High Sensitivity Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Receiver for Precise Frequency Analysis

There are numerous applications, such as Radar, that leverage wideband technology. However, the presence of noise introduces certain limitations and challenges. It is crucial to harness wideband technology for applications demanding the rapid and precise transmission of diverse information from one point to another within a short timeframe. The ability to report a signal without tuning within the input bandwidth stands out as one of the advantages of employing a digital wideband receiver. As indicated, a digital wideband receiver plays a pivotal role in achieving high precision and accuracy. The primary distinction between Analog and Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement lies in the fact that analog Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) receivers have traditionally covered extensive input bandwidths, reporting one accurate frequency per short pulse. In the contemporary landscape, digital IFM systems utilize high-sampling-rate Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) along with Hilbert transforms to generate two output channels featuring a 90-degree phase shift. This paper explores the improvement of sensitivity in current digital IFM receivers. The optimization efforts target the Hilbert transform and autocorrelations architectures, aiming to refine the system’s ability to report fine frequencies within a noisy wide bandwidth environment, thereby elevating its overall sensitivity.

Switchable instantaneous frequency measurement by optical power monitoring based on DP-QPSK modulator

We propose and analyze an instantaneous frequency measurement system by using optical power monitoring technique with improved resolution.The primary component adopted in the proposal is a dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying(DP-QPSK) modulator which is used to modulate the microwave signal that has a designed time delay and phase shifting.The generated optical signal is sent to polarization beam splitter(PBS) in DP-QPSK modulator.Owing to the complementary transmission nature of polarization interference introduced by PBS,the frequency information is converted into the optical power and the relationship between the amplitude comparison function(ACF) and microwave frequency to be measured is established.Thus,the frequency of the microwave signal can be easily measured through monitoring the optical powers of the two output ports of the PBS.Furthermore,by adjusting the direct current(DC) biases of the DP-QPSK modulator instead of changing the electrical delay,the measurement range and resolution can be switched.In this paper,the basic principle of the instantaneous frequency measurement system is derived in detail,and simulation has been performed to investigate the resolution,the measurement range,and the influence of imperfection devices.The proposed scheme is wavelength-independent and its measurement range is switchable,which can avoid the laser wavelength drifting problem and thus greatly increasing the system flexibility.

Instantaneous frequency measurement using two parallel I/Q modulators based on optical power monitoring

A scheme for instantaneous frequency measurement(IFM)using two parallel I/Q modulators based on optical power monitoring is proposed.The amplitude comparison function(ACF)can be constructed to establish the relationship between the frequency of radio frequency(RF)signal and the power ratio of two optical signals output by two I/Q modulators.The frequency of RF signal can be derived by measuring the optical power of the optical signals output by two I/Q modulators.The measurement range and measurement error can be adjusted by controlling the delay amount of the electrical delay line.The feasibility of the scheme is verified,and the corresponding measurement range and measurement error of the system under different delay amounts of the electrical delay line are given.Compared with previous IFM schemes,the structure of this scheme is simple.Polarization devices,a photodetector and an electrical power meter are not used,which reduces the impact of the environmental disturbance on the system and the cost of the system.In simulation,the measurement range can reach 0 GHz-24.5 GHz by adjusting the delay amount of the electrical delay lineτ=20 ps.The measurement error of the scheme is better at low frequency,and the measurement error of low frequency 0 GHz-9.6 GHz can reach-0.1 GHz to+0.05 GHz.

一种便捷的IFM自动化测试系统

随着微波组件集成度的提高及测试指标的增多,传统手动测试方法的低效率已对其可测试性造成了阻碍,导致了生产效率低下。为提高测试效率,设计了一种基于虚拟仪器开发软件的自动测试系统,并对其在瞬时测频接收机(IFM)自动化测试中的应用进行分析。结果表明:该测试系统具有测试速度快、测试结果准确、测试结果自动保存等优点,可极大地提高组件的测试效率。

Photonic-assisted approach for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement with tunable range by using Mach-Zehnder interferometers

A novel photonic-assisted approach to microwave frequency measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on the frequency-to-power mapping with different transmis- sion responses. A polarizer is used in one output branch of a phase modulator to simultaneously implement phase modulation and intensity modulation. Owing to the complementary nature of the transmission re- sponses and the Mach-Zehnder interferometers （MZIs）, this scheme theoretically provides high resolution and tunable measurement range. The measurement errors in the experimental results can be kept within 0.2 GHz over a freauencv ranee from 0.1 to 5.3 GHz.

Broadband instantaneous multi-frequency measurement based on chirped pulse compression

A broadband instantaneous multi-frequency measurement system based on chirped pulse compression,which potentially has a sub-megahertz(MHz)accuracy and a hundred-gigahertz(GHz)measurement range,is demonstrated.A signalunder-test(SUT)is converted into a carrier-suppressed double-sideband(CS-DSB)signal,which is then combined with an optical linearly frequency-modulated signal having the sweeping range covering the+1 st-order sideband of the CSDSB signal.With photodetection,low-pass filtering,and pulse compression,accurate frequencies of the SUT are obtained via locating the correlation peaks.In the experiment,single-and multi-frequency measurements with a measurement range from 3 to 18 GHz and a measurement accuracy of<±100 MHz are achieved.

Chip-scale Brillouin instantaneous frequency measurement by use of one-shot frequency-to-power mapping based on lock-in amplification

We demonstrate a chip-scale scheme of Brillouin instantaneous frequency measurement(IFM) in a CMOS-compatible doped silica waveguide chip. In the chip-scale Brillouin IFM scheme, the frequency-to-power mapping process is achieved by one-shot detection without additional time averaging and implemented by lock-in amplification, which successfully detects the Brillouin gain of the doped silica waveguide chip in the time domain. A Costas frequency modulated signal ranging from 8 GHz to 9 GHz is experimentally measured, and the frequency measurement errors are maintained within 58 MHz.

对瞬时测频干扰机理的研究

瞬时测频(instantaneous frequency measurement,IFM)接收机是电子侦察中非常重要的测频资源,其结构简单、灵敏度高、侦察频带宽、分辨率高,可以快速测定被测信号的频率,在现代电子战中得到广泛应用。基于IFM微波鉴相器在某一瞬间只能响应一个信号的特性,结合IFM工作原理,研究了一种新的(超过2个信号)对IFM干扰策略,并分析了干扰机理,通过模拟仿真对IFM的干扰效果进行了评估。仿真结果表明:多信号交叠可以对IFM系统产生明显的干扰效果,可以使得其无法测得正确频率,并错误地输出同时到达信号指示。

数字信道化IFM接收技术研究

针对宽带数字信号侦察问题,首先推导了一种实信号数字信道化接收机的高效结构,便于实现高倍抽取,接着将信号检测与瞬时测频技术应用于该结构中,推导了将瞬时测频用于此结构时的条件。针对跨信道信号的处理问题,提出了一种改进的滤波器组排列方法,通过滤波器组通带重叠的方式来处理跨信道信号,该方法在信号带宽较窄时能较好地处理跨信道信号。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统具有良好的性能,对跨信道信号有较好的处理效果。

基于IFM的交叠线性调频信号参数估计

线性调频信号是脉冲压缩雷达中一种重要的脉冲压缩雷达信号,但当前的瞬时测频系统无法对其检测,更无法检测交叠信号。以瞬时测频系统为基础,分析了单线性调频信号和交叠线性调频经过瞬时测频系统的理论输出,据此提出了一种改进IFM系统的思路和解算交叠线性调频信号方法。新方法用模数转换器(ADC)对前沿未交叠的I、Q输出值进行量化和连续时间采样,得到一个信号离散频率值,应用LMS算法估计出其初始频率和调频斜率。以此为基础,根据交叠部分的I、Q输出值,估计出另一个信号参数。由Matlab/Simulink仿真验证可知,新方法能够估计两交叠线性调频信号的参数。

瞬时测频(IFM)接收机的一种干扰方法

频率是雷达截获接收机进行雷达信号分选的一个主要参数。分析了瞬时测频接收机的瞬时测频原理,根据瞬时测频接收机一次只能处理一个信号的特点,提出了采用多个重叠信号干扰瞬时测频接收机正确测频的方法,并对重叠信号进行了分析。

影响IFM接收机测频精度因素的分析

根据瞬时测频接收机基本原理,介绍和分析了影响瞬时测频接收机测频精度的主要因素,并根据瞬时测频接收机系统应用提出了提高接收机的测频精度一些有效的处理方法,其方法在瞬时测频接收机系统中得到应用和验证,达到了工程的要求。

基于IFM技术的捷变频雷达综合测试仪和干扰环境模拟器的设计

在瞬时测频技术 (IFM)的基础上 ,介绍了捷变频雷达综合测试仪和捷变频雷达干扰信号模拟器的设计 ,应用该仪器可以在捷变频状态下对非相参捷变频雷达导引头进行工作性能和抗干扰性能测试。

IFM系统的双交叠信号分析及改进

RWR/ESM系统多采用传统的瞬时测频(instantaneous frequency measure,IFM)技术实时检测信号频率,但这种测频技术对交叠信号只能估计一个信号的频率,且容易产生测频错误。现代战场中电磁环境异常复杂,脉冲交叠概率越来越高,因此研究交叠信号对IFM系统的影响尤显重要。为此根据IFM原理,分析了双交叠信号情况下IFM微波鉴相器的各节点响应,并建立了输出UI,UQ的数学模型,提出一种估计双交叠信号频率的算法—UI,UQ推算法。仿真结果表明:该算法能够在保持原有IFM优点的情况下,估计2个交叠信号的频率。

基于IFM技术的捷变频雷达综合测试仪

介绍了一种基于瞬时测频（ＩＦＭ）技术的非相参捷变频雷达综合测试仪的设计方法。应用该仪器可以在捷变频状态下对捷变频雷达导引头进行各种性能测试，解决了捷变频雷达导引头不能在捷变频状态下进行测试的难题。

IFM技术及其在捷变频雷达测量仪器设计中应用

在瞬时测频技术(IFM)的基础上,介绍了一种基于IFM技术的捷变频雷达测量仪器的设计方法,应用该仪器可以在捷变频状态下对非相参捷变频雷达导引头进行测试。

多路相移时间戳IFM算法研究及实现

提出了一种基于时间戳计数的IFM算法.对基准时钟进行频率倍频和等时延多路移相处理,在测量周期内对被测信号fx以及多路基准时钟并行的连续计数,采用回归分析统计方法对这2组计数值进行计算得到fx频率值.对测量误差进行了分析,实验及对比测试数据表明,该方法在同样的测量条件下能够有效地减小由传统计数测频法中±1量化误差引入的测量误差.能够提高测量分辨率约2～3个数量级,测量误差减少30％以上,测量处理时间优于200 ns.

一种单比特宽带瞬时测频方法

针对现有单比特测频技术瞬时带宽有限、双音信号输入检测概率有限等缺点,给出一种改进的单比特瞬时测频方法,采用基于信号功率实时分析和选大平均融合门限生成恒虚警检测算法,给出了FPGA中并行实时处理的测频结构,实现了采样率为38.4 GHz、瞬时带宽为2~18 GHz的信号瞬时测频。仿真结果表明,该算法在信噪比大于等于-10 dB情况下,检测概率达到99%以上,提升了信号的检测概率。双音信号动态范围方面,当检测概率为80%时,双音信号动态范围可达到5.9 dB。该方法测频误差优于千分之一,瞬时测频时间优于200 ns。

基于IFM的小型化线性射频放大器设计

采用六级VMMK-2503高线性度增益方块级联,插入增益均衡与带通滤波模块,设计了一款小型化线性射频放大器,在5.8～8 GHz频带内,其小信号增益达70 dB,增益平坦度小于±1 dB,输入输出驻波比等技术指标优良。由于VMMK-2503采用晶片级封装技术与内匹配设计,电路设计简单,缩短了研发周期,降低了设计成本,提高了技术指标,有利于射频电路的小型化与集成化,放大器电路尺寸仅为92 mm×9 mm×1.2 mm。并对其进行了模块电磁兼容设计,以提高组件稳定性,最终满足用户要求,已成功用于某型号瞬时测频接收机中。

基于时／频域部分重叠信号对IFM接收机测频和分选的影响

由于瞬时测频接收机具有动态范围广，截获概率高等特点，已经成为测频接收机中不可缺少的一部分。文章通过分析瞬时测频接收机的测频原理及特点，结合接收机的分选准则，从测量脉冲信号的前沿着手，提出以线性调频信号作为干扰信号，通过合理的时域以及频域配置，达到对瞬时测频接收机频域参数测量以及信号分选产生影响的目的，并运用仿真验证了干扰效果。