Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,...Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.展开更多
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who wer...Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who were treated in the hospital between July 2012 and January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in two groups of subjects were detected, and the median of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in the observation group were referred to further divide them into high IL-17 group and low IL-17 group as well as high IL-23 group and low IL-23 group respectively, 41 cases in each group. The levels of immunoglobulin, complement and adhesion molecules were compared between patients with different IL-17 and IL-23 levels.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in observation group were higher than those in normal control group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-17 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-23 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group.Conclusion: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels increase in patients with SLE, and their levels are directly correlated with the disease activity.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to obtain IL-10 (interleukin 10) full-length cDNA of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and conduct the sequence analysis. [Method] The differentially expressed cDNA fragment was obtained by...[Objective] This study aimed to obtain IL-10 (interleukin 10) full-length cDNA of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and conduct the sequence analysis. [Method] The differentially expressed cDNA fragment was obtained by DD-RTPCR (differential display RT-PCR). The cDNA library of peripheral blood leukocytes which were separated from common carp and stimulated by mitogen was screened with a probe labeled with DIG (digoxigenin). The IL-10 full-length cDNA was cloned from 0.8×104 pfu of recombinant phages, and the sequence analysis and homology comparison were carried out. [Result] Sequence analysis indicated that the IL-10 full-length cDNA of common carp was 1 117 bp long, containing a 55 bp 5’-UTR, a 522 bp 3’-UTR, and a 540 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 179 amino acids. In addition, there were three mRNA instability motifs (ATTTA) in the 3’-untranslated region. The deduced protein sequence shared typical sequence features of the IL-10 family. Homology comparison indicated that the obtained sequence shared 89.1% homology with the carp IL-10 gene from GenBank. [Conclusion] This study laid foundation for further study of the expression manner, functional characteristic and regulation mechanism of IL-10 in vivo and the interaction mechanism in the inflammatory reaction and immune response.展开更多
文摘Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who were treated in the hospital between July 2012 and January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in two groups of subjects were detected, and the median of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in the observation group were referred to further divide them into high IL-17 group and low IL-17 group as well as high IL-23 group and low IL-23 group respectively, 41 cases in each group. The levels of immunoglobulin, complement and adhesion molecules were compared between patients with different IL-17 and IL-23 levels.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in observation group were higher than those in normal control group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-17 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-23 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group.Conclusion: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels increase in patients with SLE, and their levels are directly correlated with the disease activity.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to obtain IL-10 (interleukin 10) full-length cDNA of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and conduct the sequence analysis. [Method] The differentially expressed cDNA fragment was obtained by DD-RTPCR (differential display RT-PCR). The cDNA library of peripheral blood leukocytes which were separated from common carp and stimulated by mitogen was screened with a probe labeled with DIG (digoxigenin). The IL-10 full-length cDNA was cloned from 0.8×104 pfu of recombinant phages, and the sequence analysis and homology comparison were carried out. [Result] Sequence analysis indicated that the IL-10 full-length cDNA of common carp was 1 117 bp long, containing a 55 bp 5’-UTR, a 522 bp 3’-UTR, and a 540 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 179 amino acids. In addition, there were three mRNA instability motifs (ATTTA) in the 3’-untranslated region. The deduced protein sequence shared typical sequence features of the IL-10 family. Homology comparison indicated that the obtained sequence shared 89.1% homology with the carp IL-10 gene from GenBank. [Conclusion] This study laid foundation for further study of the expression manner, functional characteristic and regulation mechanism of IL-10 in vivo and the interaction mechanism in the inflammatory reaction and immune response.
