目的用血缘一致性(identity by descent,IBD)型式计算乱伦案件的似然比。方法先用相同的数字表示家系成员中IBD的等位基因以组成IBD型式,然后用先验概率乘以非IBD等位基因频率得出各个IBD型式概率。将家系的所有IBD型式概率相加即可得...目的用血缘一致性(identity by descent,IBD)型式计算乱伦案件的似然比。方法先用相同的数字表示家系成员中IBD的等位基因以组成IBD型式,然后用先验概率乘以非IBD等位基因频率得出各个IBD型式概率。将家系的所有IBD型式概率相加即可得到乱伦案不同假设下的家系概率,比较不同家系概率计算似然比。结果获得了父女乱伦和全同胞乱伦案的IBD型式及这两种案例的似然比计算公式。结论阐明了基于IBD型式计算乱伦案似然比的方法。展开更多
Many Ethiopian immigrants to Israel had their names changed to traditional Jewish names when arriving in Israel as children,as part of the melting pot conception.The purpose of the current study was to examine the per...Many Ethiopian immigrants to Israel had their names changed to traditional Jewish names when arriving in Israel as children,as part of the melting pot conception.The purpose of the current study was to examine the perception of Jewish-Israeli identity among Jews of Ethiopian descent with the reverse name change they performed in adulthood.For this study,144 respondents were sampled,of whom 120 had had their name changed when immigrating to Israel.Of those whose name was changed,100 later changed their name back to the original name given by their parents.The study utilized an attitude questionnaire that sought to explore three research hypotheses.The first hypothesis was that the Jewish Israeli identity of those whose name had not been changed was stronger than that of those whose name was changed.With regard to this hypothesis,significant differences were found in the Jewish identity of those whose name had been changed and those who had not,such that those whose name had been changed portrayed a weaker sense of Israeli identity than those who had not.The second hypothesis was that those who changed their name back had a stronger Jewish Israeli identity than those who did not.The findings indicate that those who changed their name back show a weaker Jewish Israeli identity than those who decided not to revert to their original name.The third hypothesis was that various personal variables have an effect on the perception of Jewish identity,in addition to the name change.The control variables were not found to be significant,i.e.,sex and age had no significant influence on Jewish Israeli identity.These findings reinforce the findings concerning the previous hypotheses and indicate that Jewish Israeli identity is considerably connected to the name change.The main research finding is that the name change has an effect on the Jewish Israeli identity of Jews of Ethiopian descent,and this is a double effect.The outcomes of the name change cause these people to feel that they were forced to erase their culture,their original identity,and their original conceptions and norms.For members of the Ethiopian community in Israel,the name change is a symbol of cultural obliteration,a symbol of the attempt to create a melting pot within Jewish society.The reverse name change generates an improvement in their Israeli identity,and appears to be a way for members of the community to portray themselves and their identity within Israeli society.展开更多
文摘目的用血缘一致性(identity by descent,IBD)型式计算乱伦案件的似然比。方法先用相同的数字表示家系成员中IBD的等位基因以组成IBD型式,然后用先验概率乘以非IBD等位基因频率得出各个IBD型式概率。将家系的所有IBD型式概率相加即可得到乱伦案不同假设下的家系概率,比较不同家系概率计算似然比。结果获得了父女乱伦和全同胞乱伦案的IBD型式及这两种案例的似然比计算公式。结论阐明了基于IBD型式计算乱伦案似然比的方法。
文摘Many Ethiopian immigrants to Israel had their names changed to traditional Jewish names when arriving in Israel as children,as part of the melting pot conception.The purpose of the current study was to examine the perception of Jewish-Israeli identity among Jews of Ethiopian descent with the reverse name change they performed in adulthood.For this study,144 respondents were sampled,of whom 120 had had their name changed when immigrating to Israel.Of those whose name was changed,100 later changed their name back to the original name given by their parents.The study utilized an attitude questionnaire that sought to explore three research hypotheses.The first hypothesis was that the Jewish Israeli identity of those whose name had not been changed was stronger than that of those whose name was changed.With regard to this hypothesis,significant differences were found in the Jewish identity of those whose name had been changed and those who had not,such that those whose name had been changed portrayed a weaker sense of Israeli identity than those who had not.The second hypothesis was that those who changed their name back had a stronger Jewish Israeli identity than those who did not.The findings indicate that those who changed their name back show a weaker Jewish Israeli identity than those who decided not to revert to their original name.The third hypothesis was that various personal variables have an effect on the perception of Jewish identity,in addition to the name change.The control variables were not found to be significant,i.e.,sex and age had no significant influence on Jewish Israeli identity.These findings reinforce the findings concerning the previous hypotheses and indicate that Jewish Israeli identity is considerably connected to the name change.The main research finding is that the name change has an effect on the Jewish Israeli identity of Jews of Ethiopian descent,and this is a double effect.The outcomes of the name change cause these people to feel that they were forced to erase their culture,their original identity,and their original conceptions and norms.For members of the Ethiopian community in Israel,the name change is a symbol of cultural obliteration,a symbol of the attempt to create a melting pot within Jewish society.The reverse name change generates an improvement in their Israeli identity,and appears to be a way for members of the community to portray themselves and their identity within Israeli society.
文摘系谱是动物育种的重要信息来源,本研究旨在探究高密度SNP标记重构系谱在生产群体中的效果,填补使用高密度SNP信息重构多品种、大规模真实生产猪群的空白。本研究利用Illumina GeneSeek GGP Porcine 50K芯片对四川某猪场2017—2021年出生的1471头曾祖代纯种杜洛克猪(n=986)和长白猪(n=485)进行分型,通过共祖片段法(common ancestor fragment method)分析上述两个品种群体内基因组亲缘关系,由此分别重构两品种群体系谱。同时选取有个体芯片分型信息及系谱记录的115头种猪,通过严格控制生产操作流程保证其系谱记录准确无误,用以评价准确性。结果表明,基于共祖片段法利用基因组信息可以同时推断多代次、品种混合的真实生产群体内个体对间的共祖片段分布情况及比例,且较状态相同片段(identical by state,IBS)能更准确的区分个体间亲缘关系,借此判断个体间亲缘关系并进一步推断家系结构。同时该方法在115头种猪的验证群体中共推断出702对亲缘关系,包括系谱记录的全部亲子关系对(n=184)、全同胞对(n=175)、半同胞关系对(n=109)和祖孙关系对(n=18),同时较记录系谱能额外推断出个体间未记录的三级亲缘关系(n=8)和四级亲缘关系(n=18)。其重构的系谱较常见三代系谱能更清晰地体现家系内个体间亲缘关系。本研究所用基于血缘同源(identity by descent,IBD)片段法(即共祖片段法)分析高密度SNP标记重构多品种群体系谱的方法可快速、简便的判断多品种混合群体的系谱正确性,可对丢失系谱的个体重构系谱,为选种选配、计算育种值及GWAS挖掘等育种工作提供基础。
