Domestic Violence and Alcohol and Illegal Drugs Consumption in Mexican Youth

The objective of this research was to analyze the differences between domestic violence and different levels of alcohol and illegal drug use in young people. A nonrandom sample of 509 young people were selected, with an age range of 12-25 years （M = 15.46）, 44.2% men and 55.8% women. A scale that assessed domestic violence, composed by 4 areas and 16 tested reagents was used： verbal aggression, physical aggression, humiliation and respect （ct = 0.72）; substance use was assessed using 13 indicators on frequency and quantity. The results showed that 40.7% of participants had consumed alcohol at some time in their life and 19.4% illegal drugs. An indicator of substance use was designed, combining presence-absence of consumption and in the case of illegal drugs, considering the number of drugs, which resulted in five categories that ranged from not consumption, consume of alcohol only and illegal drugs. The analysis of the differences between domestic violence by consumption category, showed significant differences, where young people who not consumed alcohol or illegal drugs, were those who scored lower on domestic violence compared to those who reported using any substance.

Establishment of the thin-layer chromatography-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics method for simultaneous identification of eleven illegal drugs in anti-rheumatic health food

The risk of the illegal addition of anti-inflammatory and analgesic chemical drugs in anti-rheumatic health foods should not be ignored.Market supervision and rapid on-site detection technology need to be strengthened.Thin-layer chromatography-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TLC-SERS),which has the advantages of simple operation,fast separation,and qualitative and quantitative detection,was used in this study.And these eleven chemical drugs(acetaminophen,acetylsalicylic acid,aminophenazone,dexamethasone,diclofenac sodium,hydrocortisone,indometacin,naproxen,phenylbutazone,piroxicam,prednisone 21-acetate)that may be added to anti-rheumatic health foods have been simultaneously identified by TLC-SERS combined with chemometrics method.The characteristic signals of the separated drug spots were collected by SERS,which were optimized by the gold colloidal nanoparticles’volume and integration time.Then SERS was subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)to reduce dimensionality and combined with the pattern recognition methods in chemometrics,such as PCA-Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),PCA-K Nearest Neighbor and PCA-Support Vector Machine,and eleven drug components were judged and identified.Moreover,the predictive performances of different models were also analyzed and compared.The results showed that the TLC plate and four organic solvents of petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and acetic acid were selected as the developing agent.The dropping amount of gold colloidal nanoparticles and the integration time were set and optimized.The limit of detection of the simultaneous detection method of SERS was 10-100 mg/L.Furthermore,SERS was preprocessed by Gap-Segment 2nd Derivative,and then the PCA-LDA model was established,and the model’s prediction accuracy can reach 100%.The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate,and has low experimental instruments and equipment requirements.It is suitable for the on-site simultaneous detection of various anti-inflammatory and analgesic chemical drugs in health foods.It can also provide guarantee and support for the establishment of appropriate rapid detection methods and the development of supervision technology.

Rapid and simple analysis of amphetamine-type illegal drugs using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with parallel factor analysis

Nowadays,the abuse of illegal drugs has been an increasingly grim problem in the world.Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis was used to make a quantitative analysis of the simulated amphetamine-type illegal drugs.Satisfactory results were achieved for simultaneous determination of methamphetamine(MAM)and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)in the presence of adulterants.The average recoveries were(99.8±0.6)%and(101.6±5.7)%for MAM and MDMA,respectively.Figures of merit including root-mean-square error of calibration and prediction,sensitivity and selectivity were investigated to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The limits of detection were 0.054 and 0.0021 g/mL for MAM and MDMA,respectively.