利用中国区域550个站点逐日地面气温及降水资料,评估了参与政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次报告(the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCCAR4)的13个新一代全球气候系统模式及多模式集合...利用中国区域550个站点逐日地面气温及降水资料,评估了参与政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次报告(the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCCAR4)的13个新一代全球气候系统模式及多模式集合对中国近40 a(1961—2000年)地面气温和降水的模拟能力,结果表明:最新全球模式对中国地区地面气温年变化及空间分布的模拟结果均较好,但在整个模拟区域地面气温模拟值系统性偏低,东部地区模拟效果好于中西部;对于降水,大部分模式能模拟出中国降水的年变化及空间分布特征,但模拟的区域性差别较大,多数模式对中国东部季风区夏季雨带北抬的过程有一定的模拟能力,但模拟雨带位置偏北。新一代全球模式能模拟出温度的线性变化趋势,但对温度及降水的年际变率模拟能力较低。比较多种评估指标得出,模式集合对温度的模拟效果最好,模式UKMO-HadCM3对降水的模拟效果最好。展开更多
Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models w...Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models were evaluated. By analyzing the diurnal variation of convective and stratiform components, results confirmed that major biases in rainfall diurnal cycles over subtropical China are due to convection parameterization and further pointed to the diurnal variation of convective rainfall being closely related to the closure of the convective scheme. All models captured the early-morning peak of total rainfall over the East China Sea, but most models had problems in simulating diurnal rainfall variations over land areas of subtropical China. When total rainfall was divided into stratiform and convective rainfall, all models successfully simulated the diurnal variation of stratiform rainfall with a maximum in the early morning. The models, overestimating noon-time （nocturnal） total rainfall over land, generally simulated too much convective rainfall, which peaked close to noon （midnight）, sharing some similarities in the closures of their deep convection schemes. The better performance of the Meteorological Research Institute atmospherer. ocean coupled global climate model version 3 （MRI-CGCM3） is attributed to the well captured ratio of the two kinds of rainfall, but not diurnal variations of the two components. Therefore, a proper ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall to total rainfall is also important to improve simulated diurnal rainfall variation.展开更多
Seasonal changes exhibit climate changes, so models can predict future climate change accurately only if they can reproduce seasonal cycle accu-rately. Further, seasonal changes are much larger than the changes even i...Seasonal changes exhibit climate changes, so models can predict future climate change accurately only if they can reproduce seasonal cycle accu-rately. Further, seasonal changes are much larger than the changes even in long period of centuries. Thus it is unwise to ignore large ones compared to small climate change. In this paper, we determine how accurately a suite of ten coupled general circulation models reproduce the observed seasonal cycle in rainfall of the tropics. The seasonal cycles in rainfall of global tropics are known as monsoons. We found that the models can reasonably reproduce the seasonal cycle in rainfall, thus are useful in climate prediction and simulation of global monsoons.展开更多
我国已宣布力争2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值,为确保河北省能够保质保量完成碳达峰目标,采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)排放因子法测算河北省2005-2021年化石能源消费碳排放量...我国已宣布力争2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值,为确保河北省能够保质保量完成碳达峰目标,采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)排放因子法测算河北省2005-2021年化石能源消费碳排放量,选取人口、人均GDP、城镇化率、产业结构、能源强度和能源结构6个因素,构建了河北省碳排放人口、财富和技术影响(stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology, STIRPAT)预测模型,通过构建河北省碳排放情景,对河北2022-2040年碳排放量进行了预测。结果表明在基准情景和经济发展情景下,河北省碳排放趋势是持续上升的,未出现达峰点;产业转型、绿色发展和目标导向情景下出现了峰值点,其中目标导向情景在2029年达峰,绿色发展情景在2030年达峰,碳达峰量分别为81 626.658万吨二氧化碳和86 018.255万吨二氧化碳,产业转型情景在2035年达峰,碳达峰量为85 214.349万吨二氧化碳。按照目前情景发展下河北省难以在2030年实现碳达峰,为保质保量完成达峰目标,需要以能源绿色低碳发展为关键手段,同时以科技和制度创新为动力,调整优化产业结构和能源结构。展开更多
文摘利用中国区域550个站点逐日地面气温及降水资料,评估了参与政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次报告(the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCCAR4)的13个新一代全球气候系统模式及多模式集合对中国近40 a(1961—2000年)地面气温和降水的模拟能力,结果表明:最新全球模式对中国地区地面气温年变化及空间分布的模拟结果均较好,但在整个模拟区域地面气温模拟值系统性偏低,东部地区模拟效果好于中西部;对于降水,大部分模式能模拟出中国降水的年变化及空间分布特征,但模拟的区域性差别较大,多数模式对中国东部季风区夏季雨带北抬的过程有一定的模拟能力,但模拟雨带位置偏北。新一代全球模式能模拟出温度的线性变化趋势,但对温度及降水的年际变率模拟能力较低。比较多种评估指标得出,模式集合对温度的模拟效果最好,模式UKMO-HadCM3对降水的模拟效果最好。
基金jointly supported by the Major National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)on Global Change(Grant No.2010CB951902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41221064 and 41205053)the China R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry(meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY201306068)
文摘Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models were evaluated. By analyzing the diurnal variation of convective and stratiform components, results confirmed that major biases in rainfall diurnal cycles over subtropical China are due to convection parameterization and further pointed to the diurnal variation of convective rainfall being closely related to the closure of the convective scheme. All models captured the early-morning peak of total rainfall over the East China Sea, but most models had problems in simulating diurnal rainfall variations over land areas of subtropical China. When total rainfall was divided into stratiform and convective rainfall, all models successfully simulated the diurnal variation of stratiform rainfall with a maximum in the early morning. The models, overestimating noon-time （nocturnal） total rainfall over land, generally simulated too much convective rainfall, which peaked close to noon （midnight）, sharing some similarities in the closures of their deep convection schemes. The better performance of the Meteorological Research Institute atmospherer. ocean coupled global climate model version 3 （MRI-CGCM3） is attributed to the well captured ratio of the two kinds of rainfall, but not diurnal variations of the two components. Therefore, a proper ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall to total rainfall is also important to improve simulated diurnal rainfall variation.
文摘Seasonal changes exhibit climate changes, so models can predict future climate change accurately only if they can reproduce seasonal cycle accu-rately. Further, seasonal changes are much larger than the changes even in long period of centuries. Thus it is unwise to ignore large ones compared to small climate change. In this paper, we determine how accurately a suite of ten coupled general circulation models reproduce the observed seasonal cycle in rainfall of the tropics. The seasonal cycles in rainfall of global tropics are known as monsoons. We found that the models can reasonably reproduce the seasonal cycle in rainfall, thus are useful in climate prediction and simulation of global monsoons.
文摘我国已宣布力争2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值,为确保河北省能够保质保量完成碳达峰目标,采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)排放因子法测算河北省2005-2021年化石能源消费碳排放量,选取人口、人均GDP、城镇化率、产业结构、能源强度和能源结构6个因素,构建了河北省碳排放人口、财富和技术影响(stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology, STIRPAT)预测模型,通过构建河北省碳排放情景,对河北2022-2040年碳排放量进行了预测。结果表明在基准情景和经济发展情景下,河北省碳排放趋势是持续上升的,未出现达峰点;产业转型、绿色发展和目标导向情景下出现了峰值点,其中目标导向情景在2029年达峰,绿色发展情景在2030年达峰,碳达峰量分别为81 626.658万吨二氧化碳和86 018.255万吨二氧化碳,产业转型情景在2035年达峰,碳达峰量为85 214.349万吨二氧化碳。按照目前情景发展下河北省难以在2030年实现碳达峰,为保质保量完成达峰目标,需要以能源绿色低碳发展为关键手段,同时以科技和制度创新为动力,调整优化产业结构和能源结构。
