In vitro study of neuroendocrine regulation over the testicular development in mud crabs Scylla serrata

The reproductive endocrine activities of neuroendocrine organs and androgenic glands (AG) in male Scylla serrata were investigated with co-incubation technology. In vitro studies show that: (1) the AG in Stage Ⅲ can significantly accelerate the development of seminiferous tubules and spermic matu- ration; (2) the brain, thoracic ganglia and optic ganglia have no direct influence over the testicular devel- opment; (3) the brain and thoracic ganglia can significantly promote the growth of the AG cells and highly significantly boost the ratio of Type B cells, while the optic ganglia have no such effects. It is the first time for in vitro investigations to confirm that the brain and thoracic ganglia can regulate testicular development through AG in male crustaceans.

Radiation Induced Bystander Effect: From in Vitro Studies to Clinical Application

In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.

STUDY ON EFFECTS OF Yb^(3+) AND ITS COMPLEXES ON CELLS IN VITRO

This paper reports the effects of the Yh^(3+) and its four complexes on cultured cells.The results indicate that the 5 mmol YbCl_3 has evident toxicity on cultured cells,and after it is coordinated with ligands,its toxicity is decreased.These.four complexes neither destroy the growth nor inhibit the adliesion of diploid cell to the surface of the flasket,but they inhibit the adhesion of cancer cells,and result in cell death.The complex of Yb~?(3+) with ligand(1) can destroy the cancer cells in division phase.forming aberrant mitotic cells,but the other three complexes of Yb^(3+) with ligands can destroy the cancer cells in interphase.These effects depend on the dose of the complex.

In Vitro Studies: Potensial Use of Dyospiros kaky, Avium grafeolens, Guazuma ulmifolia, Hibiscus sabdariffa as an Agent of Anti-cholesterol

God has made man and has prepared everything for human life.This universe was created for humans to be healthy.The lifestyle of humans in the millenial era has made circulatory disorders in the form of hypercholesterolemia.This study aims to determine the efficacy of herbal plants to reduce blood cholesterol levels.The method used is the in vitro method.Herbal plant used in this experiment Dyospiros kaky 50%,Avium grafeolens 20%,Guazuma ulmifolia 20%,Hibiscus sabdariffa 10%.This study showed that cholesterol level decreased from 200 mg/dL to 102 mg/100 g at dose 20 mg/dL,64.5 mg/100 g,at dose 40 mg/dL,and 94.2 mg/100 g,at dose 60 mg/dL.The best dose to decrease blood cholesterol was 40 mg/dL.This study indicated that Dyospiros kaki is an agent of anti-cholesterol.

A STUDY OF DECREASING DRUG-RESISTANCE OF HUMAN OVARIAN CANCER CELLS IN VITRO

A chemosensitivity test for ovarian cancer using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay was carried out. A dose-response relationship for cisplatin and potentiation of verapamil in increasing vincristine inhibition to ovarian cancer were investigated. A 5- fold increase of cisplatin density converted the tumors which were initially resistance to standard-dose cisplatin Into drug-sensitive ones. Vera-pamil was found to be able to overcome vincristine-resistance of some tumors in vitro. These results suggest that using high dose cisplatin therapy or increasing local drug concentration by using other administration way, we could expect some ovarian cancers that had failed to standard dose cisplatin therapy to be effective. Combination of vincristine with verapamll may be helpful in treating some vincristineresistant cases.

Awareness and Attitudes Toward In Vitro Fertilization in Patients with Infertility:A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective:To investigate the awareness and attitudes of patients with infertility toward in vitro fertilization(IVF).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with infertility at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital.Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that consists of patient background information,methods of obtaining relevant IVF information,and patients’awareness of IVF treatment as well as the law and ethics.Results:A total of 198 participants of different backgrounds were enrolled in the study,and IVF information was obtained through different means;however,most of the participants had a lack of awareness and improper attitude toward IVF.The participants had higher estimations of treatment expenses(Pearson λ^(2)=22.132,P<0.05)and time(Pearson λ^(2)=47.992,P<0.05)during the initial consultation,while those with treatment experience expressed fewer concerns about IVF therapy(Pearson λ^(2)=9.467,P<0.05),particularly about the genetic risks of having IVF.Conclusion:Measures should be taken to improve patients’awareness and attitudes toward IVF,and a large-scale and multicenter clinical study should be conducted in the future.

Study on the Effect of Dental Metal Alloys on the Histamine Liberation of Blood Basophiles in Vitro

Biomaterials for restoration or replacement of diseased tissues may have any origin.The major characteristic for biomaterials is biocompatibility.All biomaterials,used in medicine (dentistry,in particular),interreact with the organism tissues.And the changes occur both in the materials and the organism tissues.It is considered that there are no "inert biomaterials." The number of allergic diseases and complications is constantly growing all over the world,taking an important place in the structure of infectious and noninfectious pathology[1].Pollen,household,epidermal,and food-borne allergens,and haptens are the most frequent sources of sensibilization.

VITROS950全自动干化学分析仪生物参考区间适用性验证探讨

目的对950型全自动生化分析仪检验项目的现用生物参考区间进行验证，确保其适用于该实验室，为临床提供准确的诊断依据。方法按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）C28一A2推荐方法，采集符合要求健康参考个体标本20名．按实验室标准化操作程序（SOP）文件要求规范用VITROS950全自动干化学分析仪检测标本．分析实验结果。结果共计测定19项。其中总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）和肌酐（CREA）5％以上在现用的生物参考区问以外，TP、ALB超出上限，CREA超出下限；尿素（UREA）、氯（CI）、总胆红素（TBIL）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）95％结果在现用的生物参考区间内；其余项目100％在现用的生物参考区间内。结论该次验证的项目除TP、ALB和CREA外，现用的生物参考区间适用于该实验室，可以继续使用；实验的验证具有科学的说服力，容易发现生物参考区间的偏离，建立完善的验证制度、程序，值得推广应用。

In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine

Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P【0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.

In Vitro Chemosensitivity Testing of Primary and Recurrent Breast Carcinomas and Its Clinical Significance

In this study, in vitro chemosensitivity testing was conducted on primary cultured breast cancer cells from 96 patients with breast cancer, and the results showed that the cells from a few patients with primary breast cancer developed multidrug resistance （MDR） prior to the first chemotherapy exposure. All the cells from the recurrent cancer patients had MDR. The findings suggested that patients having MDR would benefit from high-dose chemotherapy （HDC） regimens. In vitro chemo-sensitivity screening, which was aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects, helps in choosing individualized treatment for breast cancer.

<i>In Vitro</i>Characterisation of Pharmacological Effect of Prostacyclin Analogues in Comparison to Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Small Human Pulmonary Vessels

Background and Aim of Study: The phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Sildenafil and Milrinone), Nitric Oxide donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and prostacyclin analogs are commonly used pulmonary vasodilators to treat pulmonary hypertension. In the past few years, we have used human pulmonary artery rings in vitro to evaluate pulmonary vascular resistance. The main objective of the current study is to document the pharmacological impact of clinically used prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary system in parallel with phosphodiesterase inhibitors and SNP. Methods: The study used human pulmonary artery rings of internal diameter of 2 - 4 mm and length of 2 mm. These were extracted from patients with lung resections. These rings were then mounted on a multiwire myograph, and changes in isometric tension were noted. Then, concentration response curves were constructed to Sildenafil (Sd), Milrinone (Mil), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), Epoprostenol (Ep), Iloprost (Ip) and Treprostinil (Tp). Results: 52 pulmonary artery rings were used in these experiments. Sildenafil, Milrinone, SNP, Epoprostenol, Iloprost and Treprostinil caused a concentration-dependent vasodilation in small human pulmonary arteries (pEC50: 5.97 ± 0.22, 5.99 ± 0.12, 7.64 ± 0.08, 7.53 ± 0.14, 8.84 ± 0.15 and 9.48 ± 0.13 respectively, n = 8 to 12). The efficacy for the same was in the order: Tp = Ip > Ep > Mil > SNP > Sd. The potency varied in the order: Tp > Ip > SNP > Ep > Mil > Sd. Conclusion: This research showed the efficacy as well as the potency of SNP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary vasculature. Treprostinil and Iloprost exhibited maximum relaxation. However, Sildenafil and SNP showed lesser impact. These effects need to be considered for clinical studies for enhanced patient outcomes.

Experimental study of TGF-β1/Smads pathway inhibition of macrophage polarization based on miR145-5P negative feedback regulation

imbalance of synovial macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Human mononuclear cells(THP‑1)at logarithmic growth stage were induced into M1‑type macrophages,and RA synovial fibroblasts M1‑type macrophages were co‑cultured into synovial macrophages.Synovial macrophages were divided into four groups:RA group(blank group),TGF‑β1 group(model group)and miR145‑5P overexpression group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P mimics group)and miR145‑5P overexpression negative control group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC group).The blank group did not receive any treatment,and the other three groups were induced by TGF‑β1 in the medium for 48 h.Transfection miR145‑5p mimic and miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC were added to co‑culture medium,and IL‑6,IL‑6 and IL‑6 of synovial macrophages were detected by ELISA.CD163 expression.Rt‑qpcr was used to detect miR145‑5p mRNA,TGF‑β1mRNA,Smad3mRNA,Smad7mRNA expression level.The expression of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway related proteins was detected by Western Blotting.Results:Compared with blank group,IL‑6 level was up‑regulated(P<0.01),and CD163 level was down‑regulated in model group(P<0.05),suggesting that TGF‑β1 could induce intensified immune inflammatory response.Compared with the negative miR145‑5P overexpression control group and model group,The expression of miR145‑5P overexpression group molecule CD163 was significantly increased by ELISA(P<0.01),and the expression of inflammatory factor IL‑6 was decreased(P<0.05).PCR showed that miR145‑5P mRNA expression level was significantly increased in miR145‑5P overexpression group,Smad3 mRNA and TGF‑β1 mRNA were significantly decreased,and Smad7 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0.01).WB method showed that the anti‑inflammatory protein Smad7 was significantly increased,while TGF‑β1 and Smad3 were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Transwell chamber results confirmed that miR145‑5P overexpression group significantly reduced macrophage invasion(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that miR145‑5P was negatively correlated with Smad3 and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR145‑5P may inhibit macrophage polarization in RA patients by targeting Smad3 protein,negatively regulating TGF‑β1/Smads pathway,and alleviating immune inflammation.

Metal Complexes with 8-Hydroxyquinoline: Synthesis and <i>In Vitro</i>Antimicrobial Activity

In this paper, three complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) were synthesized, their spectral analysis was performed and the antimicrobial effect was examined in vitro. The stoichiometric ratio of the complex was determined conductometrically and spectrophotometrically. FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy were used for structural characterization. Antimicrobial activity was examined by diffusion technique on selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and C. albicans. Square planar and octahedral geometry complexes were synthesized by mixing in a molar ratio of 1:2 (M:L). Based on the spectral data, it is concluded that both oxygen and nitrogen atoms from 8-HQ are involved in the formation of the complex. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes is high, with zones of inhibition in the range of 15 - 28 mm. 8-HQ was shown to have a significantly higher ability to inhibit the growth of the tested microorganisms.

依维莫司单独与联合唑类药物对耐药念珠菌体外敏感研究

目的探讨依维莫司单独及联合伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑和氟康唑对耐药念珠菌及耳念珠菌的体外作用。方法于2022年3—6月,采用美国临床实验室标准研究所M27-A3微量稀释法和微量肉汤稀释棋盘技术研究依维莫司联合伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑及氟康唑对耐药念珠菌及耳念珠菌的体外治疗作用。通过测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和部分抑菌浓度指数来确定协同效应。结果依维莫司单药治疗22株耐药念珠菌及10株耳念珠菌的MIC为0.250~4.000 mg/L、1.000 mg/L,伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、氟康唑单独使用对22株耐药念珠菌MIC范围分别为0.125~4.000 mg/L、<0.125~2.000 mg/L、0.063~2.000 mg/L、1.000~64.000 mg/L,伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑单独使用对10株耳念珠菌MIC范围分别为0.500~2.000 mg/L、0.125~8.000 mg/L、0.125~1.000 mg/L。当依维莫司与伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、氟康唑联合使用时,对耐药念珠菌的协同作用分别是9株(40.90%)、4株(18.18%)、8株(36.36%)、9株(40.90%)。当依维莫司联合唑类作用于耳念珠菌,未发现任何拮抗作用。结论依维莫司单独使用对耐药念珠菌及耳念珠菌菌株具有明显抗真菌作用,同时依维莫司联合唑类作用于耐药念珠菌时,表现出良好的协同作用,且没有拮抗作用,其进一步提升其抗耐药念珠及耳念珠菌的作用。

骆驼胎盘抗氧化肽的制备及其稳定性研究

该研究以骆驼胎盘为原料,筛选蛋白酶及其抗氧化肽的最佳制备条件,再通过超滤分离出不同分子质量的骆驼胎盘抗氧化肽,评价其体外抗氧化活性和稳定性,结果表明,以木瓜蛋白酶酶解骆驼胎盘,以水解度为评价指标,通过单因素及响应面优化试验确定制备骆驼胎盘抗氧化肽的最佳条件为:酶解时间3 h、酶解温度57.5℃,酶添加量4770 U/g,酶解pH 6.3,此条件下水解度达到42.21%;骆驼胎盘抗氧化肽在高温、弱酸性和中性环境中活性保持稳定,碱性条件下抗氧化能力降低。经过胃肠蛋白酶消化后,DPPH自由基清除率先上升4.63%后下降,ABTS阳离子自由基清除率显著提升2.21%(P<0.05),该研究可为骆驼胎盘抗氧化肽在生产加工和应用中提供理论依据。

生物可降解锌基合金的研究进展

生物可降解金属材料由于其良好的机械性能、生物相容性和生物降解能力,已逐渐成为应用研究领域的热点。锌作为参与人体系统各项工作的元素之一,在新陈代谢中扮演着关键角色,具有适宜的降解速率,因此,在骨折固定、血管支架等领域展现出了良好的应用前景。本研究对可降解锌基合金的生理学优势和机械性能进行了总结,并对其耐腐蚀性能进行了体外研究与体内研究的综合分析。

奥马环素对脓肿分枝杆菌体外抑菌及细胞内杀菌活性

目的:研究奥马环素对脓肿分枝杆菌的体外抑菌和细胞内杀菌活性,为探索治疗脓肿分枝杆菌病更优的药物组合提供数据支撑。方法:选取分离自2015—2016年首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院就诊患者的58株脓肿分枝杆菌临床分离株及保存于北京结核病临床数据与样本资源库(北京胸科医院)的脓肿分枝杆菌标准菌株(ATCC 199777)作为研究菌株。采用微孔板法测定奥马环素对脓肿分枝杆菌标准株的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),以及对58株临床分离株的MIC_(90)。采用棋盘法测定奥马环素与常用抗脓肿分枝杆菌药物两药联合对脓肿分枝杆菌标准株的抑菌效果;采用胞内杀菌法测定不同两药组合对胞内菌的杀伤能力。结果:奥马环素对脓肿分枝杆菌标准株的MIC为0.5μg/ml,MBC为4μg/ml;奥马环素对58株脓肿分枝杆菌临床分离株的MIC_(90)为0.5μg/ml。奥马环素与克拉霉素、利奈唑胺、贝达喹啉联用有协同作用,其分数抑制浓度指数分别为0.250、0.375和0.375;与氯法齐明、阿奇霉素、利福布汀联用有加和作用,其分数抑制浓度指数分别为0.750、0.625和0.560。奥马环素与贝达喹啉联合后MBC变化最显著,由4μg/ml下降至0.05μg/ml,比单药作用下降98.75%。对胞内细菌的杀灭作用显示,在24 h时,奥马环素联用阿奇霉素对于胞内菌的杀菌作用最明显,胞内菌量从(7.02±0.06)log_(10)CFU下降至(5.36±0.10)log_(10)CFU,差异有统计学意义(t=3.241,P<0.001);在48 h时,奥马环素联用氯法齐明胞内菌量从(7.36±0.10)log_(10)CFU下降至(5.33±0.35)log_(10)CFU,差异有统计学意义(t=8.265,P=0.004);联用亚胺培南胞内菌量从(6.87±0.15)log_(10)CFU下降至(5.10±0.17)log_(10)CFU,差异有统计学意义(t=13.190,P<0.001);联用利奈唑胺胞内菌量从(6.95±0.05)log_(10)CFU下降至(5.26±0.24)log_(10)CFU,差异有统计学意义(t=11.920,P=0.005);联用利福布汀胞内菌量从(6.98±0.07)log_(10)CFU下降至(5.65±0.16)log_(10)CFU,差异有统计学意义(t=13.440,P=0.001)。结论:奥马环素联合其他药物对脓肿分枝杆菌具有抑制作用和杀菌作用,具有治疗脓肿分枝杆菌病的潜力。