The Application of Digital Optical 3D Image Analyzer Evaskin in The Evaluation of Wrinkles

To verify the effectiveness of digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN in the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkles.A total of 115 subjects were recruited,the facial images of the subjects were collected by digital optical 3D image analyzer and manual camera,the changes of crow’s feet with age were analyzed.Pictures obtained by manual photography can be directly used for observation and preliminary grading of wrinkles.However,the requirements for evaluators are high,and the results are prone to errors,which will affect the accuracy of the evaluation.Therefore,skilled raters are needed.Compared with the manual photography method,the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN can realize three-dimensional extraction of wrinkles,and obtain the change trend of crow’s feet with age.20~30 years old,wrinkles begin to appear slowly;wrinkles will increase rapidly at the age of 30~50;The length of 50~60 year old wrinkles is basically fixed,the wrinkles develop longitudewise,gradually widen and deepen,and the area,depth and volume increase is obvious,and the skin aging condition is intensified.the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN realizes the 3D extraction of wrinkles,quantifies the circumference,area,average depth,maximum depth and volume of wrinkles,realizes the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkle state,is more accurate in the measurement of wrinkles,and provides a new instrument and method for the evaluation of wrinkles.it is a perfect and supplement to the traditional evaluation methods,and to a certain extent,it helps the research and development and evaluation institutions of cosmetics to obtain more abundant and three-dimensional data support.

Discrimination of Acacia seeds at species and subspecies levels using an image analyzer

Seeds of Acacia species and subspecies were characterized using an image analyzer and discriminated for the purpose of identification of species, using their seeds. The species considered in the study were Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, A. nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa, A. tortilis subsp. raddiana, A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, A. raddiana, A. senegal, A. auriculiformis, A. farnesiana, A. leucophloea, A. mearnsii, A. melanoxylon, A. planifrons and A. mangium. Eight samples each consisting of 25 seeds per species were studied using the image analyzer for physical characteristics of seeds, such as 2D surface area, length, width, perimeter, roundness, aspect ratio and fullness ratio. Discriminant analysis showed that acacias can be discriminated at species and subspecies levels, with 96% accuracy. Exceptions were A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa(75.0%), A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa(75.0%) and A. raddiana(87.5%) which had relatively low discrimination accuracy. However, discriminant analysis within selected species showed complete recognition of these species except for A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, that had still a large overlap with A. leucophloea. The study also revealed that both seed size and shape characteristics were responsible for species discrimination. It can be concluded that rapid analysis of seed size and shape characteristics using image analysis techniques can be used as primary and secondary keys for identification of acacias.

Variability and divergence in Pongamia pinnata for further use in tree improvement

A total of 24 candidate plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata（L.） Pierre.were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits（4 pod traits,6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits） at Forest Research Centre,Institute of Forest Productivity-Mandar,Ranchi district during 2005-2007.The results show that,CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz,pod length（65.6 mm）,100-pod weight（542.4 g）,seed 2D（two dimension） area（351.2 mm2）,seed length（27.9 mm）,seed breadth（17.4 mm）,100-seed weight（217.9 g） and plant height（164.3 cm）.The traits,100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability（98.4%,96.9%） accompanied with high genetic advance（46.0%,34.9%）.There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height,collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS（months after sowing）.Volume index expressed a moderate heritability（47.4%） accompanied with high genetic advance（48.4%）,indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects.In divergence study,24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis.The genotypes in cluster IV（CPT-5,CPT-6,CPT-7,CPT-12,CPT-16,CPT18,CPT-22） and cluster III（CPT-4,CPT-8,CPT-9,CPT-20,CPT-21） were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization.The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II,followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates.It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.

Culling phenotypically inferior trees in seed production area enhances seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis

Improvement in seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis after culling phenotypically inferior trees was studied in a 6-year old seed production area （SPA）. A 5-ha plantation was identified, of which 2.3 ha was converted into SPA. The initial stocking, 1 612 trees·ha^-1, was thinned down to 982 trees·ha^-1 based on growth characteristics. The following fruiting season, seeds were collected from 10 randomly selected trees in culled and non-culled stands, and seed physical characters, germination and seedling traits were assessed. Seed weight, seed thickness and percentage germination increased by 32.1%, 4.43% and 22.37%, respectively in the culled stand compared to the non-culled stand. Culling also increased the speed of germination, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index. Heritability values were high for seed weight （0.974） and seed thickness （0.948） while medium values were observed for percentage germination （0.577） and total dry weight （0.534）. Predicted genetic gain was 11.13% and 11.22% for seed weight and percentage germination, respectively. The actual gain was 32.1, 51.9 and 22.9% for seed weight, percentage germination and total dry matter, respectively. In conclusion, SPAs established by culling inferior trees could serve as sources of good quality seeds for reforestation programs until genetically improved seeds are made available.

Morphological neural networks for automatic target detection by simulated annealing learning algorithm

A practical neural network model for morphological filtering and a simulated annealing optimal algorithm for the network parameters training are proposed in this paper. It is pointed out that the opti- mal designing process of the morphological filtering network in fact is the optimal learning process of adjusting network parameters (structuring element, or SE for short) to accommodate image environment. Then the network structure may possess the characteristics of image targets, and so give specific infor- mation to the SE. Morphological filters formed in this way become certainly intelligent and can provide good filtering results and robust adaptability to complex changing image. For application to motional image target detection, dynamic training algorithm is applied to the designing process using asymptotic shrinking error and appropriate network weights adjusting. Experimental results show that the algorithm has invariant property with respect to shift, scale and rotation of moving target in continuing detection of moving targets.

Fast calculation of wave front amplitude propagation: a tool to analyze the 3D image on a hologram(Invited Paper)

A simple approach to calculate the amplitude component of a wave front propagating in space from a hologram is proposed. It is able to calculate the amplitude distribution on a plane at any distance rapidly using a standard GPU. This is useful for analyzing and reconstructing the 3D image encoded on a hologram.