General three-dimensional thermal illusion metamaterials

Thermal illusion aims to create fake thermal signals or hide the thermal target from the background thermal field to mislead infrared observers,and illusion thermotics was proposed to regulate heat flux with artificially structured metamaterials for thermal illusion.Most theoretical and experimental works on illusion thermotics focus on two-dimensional materials,while heat transfer in real three-dimensional(3D)objects remains elusive,so the general 3D illusion thermotics is urgently demanded.In this study,we propose a general method to design 3D thermal illusion metamaterials with varying illusions at different sizes and positions.To validate the generality of the 3D method for thermal illusion metamaterials,we realize thermal functionalities of thermal shifting,splitting,trapping,amplifying and compressing.In addition,we propose a special way to simplify the design method under the condition that the size of illusion target is equal to the size of original heat source.The 3D thermal illusion metamaterial paves a general way for illusion thermotics and triggers the exploration of illusion metamaterials for more functionalities and applications.

Hand Cooling Enhances the Proprioceptive Drift during Rubber Hand Illusion

Background: The neural representation of the body is easily altered by integrating multiple sensory signals in the brain. The “Rubber Hand Illusion” (RHI) is one of the most popular experimental paradigms to investigate this phenomenon. During this illusion, ownership of a rubber hand is temporarily induced. It was shown that external and continuous cooling of the palm enhanced the RHI, suggesting an association between altered the autonomic nervous system regulation and altered the sense of ownership of a specific limb. Purpose: To investigate whether artificially cooling the entire hand for a short period affects the magnitude of the illusion. Methods: Participants immersed their entire hand in cool, cold, or warm water for 1 min before the RHI procedure. Results: We found that cooling the entire hand enhanced the proprioceptive drift during the RHI but not the subjective feeling of ownership. In contrast, warming and intense cooling of the entire hand did not affect the RHI strength. Conclusion: Our results suggest that transient and moderate cooling of the entire hand was sufficient in enhancing the illusory disembodiment of one’s own hand.

Reconfigurable source illusion device for airborne sound using an enclosed adjustable piezoelectric metasurface

Source illusion is an important issue in acoustic fields that has significant applications in various practical scenarios.Recent progress in acoustic metasurfaces has broken the limitation of manipulating large-scale waves at subwavelength scales and enables a better illusion capability,while there is still a problem that most previous studies are hampered by a lack of tuning capability.Here we propose a reconfigurable source illusion device capable of providing azimuthallydependent phase delay in real-time via changing the static voltage distribution.The resulting device is implemented by employing an adjustable piezoelectric metasurface with a subwavelength thickness that can achieve a full 2π-phase shift while maintaining efficient transmittance.The effectiveness of our mechanism is demonstrated via two distinctive source illusion phenomena of shifting and transforming a simple point source without changing the device geometry.We anticipate that our methodology,which does not require a large device size or a complicated phased array,will open up new avenues for the miniaturization and integration of source illusion devices and may promote their on-chip applications in a variety of fields,such as acoustic camouflage and manipulation precision.

Push-Based Content Dissemination and Machine Learning-Oriented Illusion Attack Detection in Vehicular Named Data Networking

Recent advancements in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET)have tremendously addressed road-related challenges.Specifically,Named Data Networking(NDN)in VANET has emerged as a vital technology due to its outstanding features.However,the NDN communication framework fails to address two important issues.The current NDN employs a pull-based content retrieval network,which is inefficient in disseminating crucial content in Vehicular Named Data Networking(VNDN).Additionally,VNDN is vulnerable to illusion attackers due to the administrative-less network of autonomous vehicles.Although various solutions have been proposed for detecting vehicles’behavior,they inadequately addressed the challenges specific to VNDN.To deal with these two issues,we propose a novel push-based crucial content dissemination scheme that extends the scope of VNDN from pullbased content retrieval to a push-based content forwarding mechanism.In addition,we exploitMachine Learning(ML)techniques within VNDN to detect the behavior of vehicles and classify them as attackers or legitimate.We trained and tested our system on the publicly accessible dataset Vehicular Reference Misbehavior(VeReMi).We employed fiveML classification algorithms and constructed the bestmodel for illusion attack detection.Our results indicate that RandomForest(RF)achieved excellent accuracy in detecting all illusion attack types in VeReMi,with an accuracy rate of 100%for type 1 and type 2,96%for type 4 and type 16,and 95%for type 8.Thus,RF can effectively evaluate the behavior of vehicles and identify attacker vehicles with high accuracy.The ultimate goal of our research is to improve content exchange and secureVNDNfromattackers.Thus,ourML-based attack detection and preventionmechanismensures trustworthy content dissemination and prevents attacker vehicles from sharing misleading information in VNDN.

From Illusion to Disillusionment——An Analysis of the Character Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman

This is an analysis of the character Willy Loman in Arthur Miller’play Death of a Salesman,who is a salesman living in his own"American Dream".His dream is shattered and finally destroyed by reality,so he chooses to die in the hope that he may retain his dignity and practically render some help to his family with the assurance.

Effect of practice versus information on the visual illusion

Objective The Müller-Lycr illusion is a visual illusion in which a horizontal shaft with an inward-pointing chevron （fins-out） affixed to each end is perceived longer than a shaft with outward-pointing chevrons （fins-in）. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of experience and knowledge about the Müller-Lyer illusion on participants＇ perceptual precision. Method Participants were undergraduate students （n = 108） who were not familiar with the Müller-Lyer illusion prior to the experiment. The task of participants was to adjust one movable line to make it equal to the other in Müller-Lyer figure. They received ascending and descending Müller-Lyer trials in three blocks with 20 trials each. The Experimental Group received information about the Müller-Lyer illusion prior to the third block. Results For the Experimental Group, the amount of departure in Block 3 was reduced significantly compared with previous blocks. Conclusion Knowledge about the mechanisms underlying visual illusions may play an important role in helping individuals overcome them.

Three-dimensional thermal illusion devices with arbitrary shape

Since the concept of invisible cloak was proposed by Pendry and Leonhardt in 2006, many researchers have applied the theory of coordinate transformation to thermodynamics and overcome the complexity of inhomogeneous and anisotropic of material parameters. However, only two-dimensional(2 D) thermal illusion devices are researched recently. According to this situation, our study focuses on three-dimensional(3 D) thermal illusion devices including shrinker(or invisible cloak),concentrator, amplifier, reshaper, and rotator with arbitrary shape in a general way. In this paper, the corresponding material parameters of thermal illusion devices mentioned above are derived based on the theory of transformation thermodynamics and the simulated results agree well with the theoretical derivations. In addition, the conventional invisible cloak just controls the temperature gradient rather than the temperature value which is more concerned in physical applications. Here,we find that the temperature value of the cloaked object can be controlled by adjusting the location of the original point of the coordinate system.

亚洲最大超级游艇ILLUSION PLUS离港启航

8月12日,由中集来福士海洋工程有限公司旗下品牌普莱德游艇设计建造的超级游艇ILLUSION PLUS（＂幻想＂号）开启首航之旅,经深圳前往摩纳哥参加国际游艇展。ILLUSION PLUS是目前亚洲最大的超级游艇,其设计、品质、性能、内装等均满足全球最苛刻的欧洲标准。

Two-dimensional thermal illusion device with arbitrary shape based on complementary media

On the basis of transformation thermodynamics and compensation medium theory, we develop a method to design a two-dimensional thermal illusion device with arbitrary shape, and the general expression of thermal conductivity in the each region is obtained. Simulation results show that when an object is covered with the thermal illusion device, it will accurately perform the same temperature distribution signature as another object we have predetermined. Owing to the property of deceiving and interfering with the observer, the thermal illusion device can achieve generalized thermal stealth by using thermal metamaterials, which may have a potential application in military field.

Illusion and Imagination in Cinema According to Bazin

Bazin favored every means to increase the ＂reality coefficient＂ in cinema. He specially prized cinema showing events integrally, what means, on the one hand, to show simultaneously and fully all the characters and all the objects pertaining to an event, and on the other to show the event integrally as it develops in time. Additionally Bazin showed that such a procedure reduces the purely literary component in cinema, and, correspondingly, increases its illusory force--as to the fictional reality presented. Yet, Bazin＇s work is not systematic, giving us brilliant insights scattered through many essays. Following Bazin＇s main idea, this presentation attempts to systematically discuss the illusory potential of the shot presenting an event integrally as compared with the imaginary, that is, literary character introduced in cinema by suggesting an event by means of montage and fragmentary shots. We proceed by means of a detailed consideration of the belief-structure of the aesthetic experience corresponding to the single shot integrally showing an event and to montage suggesting an event by means of fragmentary shots. The core of the presentation lies in defining the concept of aesthetic belief as the propositional attitude having the structure accepting that P without believing that P is the case. We will carefully distinguish that structure in the case of illusion from the case of imagination as well as from illusion as sensory-based deception.

Suppressive Effect on Speed Reduction at Sag Sections by Utilizing Visual Illusions

Currently about 60% of traffic jams on express highways nationwide are said to occur at sag sections, as traffic congestion at tollgates decreased significantly with the introduction of electronic ETC （toll collection system）. Therefore, in order to further decrease traffic jams on express highways, there is an urgent need to consider measures to reduce traffic congestion at sag sections. A wide variety of hardware and software has been suggested to deal with traffic jams. In this study, a measure for suppressing traffic congestion at sag sections has been proposed, expected to be low in cost and readily installed, which utilizes optical illusions for drivers. An experiment which used a driving simulator resulted in a suggestion that setting gates at incremental intervals at uphill sag sections resulted in suppression of speed reduction in those sections.

Wang Qimo's big illusion-“conjure a plane above the sea” achieved success

On June 17, 2006, the golden award winner magician Wang Qimo's special show—conjure a plane above the sea was held at the Big Sands Valley Beach of Lianyungang City. This show was sponsored by China Acrobats Association, Federation of Literary and Art Circles of Jiangsu

畅游4GLTE网络三星illusion

三星illusion的具体型号是SCH—1110，由美国运营商Verizon Wireless定制，运行于该公司的4GLTE网络。由于曝光后不久，三星官方就删除了此款产品的资料，

The Influence of Belief on Metacognitive Illusion in Complete and Incomplete Nouns Learning

Accumulated studies have found that learners would have an illusion of ability during the learning process when predicting whether previously learned materials can be recalled in subsequent tests.Learners may overestimate or underestimate their performance in the situation,and this phenomenon is called metacognitive illusion.Recently,the belief hypothesis proposed that relevant beliefs would be produced when individuals process perceptual information,and such belief would affect the judgment.This study explores the influence of beliefs on the metacognitive illusion of complete and incomplete nouns by manipulating font shape(nouns with complete or missing strokes)and using pre-study and immediate judgments of learning(JOLs).The results of the study found that the participants had a metacognitive illusion of complete nouns,that is,the nouns with complete strokes got higher JOLs but lower recall scores than nouns with incomplete strokes.

强大的二维后期处理软件illusion

illusion是一个富有创造性的二维后期处理软件．可以帮助你极大地提高你的图像制作工作。不需要艰苦的工作、时间和其他三维软件的经验，就可以制作出三维感觉的梦幻效果。它是一个实时的．只要花一点，只要花一点时间学习就可以使你的创造力得到无穷发挥的软件，你甚至可以在熟练之后使甩它制作科幻类型的图像。

Computational Creation of Hollow Mask Type Illusionary Solids with Shading Effect

＂Hollow mask illusion＂ is an optical illusion and appears due to an error in the process of reconstructing the three-dimensional objects from our two-dimensional retinal image. In this paper, we present a computational method to create ＂Hollow mask＂ type new illusionary solid by calculating the hollow structure and its shading. The straight line Voronoi diagram for a given shape obtains the three-dimensional vertices of the hollow structure and the shading effect on each surface is calculated under the assumption that each surface has diffusely reflecting surface（Lambertian reflectance）. We also show two examples of our new illusionary solid works.

Perception of the Muller-Lyer illusion in guppies

The Muller-Lyer illusion is a well-known distortion illusion that occurs when the spatial arrangement of inducers(i.e.,inwards-or outwards-pointing arrowheads)influences a line's perceived relative length.To date,this illusion has been reported in several animal species but only in 1 teleost fish(i.e.,redtail splitfins Xenotoca eiseni),although teleost fish represent approximately 50%of vertebrate diversity.We investigated the perception of this illusion in another teleost fish:guppies Poecilia reticulata,a species that diverged from the redtail splitfin 65 million years ago.The guppies were trained to select the longer between 2 lines;after meeting the learning criterion,illusory trials were presented.Control trials were also arranged to exclude the possibility that their choices were based on potential spatial biases that relate to the illusory pattern.The guppies'overall performance indicated that they were susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion,perceiving the line with the inwards-pointing arrowheads as longer.The performance in the control trials excluded the possibility that the subjects used the physical differences between the 2 figures as the discriminative cue in the illusory trials.Our study suggests that sensibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion could be widespread across teleost fish and reinforces the idea that the perceptual mechanisms underlying size estimation might be similar across vertebrates.

Cloak an illusion

An illusion counter-part displays the same scattering far-field pattern as that of a real object. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate that such an unreal illusion can be cloaked by an external cloak. This phenomenon shall be called ＂cloak an illusion＂. Numerical simulations were performed to demonstrate such a phenomenon.