Development of Fok-I based nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detection of hepatitis B virus X region V5M mutation

AIM: To develop a Fok-I nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PRA) method for the detection of hepatitis B virus X region(HBx) V5 M mutation.METHODS: Nested PCR was applied into DNAs from 198 chronic patients at 2 different stages [121 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and 77 carrier patients]. To identify V5 M mutants, digestion of nested PCR amplicons by the restriction enzyme Fok-I(GGA TGN9↓) was done. For size comparison, the enzymetreated products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized on a UV transilluminator.RESULTS: The assay enabled the identification of 69 patients(sensitivity of 34.8%; 46 HCC patients and 23 carrier patients). Our data also showed that V5 M prevalence in HCC patients was significantly higher than in carrier patients(47.8%, 22/46 patients vs 0%, 0/23 patients, P < 0.001), suggesting that HBx Ag V5 M mutation may play a pivotal role in HCC generation in chronic patients with genotype C infections.CONCLUSION: The Fok-I nested PRA developed in this study is a reliable and cost-effective method to detect HBx Ag V5 M mutation in chronic patients with genotype C2 infection.

The Effects of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism on Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins Variation

Objective: To study the effects of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism onserum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Methods: Fragments of ApoE gene forthex-on containing codon 112 and 158 polymorphic locus were amplified by PCR, and then digested untilCfo I endonuclease. Genotypes and alleles frequencies of 168 healthy persons in Jiangsu area werecalculated. The effects of ApoE genotypes and alleles on serum lipids, lipoproteins andapolipoproteins variation were analyzed. Results: The effects of ApoE alleles on total cholesterol(TC), law density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB was: along a decreasing gradientε_4>ε_3>ε_2. The effect of ε_4 allele was to increase serum levels of TC, LDL-C and ApoB, andthe ε_2 allele had an effect opposite to that of ε_4 allele. Conclusion: ApoE polymorphism is anindependent genetic factor on individual serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins.

Establishment and Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System for Cymbidium ensifolium (Linn.) Sw

[Objective] This research aimed to search a best method for extracting the genomic DNA of Cymbidium ensifolium and establish the optimized ISSR-PCR reaction system.[Method] Genomic DNA was extracted from C.ensifolium leaves by modified CTAB method.ISSR-PCR reaction system for C.ensifolium was optimized.[Result] High-quality genomic DNA was obtained from C.ensifolium.The 25 μl optimized ISSR-PCR reaction system for C.ensifolium contained 2.5 μl 10× PCR buffer,2.5 mmol/L MgCl2,240 ng template DNA,160 μmol/L dNTPs,1.25 U Taq DNA polymerase,0.4 μmol/L primer and 15.78 μl ddH2O.The optimal PCR procedures were：94 ℃ pre-denaturation for 5 min and then 40 cycles,94 ℃ denaturation for 30 s,50-60 ℃ annealing for 30 s （annealing temperature according to different primers）,72 ℃ extension for 50 s and a 72 ℃ extension for 7 min.[Conclusion] An optimized ISSR-PCR reaction system for C.ensifolium was established,which provides a basis for further study on genetic diversity of C.ensifolium by using ISSR molecular marker technique.

Prevalent false positives of azoospermia factor a （AZFa） microdeletions caused by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs72609647 in the sY84 screening of male infertility

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） has been widely used to detect Y-chromosome micredeletions, which is one of the major causes of male infertility. Both the European Academy of Andrology （EAA） and the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network （EMQN） have recommended the use of sY84 and sY86 markers for the detection of azoospermia factor a （AZFa） microdeletion during DNA testing for male infertility. In this study, a large-scale analysis of AZF microdeletion in a total of 630 Chinese males, including healthy semen donors （n=200）, infertile males with normal sperm count （n=226） and patients with either nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia （n=204）, was performed. A series of nine sequence-tagged site （STS） markers from the AZF region of the Y chromosome was used to detect microdeletions. All primers were designed based on the recommendations of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. An unusually high incidence （73/630, 11.6%） of sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes was observed in the AZFa microdeletion screening. Sequencing the sY84-flanking region revealed a total of 73 patients with sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes have a T-to-G transversion at the fifth base from the 5＇ end of the reverse sY84 primer. These prevalent false positives, which were not only observed in infertile men, but also observed in donors, resulted from a single-nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） named rs72609647 in the targeting sequence of the reverse sY84 primer. Our study suggests that a pre-screening of existence of rs72609647 polymorphism can prevent the frequent false positive results of AZFa microdeletions detection in the infertile Chinese males. Given the SNP rs72609647 was recently found in a deep sequencing of a Chinese individual, the current EAA and EMQN standards may need to be scrutinized among different populations to avoid the potential genetic variations in the primer binding sequences.

Association of TNF-α-238G/A and 308 G/A Gene Polymorphisms with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） may play an important role in host＇s immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism with pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） among patients with coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis （CWP）. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 113 patients with confirmed CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and 113 non-TB controls with CWP. They were matched in gender, age, job, and stage of pneumoconiosis. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for genetic determination with informed consent. The TNF-α gene polymorphism was determined with polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. Frequency of genotypes was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact probability. Factors influencing the association of individual susceptibility with pulmonary TB were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Gene-environment interaction was evaluated by a multiplieative model with combined OR. All data were analyzed using SAS version 8.2 software. Results No significant difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 genotype was found between CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and non-TB controls （2,2=5.44, P=-0.07）. But difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 A allele was identified between them （2,2-5.14, P=0.02）. No significant difference in frequencies of the TNF-α-238 genotype and allele （P=0.23 and P=0.09, respectively） was found between cases and controls either, with combined （GG and AA） OR of 3.96 （95% confidence interval of 1.30-12.09） at the -308 locus of the TNF-α gene, as compared to combination of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GG genotypes. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GA genotypes was 1.98 （95% CI of 1.06-3.71） for risk for pulmonary TB in patients with CWP. There was a synergic interaction between the TNF-a-308 GG genotype and body mass index （OR=4.92）, as well as an interaction between the TNF-α-308 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or history of TB exposure. And, the interaction of the TNF-α-238 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or TB exposure with risk for pulmonary TB in them was also indicated. Conclusions TNF-α-308 A allele is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary TB, whereas TNF-α-238 A allele was otherwise.

Polymorphism of thymidylate synthase gene associated with its protein expression in human colon cancer

AIM： To correlate the polymorphisms in the 5＇-untranslated region with thymidylate synthase （TS） protein expression in Han Chinese colonic neoplasms. METHODS： Adenocarcinoma samples were from 68 patients who received no treatment before surgery. Tandem repeat length of TS gene was determined by PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Intratumoral TS protein expression was studied immunohistochemically in corresponding sections from paraffin-embedded primary loci. Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively evaluated by immunoreactivity score （IRS）. RESULTS： Double-（2R） and triple-repeated （3R） sequences of the TS gene were found in the cancer tissues. Three genotypes of TS were found： 2R/2R （n = 6）, 2R/3R （n = 22） and 3R/3R （n = 40）. Patients who were homozygous for triple-repeated （3R/3R） sequences showed significantly higher IRS of TS than patients who were homozygous for double-repeated （2R/2R） sequences or heterozygous patients （2R/3R）： 5.73 ±3.25 vs 2.17 ± 1.47 or 3.77 ±2.64, P = 0.008 or P = 0.015. But no statistical significance of IRS in cancer tissues was observed between 2R/3R genotype and 2R/2R genotype. CONCLUSION： There is a relationship between TS genotype and TS protein expression in clinical specimens. The data might offer an advantage for selection of Chinese cancer patients to receive fluoropyrimidines treatment.

Polymorphism of flagellin A gene in Helicobacter pylori

AIM:To study the polymorphism of flagellin A genotype and Its significance in Helicobecter pylori(H.pylori). METHODS:As the template,genome DNA was purified from six clinical isolates of H.pylori from outpatients,and the corresponding flagellion A fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction.All these products were sequenced.These sequences were compared with each other,and analyzed by software of FASTA program. RESULTS:Spaciflc PCR products were amplified from all of these H.pylorl isolates and no length divergence was found among them.Compared with each other,the highest ungappad identity is 99.10%,while the lowest is 94.65%. Using FASTA program,the alignments between query and llbary sequences derived from different H.pylori strains were higher than 90%. CONCLUSION:The nucleotide sequence of flagellin A in H. pylori is highly conservative with Incident divergence.This Information may be useful for gene diagnosis and further study on flagellar antigen phenotype.

Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms in patients with hepatitis B virus infection or hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese Han ethnic population

BACKGROUND: Since single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can serve as gene markers, polymorphism profiles may help scientists to identify the full collection of genes that contribute to the development of complex diseases such as cancer. The distribution of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter polymorphisms in Chinese Han ethnic patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated in this study. METHODS: The polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter region were detected by pulymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing. Sixty-six health controls, 42 patients with HBV infection, 30 HCC patients, and cell line SMMC-7721 were examined this way. RESULTS: Polyrnorphisms of T/C or T/N on-872 site occurred frequently in Han ethnic population. Pulyrnorphisms were detected in HBV and HCC patients and cell line SMMC-7721. The hotspot among the pulymorphisms was inserting base A between-1058 and-1057. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter in HBV and HCC patients may be associated with HBV infection and HCC development.

Gene polymorphisms associated with sudden decreases in heart rate during extensive peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Our previous study found that the telomerase-associated protein 1(TEP1,rs938886 and rs1713449)and homo sapiens RecQ like helicase 5(RECQL5,rs820196)single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were associated with changes in heart rate(HR)≥30%during peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy.This study established a single tube method for detecting these three SNPs using two-dimensional(2D)polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and investigated whether SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions increase the risk of high HR variability(HRV).AIM To investigate whether genotypes,genetic patterns,SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions were associated with HRV.METHODS 2D PCR was used to establish a single-tube method to detect TEP1 rs938886 and rs1713449 and RECQL5 rs820196,and the results were compared with those of sanger sequencing.After adjusting for confounders such as age,sex,smoking,hypertension,and thyroid dysfunction,a nonconditional logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between the genotypes and the genetic patterns(codominant,dominant,overdominant,recessive,and additive)of the three SNPs and a risk≥15%or≥30%of a sudden drop in HR during postoperative peritoneal lavage in patients with gastric cancer.Gene-gene and geneenvironment interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction.RESULTS The coincidence rate between the 2D PCR and sequencing was 100%.When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,the patients with the RECQL5(rs820196)TC genotype had a higher risk of high HRV than those who had the TT genotype(odds ratio=1.97;95%CI:1.05-3.70;P=0.045).Under the codominant and overdominant models,the TC genotype of RECQL5(rs820196)was associated with a higher risk of HR decrease relative to the TT and TT+CC genotypes(P=0.031 and 0.016,respectively).When the HRV cutoff value was 30%,patients carrying the GC-TC genotypes of rs938886 and rs820196 showed a higher HRV risk when compared with the GG–TT genotype carriers(P=0.01).In the three-factor model of rs938886,rs820196,and rs1713449,patients carrying the GC-TC-CT genotype had a higher risk of HRV compared with the wild-type GG-TT-CC carriers(P=0.01).For rs820196,nonsmokers with the TC genotype had a higher HRV risk compared with nonsmokers carrying the TT genotype(P=0.04).When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,patients carrying the TT-TT and the TC-CT genotypes of rs820196 and rs1713449 showed a higher HRV risk when compared with TT-CC genotype carriers(P=0.04 and 0.01,respectively).Patients carrying the GC-CT-TC genotypes of rs938886,rs1713449,and rs820196 showed a higher HRV risk compared with GG-CC-TT genotype carriers(P=0.02).When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,the best-fitting models for the interactions between the SNPs and the environment were the rs820196-smoking(P=0.022)and rs820196-hypertension(P=0.043)models.Consistent with the results of the previous grouping,for rs820196,the TC genotype nonsmokers had a higher HRV risk compared with nonsmokers carrying the TT genotype(P=0.01).CONCLUSION The polymorphism of the RECQL5 and TEP1 genes were associated with HRV during peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy.

Fluorescence-based Multiplex PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis of 16S Ribosomal DNA Using Capillary Electrophoresis

The rRNA genetic locus is found in all prokaryotic organisms, and is highly conservative, although its relatively stable variations are found frequently in different bacteria. The utility of this locus as a taxonomic and phylogenetic tool has been reported widely. This study, aimed at 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and with the help of biomolecular methods, attempted to achieve the goal of rapid identification of common pathogens. In this study, 333 clinical isolated pathogenic bacteria were collected. Two pairs of primers were chosen and labeled with different fluorescent dyes and then used to amplify the genomic DNA extracted from bacteria. The PCR products were then detected by capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP). In order to pursue higher resolution and peak-separation effect, a high efficient separating medium, liner polyacrylamidedel (LPA), was put to use in this study. Finally, every bacteria colony generated distinct patterns from each other, which were easily to be used for identification. These results indicated that PCR-CE-SSCP was a rapid identification method for bacterial identification, with the aspects of high efficiency and high precision. Compared with traditional method, this technology is of great utility for clinical use especially for its high sensitivity.

Association of G+1688A Polymorphism of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene with Myocardial Infarction in the Chinese Han Population

In order to investigate the association of G＋1688A （Ser563Asn） polymorphism of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1） gene with myocardial infarction （MI） in the Chinese Han population, the G＋1688A polymorphism in PECAM-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method among 502 subjects, including 218 patients with MI and 284 controls. The results showed that there was significant difference in AA frequencies of genotype G＋1688A polymorphism between case and control groups （39% vs 24%, P〈0.001）. A similar trend was observed on the allele frequencies （A/G： 62% vs 49%, P〈0.001）. Among the subjects with high serum total cholesterol level or high systolic blood pressure level, the variant AA genotype was associated with high risk of MI （adjusted OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.08 -4.41 and adjusted OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.63-3.63）. The single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） at position ＋1688 in the exon 8 of PECAM-1 gene was associated with MI and the allele A might be a risk factor for MI in the Chinese Han population.

Application of PCR-SSCP in detecting rpoB drug resistant gene polymorphism of M. tuberculosis L-form from pneumoconiosis patients with tuberculosis

Objective: To study the relationship between the polymorphism of drug resistant gene rpoB and drug resistance against rifampicin(RFP) of M. tuberculosis L-forms, and to evaluate its clinical application. Methods: A total of 52 clinical isolated strains of M. tuberculosis L-forms were collected. rpoB gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and conventional antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). Their results were compared. Results: AST results showed that 38 of 52 clinical isolated strains were drug resistance (73.08％),while PCR-SSCP indicated 65.38％ (32/52) rpoB gene polymorphism. There was no statistic significance(χ2= 2.4914) between the 2 methods. Conclusion:Combined the application of PCR-SSCP with AST in detecting rpoB drug resistant gene polymorphism of M. tuberculosis L-form from pneumoconiosis patients with tuberculosis may have advantages at earlier diagnosis and guidance of clinical medications.

Analysis on Correlation between Resistin—420C/G Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Macroangiopathy in Han Population of Northeast China

Objective: To study the allelic and genotypic frequency distribution of RETN—420C/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with macroangiopathy in Han population of northeast China. Methods: The genotypes and their frequencies of a total of 180 cases, including 60 cases of T2DM complicated with macroangiopathy, 60 cases of simple T2DM and 60 cases of normal control (ND), were measured by PCR—RFLP. Results: The allelic frequencies and simple CC/GC + GG genotype in T2DM complicated with macroangiopathy group were significant different compared with ND group (P Conclusion: The RETN—420C/G polymorphism has a correlation with the occurrence of T2DM complicated with macroangiopathy in Han population of northeast China.

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene T-786C promoter polymorphism with gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-786 T > C promoter polymorphism in the etiology of gastric cancer(GC). METHODS: A total of 150 GC patients and 150 control subjects were included in the study. The information on demographic features was elicited with an informed consent from all the patients and control subjects using a structured questionnaire. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infectivity status was tested in antral biopsies from all the subjects by rapid urease test following the method of Vaira et al. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples following the salting out method of Lahiri et al. Genotype analysis of the rs2070744 polymorphism was carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. The genotypes were determined based on the appearance of bands on an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide under ultraviolet gel documentation with the help of 100 bp ladder. Odds ratios and corresponding 95%CIs were determined using java stat online software. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of C allele(C vs T; P = 0.000, OR = 5.038) in patient group compared to the control subjects exhibiting a fivefold increased risk for GC. When the T/T and C/C genotypes were compared, there was an enhanced GC risk for individuals with C/C genotype(T/T vs C/C; P = 0.000). Among the demographic factors, smoking and alcoholism were the common risk factors in patients compared to the control subjects(P < 0.05). Patients with smoking and alcoholism developed cancer even in heterozygous T/C condition(smoking: P = 0.020 and alcoholism: P = 0.005). Individuals with H. pylori infection showed seven fold increased risk for cancer. All the patients with C/C genotype revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and GC. Among the patients 2.4% of them revealed familial incidence of GC. No significant difference was noticed between cases and controls with regard to consanguinity(P = 0.473).CONCLUSION: The Present data suggest that eN OS-786 C/C genotype and C allele may be considered as potential risk factors in patients with GC.

Genetic Polymorphisms of HBS1L-MYB (rs4895441 and rs9376090) in Egyptian Patients with Hemoglobinopathy

Objective: Study the HBS1L-MYB (rs4895441 and rs9376090) genetic polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with β-thalassemia major and sickle cell disease and its relation to Hb F and severity of the disease. Background: Hb F is a predominant modulator for the severity of β-thalassemia major & sickle cell disease. Genetic polymorphism in the intergenic region (HBS1L-MYB) between GTP-binding elongation factor HBS1L and myeloblastosis oncogene MYB on chromosome 6q is associated with high fetal hemoglobin levels. Subjects and Methods: 150 subjects were included in this study. For all studied groups: Complete blood picture and serum ferritin were evaluated. For patients, hemoglobin variants were separated by High-performance liquid chromatography. Genotyping of HBS1L-MYB (rs4895441 & rs9376090) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique using TaqMan probe. Results: AG, CT genotypes, and G, C alleles of HBS1L-MYB (rs4895441 & rs9376090) were significantly high in sickle cell patients [OR (3.400);95% C.I (1.482 - 7.799)], (p = 0.003) & [OR (4.522);95% C.I (1.854 - 11.029)], (p = 0.001) respectively. Also, a significant association was detected between polymorphisms and disease severity. However, in β-thalassemia major, no significant association was detected. Conclusion: In sickle cell disease patients, Genetic polymorphisms in HBS1L-MYB (rs9376090 & rs4895441) affect the level of Hb F which could improve the prognosis of these patients.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 single nucleotide polymorphism Gly388Arg in head and neck carcinomas

BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is considered to be a progressive disease resulting from alterations in multiple genes regulating cell proliferation and differentiation like receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs) and members of the fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFR)-family. Singlenucleotide polymorphism(SNP) Arg388 of the FGFR4 is associated with a reduced overall survival in patients with cancers of various types. We speculate that FGFR4 expression and SNP is associated with worse survival in patients with HSNCC.AIM To investigate the potential clinical significance of FGFR4 Arg388 in the context of tumors arising in HNSCC, a comprehensive analysis of FGFR4 receptor expression and genotype in tumor tissues and correlated results with patients' clinical data in a large cohort of patients with HNSCC was conducted.METHODS Surgical specimens from 284 patients with HNSCC were retrieved from the Institute of Pathology at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University in Germany.Specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The expression of FGFR4 was analyzed in 284 surgical specimens of HNSCC using immunohistochemstry. FGFR4 polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP.Patients' clinical data with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were statistically evaluated with a special emphasis on survival analysis employing Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression analysis.RESULTS Concerning the invasive tumor areas the intensity of the FGFR4 expression was evaluated in a four-grade system: no expression, low expression, intermediate and high expression. FGFR4 expression was scored as "high"(+++) in 74(26%),"intermediate"(++) in 103(36.3%), and "low"(+) in 107(36.7%) cases. Analyzing the FGFR4 mutation it was found in 96 tumors(33.8%), 84 of them(29.6%) having a heterozygous and 12(4.2%) homozygous mutated Arg388 allele. The overall frequency concerning the mutant alleles demonstrated 65% vs 34% mutated alleles in general. FGFR4 Arg388 was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage(P < 0.004), local metastasis(P < 0.0001) and reduced disease-free survival(P < 0.01). Furthermore, increased expression of FGFR4 correlated significantly with worse overall survival(P < 0.003).CONCLUSION In conclusion, the FGFR4 Arg388 genotype and protein expression of FGFR4 impacts tumor progression in patients with HNSCC and may present a useful target within a multimodal therapeutic intervention.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARAOXONASE GENE POLYMORPHISM AND CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE IN NIDDM

Objective To ascertain the relationship between paraoxonase gene (PON) and the morbidity of coronary arterial disease (CAD) in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Methods The exons of PON gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel elec-trophoresis in 49 NIDDM patients complicated with CAD, 49 NIDDM and 101 healthy control cases of Chinese population. Results Gln-Arg191 polymorphism of the PON gene was detected in Chinese with the AIR allele frequency 0.39 and 0. 61 respectively. The genotype distribution (AA, AR and RB) of the PON gene polymor-phism was significantly different between NIDDM patients complicated with CAD and controls (NIDDM and healthy subjects). The former had a significantly higher B allele frequency (0. 79 vs 0. 62 and 0. 61, P < 0. 01). Conclusion Gln-Arg191 polymorphism of the PON gene is associated with CAD morbidity in Chinese NJDDM patients and B allele might be a risk factor.

红楠ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

为建立稳定的红楠ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,在探索红楠基因组DNA提取的基础上,利用单因子试验和正交试验设计对反应体系进行优化。首先采用单因子试验对Mg2+、引物、模板DNA、dNTPs的不同浓度水平进行优化,找出ISSR-PCR反应各因素的最佳浓度;同时为进一步增加结果的可靠性,采用正交试验设计方法[L9(34)]对Mg2+、引物、模板DNA、dNTPs 4个因素3个浓度水平进行优化和筛选。综合两种试验方法结果,最终获得了红楠ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系:反应体系为20μL,Taq酶0.05 U.μL-1,Mg2+2.0 mmol·L-1,模板DNA 1 ng·L-1,dNTPs 0.3 mmol·L-1,引物(835)0.5μmol·L-1,1×PCR缓冲液。建立重复性好、稳定性优良的ISSR-PCR反应体系,为下一步红楠群体遗传结构和遗传变异研究提供了技术支持。

Optimization of ISSR-PCR System and Conditions for Portulaca oleracea L.

With Portulaca oleracea L. as an experimental material, its total DNA was extracted by the improved CTAB method, the ISSR-PCR primers were screened, and the ISSR-PCR reaction system and reaction conditions for P. oleracea were Optimized. The results showed that there were 8 primers suitable for ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea. The optimal reaction system had a volume of 25 μl, including 2 x Taq Platinum PCR Master Mix 12.5 μl, primer 2 μl, ddH20 9.5 μl, and DNA template 1μl. The optimized ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea was started with pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 360 s, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 60 s, annealing at 54 ℃ for 60 s and extension at 72 ℃ for 90 s, and completed by extension at 72 ℃ for 300 s.

CYP3A4基因位点多态性对托法替布治疗类风湿关节炎临床疗效及药品不良反应的影响

目的探讨CYP3A4*4,CYP3A4*18,CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性对托法替布治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)临床疗效及药品不良反应(ADR)的影响。方法选取医院风湿免疫科2020年2月至2022年8月收治的RA患者309例作为RA组,予枸橼酸托法替布片,每日2次,每次5 mg,共治疗6个月;选取同期的健康人群165例作为对照组。采用荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测CYP3A4*4,CYP3A4*18,CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性;根据美国风湿病学学会(ACR)制订的ACR20标准评价托法替布的临床疗效,以是否符合ACR20标准,将RA患者分为改善组(181例)和未改善组(128例);统计治疗期间RA患者与托法替布相关的ADR,采用Karch和Lasagna评定法判定因果关系,以因果关系是否判定为肯定、很可能和可能,将RA患者分为ADR组(58例)和无ADR组(251例)。结果RA组和对照组患者的CYP3A4*4,CYP3A4*18,CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。改善组和未改善组患者的疾病活动度差异显著(P<0.05),CYP3A4*4,CYP3A4*18,CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。ADR累及系统为实验室检验异常、皮肤系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、血液系统,分别发生27例、11例、7例、5例、3例;ADR严重程度为轻度51例,中度7例。ADR组和无ADR组患者的CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性差异显著(P<0.05),CYP3A4*4和CYP3A4*18基因位点多态性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性与托法替布治疗RA的ADR有相关性。使用托法替布时,应监测患者的CYP3A4*1G基因位点多态性,必要时调整剂量,保证用药安全。