Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of...Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.展开更多
We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first e...We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.展开更多
William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,...William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,Lady Gregory,and Georgie Hyde-Lees.Even in Yeats’s poetry involved with symbolism,it is worth noting that his employment of symbols has used these women as the archetypes,and that the historical context rendered Yeats’s representations of them in his poetry all the more interesting.展开更多
A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban de...A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban designer,she is held in high esteem in the academic and planning communities in the U.K.and is a fellow of the U.K.Academy of Social Sciences and former president of the Royal Town Planning Institute(RTPI)based in London.She is also chief executive and co-founder of the Digital Task Force for Planning(DTFP),a non-profit social enterprise,and founding director of London-based planning and urban design firm Wei Yang&Partners.展开更多
Although the standard model provides a suitable pattern based on observable experimental data, it cannot explain dark matter, gravitation, the structural nature of the fundamental particles, and charges. In this paper...Although the standard model provides a suitable pattern based on observable experimental data, it cannot explain dark matter, gravitation, the structural nature of the fundamental particles, and charges. In this paper, a new theory about the nature of charges, particles and proposed structures for atoms were presented. This theory explains how an ideal quantum fluid (IQF) including hypothetical dark matter or fundamental elementary particles (FEPs) can produce the building blocks of matter. This theory describes quadruple blocks with two types of independent charges that can create different characteristics for these building blocks. Quadruple blocks have similarities and differences with the fundamental particles in standard model. This theory also explains the possible mechanism of creation the next generation of particles such as protons and neutrons.展开更多
In a factorial ring, we can define the p.g.c.d. of two elements (defined to the nearest unit) and the notion of prime elements between them. More generally, Bezout’s identity characterizes two prime elements in a mai...In a factorial ring, we can define the p.g.c.d. of two elements (defined to the nearest unit) and the notion of prime elements between them. More generally, Bezout’s identity characterizes two prime elements in a main ring. A ring that satisfies the property of the theorem is called a Bezout ring. We have given some geometry theorems that can be proved algebraically, although the methods of geometry and, in particular, of projective geometry are by far the most beautiful. Most geometric problems actually involve polynomial equations and can be translated into the language of polynomial ideals. We have given a few examples of a different nature without pretending to make a general theory.展开更多
Our study identifies a subtle deviation from Newton’s third law in the derivation of the ideal rocket equation, also known as the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (TRE). TRE can be derived using a 1D elastic collision mod...Our study identifies a subtle deviation from Newton’s third law in the derivation of the ideal rocket equation, also known as the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (TRE). TRE can be derived using a 1D elastic collision model of the momentum exchange between the differential propellant mass element (dm) and the rocket final mass (m1), in which dm initially travels forward to collide with m1 and rebounds to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a velocity that is known as the effective exhaust velocity ve. We observe that such a model does not explain how dm was able to acquire its initial forward velocity without the support of a reactive mass traveling in the opposite direction. We show instead that the initial kinetic energy of dm is generated from dm itself by a process of self-combustion and expansion. In our ideal rocket with a single particle dm confined inside a hollow tube with one closed end, we show that the process of self-combustion and expansion of dm will result in a pair of differential particles each with a mass dm/2, and each traveling away from one another along the tube axis, from the center of combustion. These two identical particles represent the active and reactive sub-components of dm, co-generated in compliance with Newton’s third law of equal action and reaction. Building on this model, we derive a linear momentum ODE of the system, the solution of which yields what we call the Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (RTRE). We show that RTRE has a mathematical form that is similar to TRE, with the exception of the effective exhaust velocity (ve) term. The ve term in TRE is replaced in RTRE by the average of two distinct exhaust velocities that we refer to as fast-jet, vx<sub>1</sub>, and slow-jet, vx<sub>2</sub>. These two velocities correspond, respectively, to the velocities of the detonation pressure wave that is vectored directly towards the exhaust nozzle, and the retonation wave that is initially vectored in the direction of rocket propagation, but subsequently becomes reflected from the thrust surface of the combustion chamber to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a time lag behind the detonation wave. The detonation-retonation phenomenon is supported by experimental evidence in the published literature. Finally, we use a convolution model to simulate the composite exhaust pressure wave, highlighting the frequency spectrum of the pressure perturbations that are generated by the mutual interference between the fast-jet and slow-jet components. Our analysis offers insights into the origin of combustion oscillations in rocket engines, with possible extensions beyond rocket engineering into other fields of combustion engineering.展开更多
This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material world.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary o...This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material world.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the universe.The work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.展开更多
The Moral and Law course serves as a critical platform for educating university students about ideals and beliefs,and it has a significant impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education.This paper establi...The Moral and Law course serves as a critical platform for educating university students about ideals and beliefs,and it has a significant impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education.This paper establishes a mechanism through which Moral and Law course teaching influences the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education and conducts an empirical evaluation.The results reveal that factors such as the relevance and applicability of the teaching content,the integration of theory and practice,the innovation,interactivity,and participation of teaching methods,as well as classroom atmosphere,teaching facilities,and campus culture,all have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education for university students.展开更多
In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal...In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41730960)Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents (2024r037)Yuqing WANG was supported by the NSF (Grant No. AGS-1834300)。
文摘Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.
文摘We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.
文摘William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,Lady Gregory,and Georgie Hyde-Lees.Even in Yeats’s poetry involved with symbolism,it is worth noting that his employment of symbols has used these women as the archetypes,and that the historical context rendered Yeats’s representations of them in his poetry all the more interesting.
文摘A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban designer,she is held in high esteem in the academic and planning communities in the U.K.and is a fellow of the U.K.Academy of Social Sciences and former president of the Royal Town Planning Institute(RTPI)based in London.She is also chief executive and co-founder of the Digital Task Force for Planning(DTFP),a non-profit social enterprise,and founding director of London-based planning and urban design firm Wei Yang&Partners.
文摘Although the standard model provides a suitable pattern based on observable experimental data, it cannot explain dark matter, gravitation, the structural nature of the fundamental particles, and charges. In this paper, a new theory about the nature of charges, particles and proposed structures for atoms were presented. This theory explains how an ideal quantum fluid (IQF) including hypothetical dark matter or fundamental elementary particles (FEPs) can produce the building blocks of matter. This theory describes quadruple blocks with two types of independent charges that can create different characteristics for these building blocks. Quadruple blocks have similarities and differences with the fundamental particles in standard model. This theory also explains the possible mechanism of creation the next generation of particles such as protons and neutrons.
文摘In a factorial ring, we can define the p.g.c.d. of two elements (defined to the nearest unit) and the notion of prime elements between them. More generally, Bezout’s identity characterizes two prime elements in a main ring. A ring that satisfies the property of the theorem is called a Bezout ring. We have given some geometry theorems that can be proved algebraically, although the methods of geometry and, in particular, of projective geometry are by far the most beautiful. Most geometric problems actually involve polynomial equations and can be translated into the language of polynomial ideals. We have given a few examples of a different nature without pretending to make a general theory.
文摘Our study identifies a subtle deviation from Newton’s third law in the derivation of the ideal rocket equation, also known as the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (TRE). TRE can be derived using a 1D elastic collision model of the momentum exchange between the differential propellant mass element (dm) and the rocket final mass (m1), in which dm initially travels forward to collide with m1 and rebounds to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a velocity that is known as the effective exhaust velocity ve. We observe that such a model does not explain how dm was able to acquire its initial forward velocity without the support of a reactive mass traveling in the opposite direction. We show instead that the initial kinetic energy of dm is generated from dm itself by a process of self-combustion and expansion. In our ideal rocket with a single particle dm confined inside a hollow tube with one closed end, we show that the process of self-combustion and expansion of dm will result in a pair of differential particles each with a mass dm/2, and each traveling away from one another along the tube axis, from the center of combustion. These two identical particles represent the active and reactive sub-components of dm, co-generated in compliance with Newton’s third law of equal action and reaction. Building on this model, we derive a linear momentum ODE of the system, the solution of which yields what we call the Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (RTRE). We show that RTRE has a mathematical form that is similar to TRE, with the exception of the effective exhaust velocity (ve) term. The ve term in TRE is replaced in RTRE by the average of two distinct exhaust velocities that we refer to as fast-jet, vx<sub>1</sub>, and slow-jet, vx<sub>2</sub>. These two velocities correspond, respectively, to the velocities of the detonation pressure wave that is vectored directly towards the exhaust nozzle, and the retonation wave that is initially vectored in the direction of rocket propagation, but subsequently becomes reflected from the thrust surface of the combustion chamber to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a time lag behind the detonation wave. The detonation-retonation phenomenon is supported by experimental evidence in the published literature. Finally, we use a convolution model to simulate the composite exhaust pressure wave, highlighting the frequency spectrum of the pressure perturbations that are generated by the mutual interference between the fast-jet and slow-jet components. Our analysis offers insights into the origin of combustion oscillations in rocket engines, with possible extensions beyond rocket engineering into other fields of combustion engineering.
文摘This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material world.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the universe.The work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.
文摘The Moral and Law course serves as a critical platform for educating university students about ideals and beliefs,and it has a significant impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education.This paper establishes a mechanism through which Moral and Law course teaching influences the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education and conducts an empirical evaluation.The results reveal that factors such as the relevance and applicability of the teaching content,the integration of theory and practice,the innovation,interactivity,and participation of teaching methods,as well as classroom atmosphere,teaching facilities,and campus culture,all have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education for university students.
文摘In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.
