Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrate...Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.展开更多
目的:检测大肠癌原发灶与淋巴结(lymph node,LN)转移灶中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)p110α、PI3Kp110β与B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2(B c e l l lymphoma 2,Bcl-2)、CyclinD1的表达情况,探讨在大肠癌发生及转移中的...目的:检测大肠癌原发灶与淋巴结(lymph node,LN)转移灶中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)p110α、PI3Kp110β与B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2(B c e l l lymphoma 2,Bcl-2)、CyclinD1的表达情况,探讨在大肠癌发生及转移中的相关性及其与临床病理因素及预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法在30例正常大肠黏膜组织,52例未发生LN转移的大肠癌组织,50例发生LN转移的大肠癌原发灶及其转移灶中检测PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1的表达情况及其差异,分析PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β与Bcl-2和CyclinD1之间的相关性以及与临床病理因素及其预后的关系.结果:(1)PI3Kp110α与Bcl-2在无LN转移组、有LN转移组的原发灶和其相应LN转移灶中的表达均高于正常肠黏膜组(P<0.05);PI3Kp110β与CyclinD1在无LN转移组、有LN转移组的原发灶和其相应LN转移灶中的表达均高于正常肠黏膜组,且在有LN转移的原发灶中的表达均高于其相应LN转移灶和无LN转移组肠癌中的表达(P<0.05);(2)PI3Kp110α与Bcl-2在4组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);PI3Kp110α与CyclinD1在正常肠黏膜组,无LN转移组和有LN转移组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);P I3Kp110β与Bcl-2和CyclinD1在4组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);(3)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β和CyclinD1蛋白的表达与肿瘤分化程度及LN转移相关,Bcl-2的表达与肿瘤分化程度相关;(4)Kaplan-Meier分析显示:PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1为影响大肠癌预后的因素之一;Cox比例风险模型分析显示:PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β是影响大肠癌患者预后的独立因素.结论:(1)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β与Bcl-2、CyclinD1在大肠癌原发灶及转移灶中的表达均高于正常黏膜,在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用;(2)大肠癌LN转移灶中,PI3Kp110α与PI3Kp110β分别通过影响Bcl-2及CyclinD1对转移灶中的肿瘤生长起促进作用;(3)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1与大肠癌的分化程度有关,且PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β和CyclinD1与大肠癌的转移密切相关;(4)PI3Kp110α和PI3Kp110β是影响大肠癌预后的独立危险因素.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900902)Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGJ21C20001)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China(2019C02076 and 2019C02075)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.
基金supported by the Chongqing Science and Technology CommitteeNatural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0065 (to YL)。
文摘Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.
文摘目的:检测大肠癌原发灶与淋巴结(lymph node,LN)转移灶中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)p110α、PI3Kp110β与B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2(B c e l l lymphoma 2,Bcl-2)、CyclinD1的表达情况,探讨在大肠癌发生及转移中的相关性及其与临床病理因素及预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法在30例正常大肠黏膜组织,52例未发生LN转移的大肠癌组织,50例发生LN转移的大肠癌原发灶及其转移灶中检测PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1的表达情况及其差异,分析PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β与Bcl-2和CyclinD1之间的相关性以及与临床病理因素及其预后的关系.结果:(1)PI3Kp110α与Bcl-2在无LN转移组、有LN转移组的原发灶和其相应LN转移灶中的表达均高于正常肠黏膜组(P<0.05);PI3Kp110β与CyclinD1在无LN转移组、有LN转移组的原发灶和其相应LN转移灶中的表达均高于正常肠黏膜组,且在有LN转移的原发灶中的表达均高于其相应LN转移灶和无LN转移组肠癌中的表达(P<0.05);(2)PI3Kp110α与Bcl-2在4组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);PI3Kp110α与CyclinD1在正常肠黏膜组,无LN转移组和有LN转移组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);P I3Kp110β与Bcl-2和CyclinD1在4组中均呈正相关(P<0.05);(3)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β和CyclinD1蛋白的表达与肿瘤分化程度及LN转移相关,Bcl-2的表达与肿瘤分化程度相关;(4)Kaplan-Meier分析显示:PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1为影响大肠癌预后的因素之一;Cox比例风险模型分析显示:PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β是影响大肠癌患者预后的独立因素.结论:(1)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β与Bcl-2、CyclinD1在大肠癌原发灶及转移灶中的表达均高于正常黏膜,在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用;(2)大肠癌LN转移灶中,PI3Kp110α与PI3Kp110β分别通过影响Bcl-2及CyclinD1对转移灶中的肿瘤生长起促进作用;(3)PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β、Bcl-2和CyclinD1与大肠癌的分化程度有关,且PI3Kp110α、PI3Kp110β和CyclinD1与大肠癌的转移密切相关;(4)PI3Kp110α和PI3Kp110β是影响大肠癌预后的独立危险因素.
