assigned greater importance.However,due to the complex structure,multi-component,dynamic,and open characteristics of IAHS,there are neglected problems which need to be solved in conservation practice,such as component element ambiguity,obscurity of the conservation redline,etc.This study defined the concept of key elements(KE)of IAHS,put forward a conceptual framework of KE identification,conducted empirical research by taking Honghe County of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System(HHRTS)as an example and analyzed the level of recognition motivations for different stakeholder groups.The following conclusions were drawn:1)The KE of HHRTS are grain crops,rice species biodiversity,terrace construction and maintenance technique,Hani traditional festivals,Hani traditional foods,and virgin forest;2)The reasons behind the KE priorities of farmers,businessmen and tourists were at the micro level,the reasons of officers were at the middle level and the reasons of researchers were at the macro level.The empirical study conducted in HHRTS showed that the proposed conceptual framework could identify KE of IAHS effectively,and provided a theoretical perspective for the structuring of and essential need for IAHS research.Moreover,the KE recognition levels of different stakeholder groups reflected their potential action strategies.We should focus on the coherence of policies and measures in both the microscale and macroscale to balance the diversified demands of stakeholders,and to stimulate their enthusiasm for participation in the conservation in order to improve the management level of IAHS sites.展开更多
目的 评价腹高压（IAH）及腹腔间隔综合征（ACS）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者呼吸功能的影响.方法 回顾分析90例SAP住院患者的临床资料.根据患者入院时测定的腹内压值分为：腹内压〈12 mm Hg组（腹内压正常组,n=16）;腹内压≥12 mm Hg ...目的 评价腹高压（IAH）及腹腔间隔综合征（ACS）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者呼吸功能的影响.方法 回顾分析90例SAP住院患者的临床资料.根据患者入院时测定的腹内压值分为：腹内压〈12 mm Hg组（腹内压正常组,n=16）;腹内压≥12 mm Hg （IAH组,n=56）;腹内压≥20 mm Hg （ACS组,n=18）.收集患者入院后的临床资料和血气分析结果,比较不同水平腹内压对呼吸功能的影响.结果.90例SAP患者入院时ALI/ARDS 38例,发生率42.0%,其中腹内压正常组发生率31.3%,IAH组为44.6%,ACS组为66.7%.两两比较显示：ACS组ALI/ARDS发生率显著高于腹内压正常组患者（P〈0.05）.入院第3、7天时,ACS组ALI/ARDS发生率均明显高于腹内压正常组和IAH组（P均〈0.05）.腹内压正常组与IAH组的氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）在入院后第1、3、7 天差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;ACS组PaO2、PaO2/FiO2与腹内压正常组和IAH组比较明显下降（P均〈0.05）.ACS患者中机械通气比例66.7%,与腹内压正常患者（31.3%）及IAH患者（37.5%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;IAH组机械通气的比例与腹内压正常组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论.IAH的程度对SAP患者呼吸功能产生明显影响.采用合适的方式减轻、解除ALI是治疗SAP的重要环节之一.展开更多
目的 评价超声造影能否用于评价腹腔高压（IAH）状态下肾脏灌注的改变.方法 采用气腹法建立IAH模型,连续膀胱内压测定腹腔内压（IAP）,获得基线平均动脉压（MAP）、腹腔内压和腹腔灌注压.将12只健康的小香猪腹腔内压自基线梯度性升高至1...目的 评价超声造影能否用于评价腹腔高压（IAH）状态下肾脏灌注的改变.方法 采用气腹法建立IAH模型,连续膀胱内压测定腹腔内压（IAP）,获得基线平均动脉压（MAP）、腹腔内压和腹腔灌注压.将12只健康的小香猪腹腔内压自基线梯度性升高至10 mm Hg、15mm Hg、20 mm Hg和25 mm Hg,于每个压力梯度监测肾脏表面灌注采用激光多普勒血流灌注成像（laser Doppler perfusion imaging,LDPI）和超声造影.结果 IAP逐渐升高至25 mm Hg,相对于基线,超声造影冲入时间（WIT）和达峰值时间（TTP）明显增加（P＜0.05）,但峰值强度（PI）、上升斜率（WIS）和AUC（曲线下面积）明显下降（P＜0.05）.肾脏表面灌注单位（PU）值随腹压增高明显下降（P＜0.05）与腹腔灌注压（APP）呈中度相关（r=0.74,P＜0.05）.分析不同腹腔压力下肾脏表面灌注PU值和超声造影TIC曲线的PI和AUC之间相关性,PI和PU呈正相关（r=0.83,P＜0.05）,而AUC和PU呈负相关（r=0.92,P＜0.05）.结论 超声造影是一种实时、非侵入性和简单的技术能评估在IAH状态下肾微血管灌注.PI和AUC可用于小香猪模型中的IAP微血管肾损伤的诊断性肾损害.肾脏表面激光多普勒成像能有效地评估肾脏表面灌注,反映肾皮质血流情况.展开更多
目的建立SD大鼠腹腔高压(IAH)/腹腔间隔室综合征(ACS)动物模型,研究维持20 mm Hg腹腔内压(IAP)时间长短与SD大鼠肝肾功能损伤的关联性。方法将96只SD大鼠按随机数字表法,随机等量分为实验组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。实验组腹腔内注入氮气...目的建立SD大鼠腹腔高压(IAH)/腹腔间隔室综合征(ACS)动物模型,研究维持20 mm Hg腹腔内压(IAP)时间长短与SD大鼠肝肾功能损伤的关联性。方法将96只SD大鼠按随机数字表法,随机等量分为实验组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。实验组腹腔内注入氮气,维持IAP为20 mm Hg水平,建立IAH/ACS模型,并于1/2、1、2、3、4、5 h测定两组动脉血中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量。结果 IAP为20 mm Hg时,达到IAH状态,维持时间<3 h,SD大鼠肝肾功能未出现显著异常。当维持IAH 3 h、5 h时,实验组BUN值显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);维持IAH 4 h时,实验组Cr值显著高于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);当维持IAH 5 h时,实验组ALT及AST值显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在恒定的IAH条件下,随着维持时间延长,对SD大鼠肝肾功能的损害逐渐增大。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0506404)Xinghua Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau(Evaluation of the economic,ecological and cultural values of the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem)
文摘The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.
基金The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAED-2021-06, STIP-IAED-2021-ZD-02)。
文摘With Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)increasing in number around the world,their conservation has become a new international research theme.From the perspective of combining theoretical analyses and practical case applications,this study examines the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)conservation pathways and operation mechanisms through industrial integration development(IID).First,the theoretical framework of IID in IAHS sites was constructed according to the requirements of IAHS conservation,which include analyses of the connotation and basic principles of IID,the necessity of IID for IAHS sites,the resource conditions,and the IID pathways.And then based on the theoretical framework,the IID of Longji Terraces in Guangxi,Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in Yunnan(HHRTS),Aohan Dryland Farming System in Inner Mongolia(ADFS),and Huzhou Mulberry-dyke&Fish-pond System(HMFS)in Zhejiang are analyzed systematically.The main finding is that IID is an effective pathway for IAHS conservation.However,the IID in IAHS sites must stress the ecological and cultural values of the resources;IID should be based on local resource advantages;and IID should attach importance to the combination of different policies and coordination between different stakeholders.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23100203)。
文摘With the continuous emergence of global development problems,the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)have been assigned greater importance.However,due to the complex structure,multi-component,dynamic,and open characteristics of IAHS,there are neglected problems which need to be solved in conservation practice,such as component element ambiguity,obscurity of the conservation redline,etc.This study defined the concept of key elements(KE)of IAHS,put forward a conceptual framework of KE identification,conducted empirical research by taking Honghe County of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System(HHRTS)as an example and analyzed the level of recognition motivations for different stakeholder groups.The following conclusions were drawn:1)The KE of HHRTS are grain crops,rice species biodiversity,terrace construction and maintenance technique,Hani traditional festivals,Hani traditional foods,and virgin forest;2)The reasons behind the KE priorities of farmers,businessmen and tourists were at the micro level,the reasons of officers were at the middle level and the reasons of researchers were at the macro level.The empirical study conducted in HHRTS showed that the proposed conceptual framework could identify KE of IAHS effectively,and provided a theoretical perspective for the structuring of and essential need for IAHS research.Moreover,the KE recognition levels of different stakeholder groups reflected their potential action strategies.We should focus on the coherence of policies and measures in both the microscale and macroscale to balance the diversified demands of stakeholders,and to stimulate their enthusiasm for participation in the conservation in order to improve the management level of IAHS sites.
文摘目的 评价腹高压（IAH）及腹腔间隔综合征（ACS）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者呼吸功能的影响.方法 回顾分析90例SAP住院患者的临床资料.根据患者入院时测定的腹内压值分为：腹内压〈12 mm Hg组（腹内压正常组,n=16）;腹内压≥12 mm Hg （IAH组,n=56）;腹内压≥20 mm Hg （ACS组,n=18）.收集患者入院后的临床资料和血气分析结果,比较不同水平腹内压对呼吸功能的影响.结果.90例SAP患者入院时ALI/ARDS 38例,发生率42.0%,其中腹内压正常组发生率31.3%,IAH组为44.6%,ACS组为66.7%.两两比较显示：ACS组ALI/ARDS发生率显著高于腹内压正常组患者（P〈0.05）.入院第3、7天时,ACS组ALI/ARDS发生率均明显高于腹内压正常组和IAH组（P均〈0.05）.腹内压正常组与IAH组的氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）在入院后第1、3、7 天差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;ACS组PaO2、PaO2/FiO2与腹内压正常组和IAH组比较明显下降（P均〈0.05）.ACS患者中机械通气比例66.7%,与腹内压正常患者（31.3%）及IAH患者（37.5%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;IAH组机械通气的比例与腹内压正常组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论.IAH的程度对SAP患者呼吸功能产生明显影响.采用合适的方式减轻、解除ALI是治疗SAP的重要环节之一.
文摘目的 评价超声造影能否用于评价腹腔高压（IAH）状态下肾脏灌注的改变.方法 采用气腹法建立IAH模型,连续膀胱内压测定腹腔内压（IAP）,获得基线平均动脉压（MAP）、腹腔内压和腹腔灌注压.将12只健康的小香猪腹腔内压自基线梯度性升高至10 mm Hg、15mm Hg、20 mm Hg和25 mm Hg,于每个压力梯度监测肾脏表面灌注采用激光多普勒血流灌注成像（laser Doppler perfusion imaging,LDPI）和超声造影.结果 IAP逐渐升高至25 mm Hg,相对于基线,超声造影冲入时间（WIT）和达峰值时间（TTP）明显增加（P＜0.05）,但峰值强度（PI）、上升斜率（WIS）和AUC（曲线下面积）明显下降（P＜0.05）.肾脏表面灌注单位（PU）值随腹压增高明显下降（P＜0.05）与腹腔灌注压（APP）呈中度相关（r=0.74,P＜0.05）.分析不同腹腔压力下肾脏表面灌注PU值和超声造影TIC曲线的PI和AUC之间相关性,PI和PU呈正相关（r=0.83,P＜0.05）,而AUC和PU呈负相关（r=0.92,P＜0.05）.结论 超声造影是一种实时、非侵入性和简单的技术能评估在IAH状态下肾微血管灌注.PI和AUC可用于小香猪模型中的IAP微血管肾损伤的诊断性肾损害.肾脏表面激光多普勒成像能有效地评估肾脏表面灌注,反映肾皮质血流情况.
