Test research on IR radiation characteristics control of space target using cryogenic vacuum multilayer insulation film structure

In order to achieve the objective of controlling IR radiation characteristics of space target,we design multilayer insulation film structure to cover the target.In space environment the structure comes to cryogenic vacuum multilayer insulation film structure.It can quickly lower the surface temperature of space target,approaching to the ultra-low temperature of the space environment.A vacuum simulation verification test was designed and performed.Through the analysis of test results,we can see that the surface temperature of space target covered by the structure changes with the ambient temperature,having no direct relationship with internal temperature of the target.Therefore,the designed cryogenic vacuum multilayer insulation film structure has excellent IR radiation control performance.It can reduce the target’s IR radiation intensity so as to reduce the probability of detection by IR detectors.

Treatment of malignant airway obstruction with intrabronchial microwave tissue coagulation in combination with Ir192 radiation

Thirty cases of central type lung cancer complicated with airway obstruction were treated with intrabronchial microwave tissue coagulation (IMTC ) in combination with Ir 192 radiation (Ir192--IR ). The needle--shaped microwave irradiator was modified by the authors. After the treatment, airway obstruction was completely released in 19 cases and partially released in 10. Only 1 case had no response. In 4 to 6 months after the treatment, 20 out of the 30 cases that were followed up presented with no bronchial bleeding, fistula formation or other complications. of the 20 cases, 10 showed complete remission and the other 10 showed partial remission.

The Influence of IR Absorption and Backscatter Radiation from CO₂on Air Temperature during Heating in a Simulated Earth/Atmosphere Experiment

The Greenhouse Effect was simulated in a laboratory setup, consisting of a heated ground area and two chambers, one filled with air and one filled with air or CO2. While heating the gas the temperature and IR radiation in both chambers were measured. IR radiation was produced by heating a metal plate mounted on the rear wall. Reduced IR radiation through the front window was observed when the air in the foremost chamber was exchanged with CO2. In the rear chamber, we observed increased IR radiation due to backscatter from the front chamber. Based on the Stefan Boltzmann’s law, this should increase the temperature of the air in the rear chamber by 2.4 to 4 degrees, but no such increase was found. A thermopile, made to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the temperature measurements, showed that the temperature with CO2 increased slightly, about 0.5%.

The Influence of Heat Source IR Radiation on Black-Body Heating/Cooling with Increased CO2 Concentration

This study deal with interactions between thermal and radiative energy flow in experimental situations of varying complexity. Of special interest is how IR energy, re-emitted from CO2 gas, behaves in an earth/atmosphere simulated setup. Such an experiment was performed by Hermann Harde and Michael Schnell where they show that IR radiation emitted from CO2 can warm a small black-body metal plate. In a control experiment, we verified this result. However, in their experiment, the amount of IR radiation from the heating element was strongly attenuated. In a modified experiment, where IR emission from the heating source is present, no heating but a slight cooling of a black object is found when air is replaced by CO2. The modified experimental situation is also more like the earth/atmosphere situation. The presence of IR radiation from a heated surface (like when the sun heats the earth’s surface) strongly attenuates the heating ability of increasing backscatter from increased amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This result has consequences for the climate change models used by IPCC.

Sources of IR Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere in Connection with the PeTa Effect

The PeTa (Perelman-Tatartchenko) effect is the radiation of the energy of a first-order phase transition during the transition from a less condensed phase to a more condensed one. The effect was independently discovered by M. Perelman and the author of this paper. Six papers on the PeTa effect have been published in this journal over the past nine years. They are devoted to the development of PeTa models to explain the following phenomena: IR radiation from cold surfaces, cavitation luminescence/sonoluminescence (CL/SL), laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL), and vapor bubble luminescence (VBL) in underwater geysers. This paper describes the sources of PeTa radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. These sources of infrared radiation have been investigated by numerous research groups, but their interpretation either does not exist at all, or it is erroneous. The following phenomena are specifically considered: PeTa radiation during the formation of clouds and fog;a pulse laser based on the PeTa radiation;condensation explosions as sources of PaTa radiation;measurement of the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere using PeTa radiation;atmospheric scintillation of infrared radiation in the atmosphere due to the PeTa effect;PeTa radiation as a source of comfort for the igloo;the influence of PeTa radiation on living organisms;PeTa radiation due to characteristics of tropical storms;PeTa radiation as a possible precursor to earthquakes. The problem of global warming, which worries everyone, as it turns out, is also associated with the PeTa effect.

Extraction of the key infrared radiation temperature features concerning stress and crack evolution of loaded rocks

The infrared radiation temperature(IRT)variation concerning stress and crack evolution of rocks is a critical focus in rock mechanics domain and engineering disaster warning.In this paper,a methodology to extract the key IRT features related to stress and crack evolution of loaded rocks is proposed.Specifically,the wavelet denoising and reconstruction in thermal image sequence(WDRTIS)method is employed to eliminate temporal noise in thermal image sequences.Subsequently,the adaptive partition temperature drift correction(APTDC)method is introduced to alleviate temperature drift.On this basis,the spatial noise correction method based on threshold segmentation and adaptive median filtering(OTSU-AMF)is proposed to extract the key IRT features associated with microcracks of loaded rocks.Following temperature drift correction,IRT provides an estimation of the thermoelastic factor in rocks,typically around 5.29×10^(-5) MPa^(-1) for sandstones.Results reveal that the high-temperature concentrated region in cumulative thermal images of crack evolution(TICE)can elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution of localized damage.Additionally,heat dissipation of crack evolution(HDCE)acquired from TICE quantifies the progressive failure process of rocks.The proposed methodology enhances the reliability of IRT monitoring results and provides an innovative approach for conducting research in rock mechanics and monitoring engineering disasters.

CO2 Back-Radiation Sensitivity Studies under Laboratory and Field Conditions

We measured the IR back radiation using a relatively low-cost experimental setup and a test chamber with increasing CO2 concentrations starting with a pure N2 atmosphere against a temperature-controlled black reference background. The results confirm estimations within this work and previous finding about CO2-induced infrared radiation saturation within realistic atmospheric conditions. We used this setup also to study thermal forcing effects with stronger and rare greenhouse gases against a clear night sky. Our results and their interpretation are another indication for having a more critical approach in climate modelling and against monocausal interpretation of climate indices only caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Basic physics combined with measurements and data taken from the literature allow us to conclude that CO2 induced infrared back-radiation must follow an asymptotic logarithmic-like behavior, which is also widely accepted in the climate-change community. The important question of climate sensitivity by doubling current CO2 concentrations is estimated to be below 1˚C. This value is important when the United Nations consider climate change as an existential threat and many governments intend rigorously to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, led by an ambitious European Union inspired by IPCC assessments is targeting for more than 55% in 2030 and up to 100% in 2050 [1]. But probably they should also listen to experts [2] [3] who found that all these predictions have considerable flaws in basic models, data and impact scenarios.

结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测

不同时相遥感影像变化检测已成为土地利用变更调查、城市扩张分析、自然灾害分析及其他环境问题必不可少的技术手段之一。本文提出了一种结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测方法。该方法通过伪不变特征法完成两期影像的相对辐射校正,有效改善影像间的配准误差,并利用IR-MAD算法对校正后的影像进行迭代运算,采用均值漂移算法对迭代后的影像进行分割,同时运用形态学方法处理分割后的影像,最终提取变化图斑。试验结果表明,该方法可以有效检测出变化区域,可应用于城市地表覆盖的变化检测。

IR／CR共混物网络结构评价

根据Ｍｏｏｎｅｙ－Ｒｉｖｌｉｎ和Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｒｅｈｎｅｒ方程考察了辐射交联和化学交联ＩＲ／ＣＲ共混物的网络结构特征。结果表明．化学交联生成了比较密实、均匀的网络结构，而辐射交联生成比较松散的网络结构。研究了常数２Ｃ＿１，２Ｃ＿２及溶胀体系中橡胶的体积分数γ＿ｋ与共混物组成的不同依赖性，评价了物理交联对网络总模量的贡献。

ATCM技术结合IR降低下肢动脉CTA辐射剂量的可行性研究

目的探讨自动管电流调制(ATCM)技术结合迭代重建算法(IR)降低下肢动脉血管成像(CTA)辐射剂量的可行性。方法选择在本院行下肢动脉CTA检查患者51例,随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(19例)。对照组设置管电流时间为300m As,采用传统滤波反投影法重建算法(FBP)后处理;观察组设定噪声指数(NI)为固定值10,采用ATCM结合3级(约50%)权重IR后处理。分别测量选择层面血管CT值及各层面CT值标准差(SD)、图像信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR)、CT剂量容积指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效吸收剂量(ED)及扫描长度,并对图像质量进行主观评价。结果两组扫描长度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组CTDIvol、DLP、ED较对照组均明显降低(P<0.05);观察组股浅动脉、腘动脉和胫后动脉CT值、SD均高于对照组(P<0.05),SNR与CNR均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组主观图像质量得分为(4.20±0.58)分,与对照组得分(4.08±0.57)分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 ATCM结合IR扫描方案可在保证图像整体质量的前提下,有效降低辐射剂量,为患者提供无创、准确和有效的检查方法,可作为下肢动脉CTA低剂量扫描手段之一。

^(192)Ir高活性源衰变对HCT-8细胞和小鼠肿瘤LA_(795)生物效应的影响

用不同活度１９２Ｉｒ高活性源对ＨＶＴ－８细胞及小鼠肿瘤ＬＡ７９５的生物效应进行了实验。结果表明；在源活度为３２９．３ＧＢｑ及８５．１ＧＢｑ时，ＨＣＴ－８细胞存情曲线无显著不同，与Ｘ射线照射相比，相对生物效应（０．１存活）为０．４３；小鼠肿瘤ＬＡ７９５的实验结果表用，１９２Ｉｒ高活性源的源活度为２９２．３ＧＢｑ及９６．２ＧＢｑ时生物效应无显著差异，与同期Ｘ射线照射相比，相对生物效应为０．５５－０．６０（肿瘤生长延缓）。

高剂量率^(192)Irγ射线参考辐射场的搭建

为完成高剂量率^(192)Ir放射源参考空气比释动能率的绝对测量工作,设计了专用的辐照器及定位装置,利用医用高剂量率近距离治疗机搭建了准直的参考辐射场。参考ISO 4037等相关标准,对参考辐射场的散射、辐射野、半值层、有效能量等相关参数进行了测量和研究。结果显示,在辐射场多个位置,环境散射份额小于主射束的0.003%;在距离放射源1.4 m的位置,辐射野直径为98 mm,尺寸大于基准石墨空腔电离室;半值层测量结果为8.224 mm(Cu),有效能量为402.8 keV,利用HPGe探测器测量的^(192)Ir能谱与模拟谱契合度良好。各项参数均满足了^(192)Ir近距离治疗源参考空气比释动能率的量值复现要求,为其绝对测量与国际比对工作打下基础。

Combination of genistein with ionizing radiation on andro-gen-independent prostate cancer cells

Aim: To study the effect of the combined use of genistein and ionizing radiation (IR) on prostate DU145 cancer cells. Methods: DU145, an androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line, was used in the experiment. Clonogenic assay was used to compare the survival of DU145 cells after treatments with genistein alone and in combination with graded IR. Apoptosis was assayed by DNA ladder and TUNEL stain. Cell cycle alterations were observed by flow cytometry and related protein expressions by immunoblotting. Results: Clonogenic assay demonstrated that genistein, even at low to medium concentrations, enhanced the radiosensitivity of DU145 cells. Twenty-four hours after treatment with IR and/or genistein, apoptosis was mainly seen with genistein at high concentrations and was minimally related to IR. At 72 h, apoptosis also occurred in treatment with lower concentration of genistein, especially when combined with IR. While both IR and genistein led to G2/M cell cycle arrest, combination of them further increased the DU145 cells at G2/M phase. This Gz/M arrest was largely maintained at 72 h, accompanied by increasing apoptosis and hyperdiploid cell population. Cell-cycle related protein analysis disclosed biphasic changes in cyclin B1 and less dramatically cdc-2, but stably elevated p21cipl levels with increasing genistein concentrations. Conclusion: Genistein enhanced the radiosensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms might be involved in the increased apoptosis, prolonged cell cycle arrest and impaired damage repair.

The study on optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter based on the SrS:Eu,Sm and CaS:Eu,Sm

With the increasing use of nuclear energy, there is a need for a wider range of efficient dosimeters for radiation detection and assessment. There has been a tremendous growth in the development of radiation detectors and devices in the past few decades. In recent years, the development of new materials for radiation dosimetry has progressed significantly. Alkaline earth sulfides （AES） have been known for a long time as excellent and versatile phosphor materials. In the present investigation, a number of phosphor samples such as mono-, binary and ternary sulfides of alkaline earths （II^a-VI^b） have been prepared and their TL properties have been studied with respect to exposure （x-ray） response and fading. In this paper, some results on SrS：Eu, Sm and CaS：Eu, Sm phosphors are presented. A type of novel OSL dosimeter is described. The dosimeter takes advantage of the characteristics of charge trapping materials SrS：Eu, Sm and CaS：Eu, Sm that exhibit optically stimulated luminescence （OSL）. The measuring range of the dosimeter is from 0.01 to 1000 Gy. The OSL dosimeters provide capability for remote monitoring radiation locations which are difficult to access and hazardous. This equipment is relatively simple, small in size and has low power consumption. The device is suitable for space radiation dose exploration. In addition, it also can be used in IC and other radiation occasions and has good prospects.

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter based on CaS:Eu,Sm

Alkaline earth sulfides (MgS,CaS and BaS) crystal doped with rare-earth ions is an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter with very high sensitivity,short time constant of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) separated perfectly from the stimulation.In this paper,an OSL dosimeter is described.It has linear dose response from 0.01 to 1000 Gy.The equipment,relatively simple and small in size is promising for applications in space exploration and for high dose irradiation and dangerous irradiation conditions.

COMPARISON BETWEEN FEL AND CYCLOTRON RADIATION

In general,in free electron lasers there are two kinds of stimulated radiations:FELradiation and cyclotron radiation.This paper chows theoretically that if the initial transversevelocity of electron beam is large and the selected parameters for FEL are not suitable,thecyclotron radiation will be dominant,especially when the energy of electron beam is low.But thecyclotron radiation does not have double Doppler frequency upshift effect,its frequency is limitedby axial megnetic field,and when the energy of electron beam is high,the cyclotron radiationfrequency will be much lower than FEL radiation frequency.Therefore,in FEL experimentshow to distinguish these two kinds of radiations and to suppress the cyclotron radiation are veryimportant.

The International Radiation Symposium 2016

1. Overview The 2016 International Radiation Symposium, a joint venture between the IRC （International Radiation Commis- sion） and lAMAS （International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences）, took place at the University of Auckland from April 16th to 22nd. The wide scope of atmo-spheric radiation research was apparent, with focuses ranging from the planetary to the particulate, and from the hourly to the millennial.

Peculiarities of Radiation Effects in MgO:Mn²⁺Crystals

The thermally stimulated luminescence and IR absorption spectra of MgO:Mn2+ crystals irradiated in different reactors have been studied. It has been shown that dependence of TSL peaks (450 and 550 K) and optical absorption bands (3290, 3720 and 1600 cm-1) on neutron fluence correlate. The trend of these changes in the same fluence range (1014-1017 n/cm2) depends both on the initial state of the crystal and on the irradiation source, which may be explained by the “small dose effect”.

某医院^(192)Ir近距离后装治疗机房辐射防护设计

目的探讨某医院拟新建192Ir近距离后装治疗机房辐射防护设计的可行性,有效控制职业病危害,保障辐射安全。方法依据国内外相关技术规范和标准,按辐射防护的基本原则对后装治疗机房辐射防护设计进行剂量估算和评价。结果近距离后装治疗机房各防护墙厚度均符合要求,防护门设计符合要求。后装治疗机房墙体计算厚度(混凝土)为:北墙595 mm,东墙595 mm,南墙479 mm,西墙595 mm,顶棚主墙2 282 mm,顶棚488 mm;防护门铅板厚度7 mm。结论后装机房各侧墙体、顶棚、防护门的屏蔽防护厚度均能够满足防护要求。

The Thermal Radiation of the Atmosphere and Its Role in the So-Called Greenhouse Effect

Knowledge about thermal radiation of the atmosphere is rich in hypotheses and theories but poor in empiric evidence. Thereby, the Stefan-Boltzmann relation is of central importance in atmosphere physics, and holds the status of a natural law. However, its empirical foundation is little, tracing back to experiments made by Dulong and Petit two hundred years ago. Originated by Stefan at the end of the 19th century, and theoretically founded afterwards by Boltzmann, it delivers the absolute temperature of a blackbody—or rather of a solid opaque body (SOB)—as a result of the incident solar radiation intensity, the emitted thermal radiation of this body, and the counter-radiation of the atmosphere. Thereby, a similar character of the blackbody radiation—describable by the expression σ·T4—and the atmospheric counter-radiation was assumed. But this appears quite abstruse and must be questioned, not least since no pressure-dependency is provided. Thanks to the author’s recently published work—proposing novel measuring methods—, the possibility was opened-up not only to find an alternative approach for the counter-radiation of the atmosphere, but also to verify it by measurements. This approach was ensued from the observation that the IR-radiative emission of gases is proportional to the pressure and to the square root of the absolute temperature, which could be bolstered by applying the kinetic gas theory. The here presented verification of the modified counter-radiation term A·p·T0.5 in the Stefan-Boltzmann relation was feasible using a direct caloric method for determining the solar absorption coefficients of coloured aluminium-plates and the respective limiting temperatures under direct solar irradiation. For studying the pressure dependency, the experiments were carried out at locations with different altitudes. For the so-called atmospheric emission constant A an approximate value of 22 Wm-2 bar-1 K-0.5 was found. In the non-steady-state, the total thermal emission power of the soil is given by the difference between its blackbody radiation and the counter-radiation of the atmosphere. This relation explains to a considerable part the fact that on mountains the atmospheric temperature is lower than on lowlands, in spite of the enhanced sunlight intensity. Thereto, the so-called greenhouse gases such as carbon-dioxide do not have any influence.