Integrating finite element analysis in total hip arthroplasty for childhood hip disorders:Enhancing precision and outcomes

Total hip arthroplasty for adults with sequelae from childhood hip disorders poses significant challenges due to altered anatomy.The paper published by Oommen et al reviews the essential management strategies for these complex cases.This article explores the integration of finite element analysis(FEA)to enhance surgical precision and outcomes.FEA provides detailed biomechanical insights,aiding in preoperative planning,implant design,and surgical technique optimization.By simulating implant configurations and assessing bone quality,FEA helps in customizing implants and evaluating surgical techniques like subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy.Advanced imaging techniques,such as 3D printing,virtual reality,and augmented reality,further enhance total hip arthroplasty precision.Future research should focus on validating FEA models,developing patient-specific simulations,and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration.Integrating FEA and advanced technologies in total hip arthroplasty can improve functional outcomes,reduce complications,and enhance quality of life for patients with childhood hip disorder sequelae.

Inorganic Elements in Kernel of Amygdalus communis L. Measured Using ICP-OES Method

[Objective] The aim was to study on distribution of inorganic elements in kernel of Amygdalus communis L., providing reference for quality evaluation of A. communis L. species. [Method] Totally 26 species of inorganic elements in kernel, including Al, B, Be, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Cd, As, Se, V, Hg, Cr and K were measured with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum （ICP-OES） and principal components analysis （PCA）. [Result] A. communis L. of different species and in different factories showed a similar curve in content of inorganic elements; absolute contents of the elements differed significantly. In addition, the accumulated variance contribution of five principle factors achieved as high as 84.371% and the variance contribution made by the first three factors accounted for 67.546%, proving that Fe, Ti, Pb, Na, Se, Cu, Mo, K, Zn, Ni, Ca and Sr were characteristic elements. [Conclusion] The method, which is brief, rapid and accurate, can be used for determination of inorganic elements in kernel of A. communis L., providing theoretical references for further development and utilization of A. communis L.

Study on Trace Elements in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. by Principal Component Analysis and Clustering Analysis

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the trace elements in Rehman- nia glutinosa Libosch. by using principal component analysis and clustering analysis. [Method] Principal component analysis and clustering analysis of R. glutinosa medicinal materials from different sources were conducted with contents of six trace elements as indices. [Result] The principal component analysis could comprehen- sively evaluate the quality of R. glutinosa samples with objective results which was consistent with the results of clustering analysis. [Conclusion] Principal component analysis and clustering analysis methods can be used for the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials with multiple indices.

Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil landslide.The idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was proposed.Model tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide.Surcharge loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different conditions.The simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical method.Under the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope top.The reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k Pa.The displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.

Generalized nth-Order Perturbation Method Based on Loop Subdivision Surface Boundary Element Method for Three-Dimensional Broadband Structural Acoustic Uncertainty Analysis

In this paper,a generalized nth-order perturbation method based on the isogeometric boundary element method is proposed for the uncertainty analysis of broadband structural acoustic scattering problems.The Burton-Miller method is employed to solve the problem of non-unique solutions that may be encountered in the external acoustic field,and the nth-order discretization formulation of the boundary integral equation is derived.In addition,the computation of loop subdivision surfaces and the subdivision rules are introduced.In order to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm,the computed results are contrasted and analyzed with the results under Monte Carlo simulations(MCs)through several numerical examples.

Multi-Elemental Analysis and 2D Image Mapping within Roots, Leaves and Seeds from O. glaberrima Rice Plants Using Micro-PIXE Technique

Understanding metal accumulation at organ level in roots, leaves and seeds in O. glaberrima (OG) is crucial for improving physiological and metabolic aspects in growing Asian and African rice in salted areas. The micro-analytical imaging techniques are required to reveal its accumulation and distribution within plant tissues. PIXE studies have been performed to determine different elements in rice plants. The existing microbeam analytical technique at the iThemba LABS will be applied for the 2D image mapping of fresh rice tissues to perform a concentration of low atomic mass elements (such as Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Br, Zn and K) with detection limits of typically 1-10 μg/g. Comparison of the distribution of the elements between leaves, root and seed samples using uptake and distribution of elements in particular environmental conditions with potential amount of salt in water have been performed. We are also expecting to indicate metal exclusion as salt tolerance strategies from leaves, root, and seed compartments using matrix correlation between samples and between elements on rice species.

Collapse Behavior of Pipe-Framed Greenhouses with and without Reinforcement under Snow Loading:A 3-D Finite Element Analysis

The present paper first investigates the collapse behavior of a conventional pipe-framed greenhouse under snow loading based on a 3-D finite element analysis,in which both geometrical and material non-linearities are considered.Three snow load distribution patterns related to the wind-driven snow particle movement are used in the analysis.It is found that snow load distribution affects the deformation and collapse behavior of the pipe-framed greenhouse significantly.The results obtained in this study are consistent with the actual damage observed.Next,discussion is made of the effects of reinforcements by adding members to the basic frame on the strength of the whole structure,in which seven kinds of reinforcement methods are examined.A buckling analysis is also carried out.The results indicate that the most effective reinforcement method depends on the snow load distribution pattern.

Finite Element Analysis of Coronal Shear Fractures of the Femoral Neck: Displacement of the Femoral Head and Effect of Osteosynthetic Implants

Coronal shear fractures of the femoral neck (CSFF) are the most challenging to treat among proximal femur fractures, directly affecting the life expectancy of patients with osteoporosis. However, an adequate osteosynthesis method has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the displacement direction of the femoral head fragment and its effect on the bone using finite element method. A finite element model for CSFF was developed from CT image data of a patient with osteoporosis using Mechanical Finder (ver. 11). Subsequently, finite element analyses were performed on six osteosynthesis models under maximum load applied during walking. The compressive stresses, tensile stresses, and compressive strains of each model were examined. The results suggested that the compressive and tensile stress distributions were concentrated on the anterior side of the femoral neck. Compressive strain distribution in the femoral head and neck was concentrated in four areas: at the tip of the blade or lag screw, the anteroinferior side of the blade or lag screw near the fracture site, and the upper right and lower left near the junction of the blade or lag screw and nail. Thus, the distribution of both these stresses revealed that the femoral head fragment was prone to anterior and inferior displacement. Distribution of compressive strains revealed the direction of the stress exerted by the osteosynthetic implant on the bone. The same results were observed in all osteosynthetic implants;thus, the findings could lay the foundation for developing methods for placing osteosynthetic implants less prone to displacement and the osteosynthetic implants themselves. In particular, the study provides insight into the optimal treatment of CSFF.

Finite element analysis of elasto-plastic plate bending problems using transition rectangular plate elements

In this work, the finite element analysis of the elasto-plastic plate bending problems is carried out using transition rectangular plate elements. The shape functions of the transition plate elements are derived based on a practical rule. The transition plate elements are all quadrilateral and can be used to obtain efficient finite element models using minimum number of elements. The mesh convergence rates of the models including the transition elements are compared with the regular element models. To verify the developed elements, simple tests are demonstrated and various elasto-plastic problems are solved. Their results are compared with ANSYS results.

Application of 1D/3D finite elements coupling for structural nonlinear analysis

An element coupling model (ECM) method was proposed to simulate the global behavior and local damage of a structure.In order to reflect the local damage and improve the computational efficiency,three-dimensional (3D) solid elements and one-dimensional (1D) beam element were coupled by the multi-point constraint equations.A reduced scale 1?8 model test was simulated by the ECM and a full three dimensional model (3DM) contrastively.The results show that the global behavior and local damages of ECM agree well with the test and 3DM.It is indicated that the proposed method can be used in the structural nonlinear analysis accurately and efficiently.

Analysis of metallic elements dissolution in the Astragalus at different decocting time by using LIBS technique

Astragalus is an important traditional Chinese herb that has therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. In this study, the dissolution of metallic elements during the material decoction process was investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). The Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the drug residues, liquid, and vapor were selected for the study of the transfer of elements after different decocting times. It was found that the intensities of the spectral lines for these elements in the drug liquid increased with increasing decocting times.The contrast trend was observed in the residues and only calcium was detected in the vapor.Furthermore, the relative mass concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the liquid were quantitatively determined by a combination of the standard addition method and calibrationfree-LIBS method by adding the standard concentration solution of Cu and Cd elements into the drug liquids, it can be found that the maximum error between Cd concentration calculated by internal CF-LIBS and the standard is within 10%. This provides a new method of achieving the on-line monitoring and analysis of metallic elements in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.

Analysis of the geometrical dependence of auxetic behavior in reentrant structures by finite elements

Materials with a negative Poisson＇s ratio（PR）are called auxetics;they are characterized by expansion/contraction when tensioned/compressed.Given this counterintuitive behavior,they present very particular characteristics and mechanical behavior.Geometrical models have been developed to justify and artificiall reproduce such materials＇ auxetic behavior.The focus of this study is the exploration of a reentrant model by analyzing the variation in the PR of reentrant structures as a function of geometrical and base material parameters.It is shown that,even in the presence of protruding ribs,there may not be auxetic behavior,and this depends on the geometry of each reentrant structure.Values determined for these parameters can be helpful as approximate reference data in the design and fabrication of auxetic lattices using reentrant geometries.

Regression Analysis of Nutrient Elements between Soil and Tobacco Leaves and Their Influences on Aroma Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutrient elements K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in tobacco-planting soils and tobacco leaves from six main tobacco-producing areas, and to investigate the influences of these elements on chemical composition and aroma components in tobacco leaves. Results showed that there were certain relationship between contents of nutrient elements in tobacco-planting soils and contents of corresponding elements in tobacco leaves; various elements exhibited different influences on the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco. Based on the actual situation of nutrient contents in soils from different tobaccoproducing areas, contents of various elements in tobacco leaves should be regulated by soil fertilization and foliar spraying, thereby improving the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Use of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for the Determination of Trace Elements in Human Scalp

The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) in human scalp hair obtained from subjects living in Forsyth County, North Carolina, USA. The influence of age, sex, race, and smoking habits on the levels of trace elements in the hair samples were also investigated. Additionally, analyses were subjected to a statistical, regression, and principal component analysis to evaluate inter-elemental association and possible pattern recognition in hair samples. Furthermore, Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios, which are often used to evaluate the degree of Ca and Cu utilization in humans and as markers for various health related issues including, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic cancer, were calculated. The overall mean concentrations of Fe (25 μg/g), Ca (710 μg/g), Mg (120 μg/g), Zn (190 μg/g), Cu (12 μg/g), and Cr (0.20 μg/g) were found in hair samples. The trace element concentrations varied widely in hair samples as demonstrated by large range of concentrations obtained for each element. However, levels of Cd and Pb elements of <0.030 μg/g were detected in hair sample. In general, the levels of the trace elements in hair samples were poorly correlated. However, significant correlations were found between Ca and Mg (r = 0.840, p = 0.05). The levels of Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr in hair samples and the calculated Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios were found to be largely correlated with age, race, sex, and smoking habits.

Determination of Inorganic Elements in Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and Paris dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap by ICP-OES

[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.

Determination and Multidimensional Analysis of 22 Kinds of Inorganic Elements in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from Different Production Areas

[Objectives]To determine the content of inorganic elements in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from different production areas, and provide a reference for quality control, safety assessment, and clinical application of L. franchetii Beauv.. [Methods] The contents of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, Hg, Cr in the sample of L. franchetii Beauv. were determined by the wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), and the principal component analysis was carried out for the determination results. [Results] A total of 20 inorganic elements were detected from the samples of L. franchetii Beauv. from different production areas, among which the contents of Ca, Al, P and Fe were higher. There were significant differences among different elements, and samples of different production areas show similar distribution patterns of main elements. Correlation analysis shows that 17 elements had an extremely significant positive correlation and 19 elements had a significant positive correlation. According to the principal component analysis, B, Ca, K, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sn, Sr, Fe, Ni, Ti, V, Zn, Al, and Cd were characteristic inorganic elements of L. franchetii Beauv. [Conclusions] This method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used for the analysis and determination of inorganic elements in L. franchetii Beauv., and provides a theoretical basis for better development and utilization of L. franchetii Beauv.

Quantitative Analysis of Elements in Gallstones and Biles from Chinese and Japanese Patients

The concentration of 26 elements in biles and gallstones from Chi-nese patients and the concentration of 10 elements from Japanese patients withgallstones were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spec-trometry (ICAP). Comparison of the level of elements between cholesterol andpigment gallstones revealed that Ca, Na, Fe, Cu, S, and Zn were higher inpigment gallstones than those in the cholesterol gallstones. Cholesterol stones aredivided into three subtypes: pure, mixed and combinated cholesterol stone.There were no significant difference among element contents. The levels of Ca,P, S, Li, and Ba in gallbladder biles were obviously higher in control groupthan in gallstone group. The element composition in gallbladder bile were similarto those in common bile duct bile. The former were 2～3 time high than the lat-ter.

Preliminary study of the correlation between trace elements in human hair, liver and kidney by proton induced X-ray emission analysis

This paper deals with the determination of trace elements in normal human hair, liver and kidney by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis. Sampling, specimen preparation and experimental procedures are described in detail. The accuracy of our system has been checked up with the determination of standard reference materials. The preliminary results on correlations between trace elements in human tissues are discussed. Application of the method described in the paper gives evidence in favour of the PIXE as a good tool on environmental life elements and health studies.

Correlation Analysis of Elements in Soil Samples from Ngari

The research about the content of soil element in Ngad is still in its infancy, and there lacks systemic research and discussion. The 90 topsoil samples were selected from the 7 counties in Ngari area, and 13 elements were investigated systematically. The correlation analysis method and factor analysis method were used to study the interrelationship and accumulating, migrating and transforming rules of the selected 13 elements. The results showed that there was significant correlation among most of the transition elements in the topsoil. The main factors, which influenced the element content, were nature factors. Human activities also had certain effect on the element content of surface soil, but the strength was weak.

Grey Interrelation Analysis for the Use of Rare Earths and the Elements in Soil in Growing Cotton

The method of grey interrelation analysis is adopted for the analysis of the relationship between the amount of rare earths applied and the factors of the soil in increasing cotton production in Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. The results show that there is an intimate relation between the use of the RE and the elements in the soil. The pH value, total K, and total P are the main factors influencing the relation, and the total N, hydrolytable N, organic matter, K2O and P2O5 are the secondary factors. This provides a scientific basis for the use of the RE.