针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致BIM模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准的轨道交通BIM构件标准库。...针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致BIM模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准的轨道交通BIM构件标准库。首先,根据轨道交通工程各专业构件的表达需求,研究构件类型、构件信息的IFC表达,以及适配IFC标准的扩展机制;其次,提出轨道交通BIM构件标准库技术框架,主要包括基础数据层、技术支撑层、应用场景层、用户层;然后,采用国家标准的分类编码方法定义轨道交通各专业BIM构件的分类编码,设计了构件信息模板,规范各专业构件的属性信息及其资源链接方式;最后,研究BIM构件模型的加解密方法,以保障轨道交通工程BIM模型数据的安全性。研究结果表明,通过搭建统一的BIM构件标准库,能够促进参建方采用标准化的BIM构件模型创建轨道交通BIM项目模型,保障BIM模型的规范性。展开更多
新型城市化建设和管理过程中,借助建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的数据集成,不但能实现建筑物的精细化表达,而且室外信息得以兼顾,实现空间分析及室内外一体化表...新型城市化建设和管理过程中,借助建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的数据集成,不但能实现建筑物的精细化表达,而且室外信息得以兼顾,实现空间分析及室内外一体化表达。但BIM与GIS两种不同的数据格式无法直接实现数据的互通。为此,首先分析了模型IFC和CityGML在文档形式等方面的差异,并实现了多个简单建筑物IFC模型到CityGML3.0 LOD2、LOD3的转换。其次,针对上述数据集成实验中语义丢失问题,扩展GIS的CityGML3.0数据格式,提出CityGML B-Con扩展模型,完善IFC到CityGML3.0的一对一映射关系。最后,实现多个不同复杂程度建筑物IFC模型到CityGML B-Con扩展模型的转换。实验结果表明,利用CityGML B-Con模型能实现BIM与GIS的数据集成。宏观层面来说,能够增强转换后建筑物外观的细节程度,微观层面而言,BuildingConstructiveElement和BuildingInstallation的子类得以区分,IfcStair、IfcRamp和IfcBeam等建筑构件都能通过一对一映射的方式转换至CityGML中,克服了CityGML原有标准在建筑物构件表达方面的缺陷,有效减少了BIM源数据语义信息的丢失。展开更多
为解决Web端建筑信息模型(BIM,Building Information Modeling)场景数据加载技术面向复杂模型数据时存在的加载时间过长、用户体验不佳的问题,提出一种Web端基于工业基础类(IFC,Industry Foundation Classes)标准的面向需求的动态加载...为解决Web端建筑信息模型(BIM,Building Information Modeling)场景数据加载技术面向复杂模型数据时存在的加载时间过长、用户体验不佳的问题,提出一种Web端基于工业基础类(IFC,Industry Foundation Classes)标准的面向需求的动态加载方法。以IFC模型文件作为研究对象,在遵从建筑语义前提下,以建筑构件为粒度,将层次关系、几何特性、材质、属性等信息拆分存储;结合构件可见性和几何相关性,设计出基于图形处理器(GPU,Graphics Processing Unit)加速的面向需求的动态加载方法;搭建实验测试环境,选取若干IFC模型文件,进行方法验证。以初始加载构件个数、内存占用和初始加载时间作为性能评价指标,与使用BIMServer开源服务器平台加载的方法相比,文章所提方法的初始加载组件数量减少了约71%,内存占用减少了约40%,初始加载时间缩短了约78%,有效减少了用户因加载而等待的时间,改善了用户交互体验,可为铁路行业开展Web端BIM大场景应用提供快速加载技术支持。展开更多
三维数字技术在建筑工程领域的应用,有效改变了传统的以点、线、面等二维图元组成的工程图纸的信息表达缺陷,是BIM(Building Information Modeling)的重要技术支撑。三维几何模型有多种表达形式,总体上可以分为实体模型、表面模型和线...三维数字技术在建筑工程领域的应用,有效改变了传统的以点、线、面等二维图元组成的工程图纸的信息表达缺陷,是BIM(Building Information Modeling)的重要技术支撑。三维几何模型有多种表达形式,总体上可以分为实体模型、表面模型和线框模型,三者具有不同的应用领域与适用范围。为了满足BIM在建筑工程不同阶段的应用需求,本文基于BIM技术,提出了一种基于AutoCAD图形引擎的BIM三维实体建模以及将其转换为表面模型的方法,并通过实例验证了其可行性。展开更多
城市轨道交通BIM(建筑信息模型)数据的体量不断增长,数据的有效性成为各个阶段协同工作的关键要素之一。以IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)标准为基础,对实现城市轨道交通BIM数据的有效性检查进行分析。基于IFC标准架构对轨道交通BIM...城市轨道交通BIM(建筑信息模型)数据的体量不断增长,数据的有效性成为各个阶段协同工作的关键要素之一。以IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)标准为基础,对实现城市轨道交通BIM数据的有效性检查进行分析。基于IFC标准架构对轨道交通BIM数据的完备表达,引入了模板匹配的检查方法,搭建了基于IFC标准的BIM数据有效性检查平台,实现了对城市轨道交通BIM中对象及属性信息的有效性检查。最后,通过实际工程案例测试验证该方法的可行性。展开更多
The numerous construction projects in China provide the best environment for the development of information technology applied in building design.Various commercial CAD/CAE software applications are purchased by desig...The numerous construction projects in China provide the best environment for the development of information technology applied in building design.Various commercial CAD/CAE software applications are purchased by design firms for multi-disciplinary design tasks.However,researches on integration and interoperability are seldom considered.This study pursues a breakthrough point of integration in the architectural and structural domains and expects further development in other aspects.A central building information modeling (BIM) framework based on the industry foundation classes (IFC) is proposed to handle the data exchange between IFC-compatible architectural models and structural models.A central XML(extensible markup language)-based unified finite element model (FEM) is proposed for model conversion among various commercial structural CAE software applications.In addition to bidirectional data interfaces among IFC-based BIM,XML-based FEM and various commercial FEMs,some other components such as visualization,calculation and model editing/check are also equipped into the prototype system.展开更多
Industry foundation classes(IFC)is an open and neutral data format specification for building information modeling(BIM)that plays a crucial role in facilitating interoperability.With increases in web-based BIM applica...Industry foundation classes(IFC)is an open and neutral data format specification for building information modeling(BIM)that plays a crucial role in facilitating interoperability.With increases in web-based BIM applications,there is an urgent need for fast loading large IFC models on a web browser.However,the task of fully loading large IFC models typically consumes a large amount of memory of a web browser or even crashes the browser,and this significantly limits further BIM applications.In order to address the issue,a method is proposed for dynamically loading IFC models based on spatial semantic partitioning(SSP).First,the spatial semantic structure of an input IFC model is partitioned via the extraction of story information and establishing a component space index table on the server.Subsequently,based on user interaction,only the model data that a user is interested in is transmitted,loaded,and displayed on the client.The presented method is implemented via Web Graphics Library,and this enables large IFC models to be fast loaded on the web browser without requiring any plug-ins.When compared with conventional methods that load all IFC model data for display purposes,the proposed method significantly reduces memory consumption in a web browser,thereby allowing the loading of large IFC models.When compared with the existing method of spatial partitioning for 3D data,the proposed SSP entirely uses semantic information in the IFC file itself,and thereby provides a better interactive experience for users.展开更多
文摘针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致BIM模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准的轨道交通BIM构件标准库。首先,根据轨道交通工程各专业构件的表达需求,研究构件类型、构件信息的IFC表达,以及适配IFC标准的扩展机制;其次,提出轨道交通BIM构件标准库技术框架,主要包括基础数据层、技术支撑层、应用场景层、用户层;然后,采用国家标准的分类编码方法定义轨道交通各专业BIM构件的分类编码,设计了构件信息模板,规范各专业构件的属性信息及其资源链接方式;最后,研究BIM构件模型的加解密方法,以保障轨道交通工程BIM模型数据的安全性。研究结果表明,通过搭建统一的BIM构件标准库,能够促进参建方采用标准化的BIM构件模型创建轨道交通BIM项目模型,保障BIM模型的规范性。
文摘新型城市化建设和管理过程中,借助建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的数据集成,不但能实现建筑物的精细化表达,而且室外信息得以兼顾,实现空间分析及室内外一体化表达。但BIM与GIS两种不同的数据格式无法直接实现数据的互通。为此,首先分析了模型IFC和CityGML在文档形式等方面的差异,并实现了多个简单建筑物IFC模型到CityGML3.0 LOD2、LOD3的转换。其次,针对上述数据集成实验中语义丢失问题,扩展GIS的CityGML3.0数据格式,提出CityGML B-Con扩展模型,完善IFC到CityGML3.0的一对一映射关系。最后,实现多个不同复杂程度建筑物IFC模型到CityGML B-Con扩展模型的转换。实验结果表明,利用CityGML B-Con模型能实现BIM与GIS的数据集成。宏观层面来说,能够增强转换后建筑物外观的细节程度,微观层面而言,BuildingConstructiveElement和BuildingInstallation的子类得以区分,IfcStair、IfcRamp和IfcBeam等建筑构件都能通过一对一映射的方式转换至CityGML中,克服了CityGML原有标准在建筑物构件表达方面的缺陷,有效减少了BIM源数据语义信息的丢失。
文摘为解决Web端建筑信息模型(BIM,Building Information Modeling)场景数据加载技术面向复杂模型数据时存在的加载时间过长、用户体验不佳的问题,提出一种Web端基于工业基础类(IFC,Industry Foundation Classes)标准的面向需求的动态加载方法。以IFC模型文件作为研究对象,在遵从建筑语义前提下,以建筑构件为粒度,将层次关系、几何特性、材质、属性等信息拆分存储;结合构件可见性和几何相关性,设计出基于图形处理器(GPU,Graphics Processing Unit)加速的面向需求的动态加载方法;搭建实验测试环境,选取若干IFC模型文件,进行方法验证。以初始加载构件个数、内存占用和初始加载时间作为性能评价指标,与使用BIMServer开源服务器平台加载的方法相比,文章所提方法的初始加载组件数量减少了约71%,内存占用减少了约40%,初始加载时间缩短了约78%,有效减少了用户因加载而等待的时间,改善了用户交互体验,可为铁路行业开展Web端BIM大场景应用提供快速加载技术支持。
文摘三维数字技术在建筑工程领域的应用,有效改变了传统的以点、线、面等二维图元组成的工程图纸的信息表达缺陷,是BIM(Building Information Modeling)的重要技术支撑。三维几何模型有多种表达形式,总体上可以分为实体模型、表面模型和线框模型,三者具有不同的应用领域与适用范围。为了满足BIM在建筑工程不同阶段的应用需求,本文基于BIM技术,提出了一种基于AutoCAD图形引擎的BIM三维实体建模以及将其转换为表面模型的方法,并通过实例验证了其可行性。
文摘城市轨道交通BIM(建筑信息模型)数据的体量不断增长,数据的有效性成为各个阶段协同工作的关键要素之一。以IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)标准为基础,对实现城市轨道交通BIM数据的有效性检查进行分析。基于IFC标准架构对轨道交通BIM数据的完备表达,引入了模板匹配的检查方法,搭建了基于IFC标准的BIM数据有效性检查平台,实现了对城市轨道交通BIM中对象及属性信息的有效性检查。最后,通过实际工程案例测试验证该方法的可行性。
基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No. 2006BAJ01B07-01)
文摘The numerous construction projects in China provide the best environment for the development of information technology applied in building design.Various commercial CAD/CAE software applications are purchased by design firms for multi-disciplinary design tasks.However,researches on integration and interoperability are seldom considered.This study pursues a breakthrough point of integration in the architectural and structural domains and expects further development in other aspects.A central building information modeling (BIM) framework based on the industry foundation classes (IFC) is proposed to handle the data exchange between IFC-compatible architectural models and structural models.A central XML(extensible markup language)-based unified finite element model (FEM) is proposed for model conversion among various commercial structural CAE software applications.In addition to bidirectional data interfaces among IFC-based BIM,XML-based FEM and various commercial FEMs,some other components such as visualization,calculation and model editing/check are also equipped into the prototype system.
基金The study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0505400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61472202)+1 种基金the Special Scientific Research Fund of China Railway Corporation(No.J2017X010)the Research on Key Technologies of Virtual Engineering of Railway Engineering Unit Based on BIM Technology(No.K2018G055).
文摘Industry foundation classes(IFC)is an open and neutral data format specification for building information modeling(BIM)that plays a crucial role in facilitating interoperability.With increases in web-based BIM applications,there is an urgent need for fast loading large IFC models on a web browser.However,the task of fully loading large IFC models typically consumes a large amount of memory of a web browser or even crashes the browser,and this significantly limits further BIM applications.In order to address the issue,a method is proposed for dynamically loading IFC models based on spatial semantic partitioning(SSP).First,the spatial semantic structure of an input IFC model is partitioned via the extraction of story information and establishing a component space index table on the server.Subsequently,based on user interaction,only the model data that a user is interested in is transmitted,loaded,and displayed on the client.The presented method is implemented via Web Graphics Library,and this enables large IFC models to be fast loaded on the web browser without requiring any plug-ins.When compared with conventional methods that load all IFC model data for display purposes,the proposed method significantly reduces memory consumption in a web browser,thereby allowing the loading of large IFC models.When compared with the existing method of spatial partitioning for 3D data,the proposed SSP entirely uses semantic information in the IFC file itself,and thereby provides a better interactive experience for users.