Thomas Hardy's Understanding of Tragedy and His Creation of Characters

Thomas Hardy’ s understanding of tragedy was in devel-opment owing to the influence of various factors. The de-velopment illustrated itself clearly in his four representa-tive tragic novels The Return of the Native, The Mayor ofCasterbridge, Tess of the D’ Urbervilles and Jude theObscure, especially in the four principal characters Eusta-cia, Henchard, Tess and Jude of the novels. The paperattempts to elucidate that Thomas Hardy managed, un-der the influence of his developing understanding of trag-edy, to describe Eustacia as a "tragedy of fate", Hen-chard as a "tragedy of character", Tess and Jude as"tragedies of society". The paper is composed of

Critique in the Field of Immanence: The Case of New Polish Art

In the presented paper,the author,referring to several examples of Polish contemporary art,reflects on the concept of criticism.The author asks the question:Whether are we dealing in late capitalism with a post-critical turn in art and philosophical thinking at all?He analyzes the post-critical turn by referring to other concepts such as immanent critique(S.Turkle),critique in the field of immanence(G.Deleuze),post-theoretical culture(T.Eagelton),assembly art(G.Didi-Huberman),“technical perfection”(M.Heidegger),mnemotechnics(J.Derrida),mechanosphere(G.Deleuze&F.Guattari),and finally the famous distinction of Walter Benjamin between“display value”of the work of art and its“cult value”.The ultimate goal of the article is to determine the possibility of criticism(critique)in the age of techno-or affective capitalism(L.Berlant&B.Stiergler).At the end,the author poses the question:To what society we belong?Are we part of the“society of display value”or a“co-creative society”?

Detour and Access,Deleuze and Guattari’s Researches on Chinese Immanent Becoming

This paper mainly discusses Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s researches on Chinese immanent becoming,they explain the theory of rhizome,the theory of becoming and the immanent philosophy from the relation between the grass and China,the line and Chinese Poetry Painting,the figure and chinese thougth,and display the others'visual angle from which they enter into Western philosophy by Chine.Meanwhile,by the intermediary of French sinologist Fran?ois Jullien,Deleuze and Guattari encounter the immanent transcendence of modern neo-confucianism on the plane of immanence.This shows the interleaving operation between Chinese thought and western philosophy,and presents the movements of the thoughts which become each other and fuse each other between Chinese thought and western philosophy.

Models of Presence and Loss of Transcendence in History

The article seeks to elucidate the status of transcendence in the historiography of secularization through the perspective of collective memory. It discusses two typological models dealing with the basic metaphysical problem concerned with the presence and meaning of transcendence in real human existence. According to the first, the historical reality of secularization causes a break from the collective memory whose roots are in religion. In contrast, the second model considers that despite the deep transformations in the status of religion in a reality of secularization, an experience of historical continuity may also occur there. These models denote the two poles in the argument about the meaning and value of history for modem people. The article suggests a phenomenological analysis of the two models and criticizes their deficiencies. Finally, the ＂tension model＂ is outlined as a third alternative that aims at overcoming the binary situation created by the first two in favor of a perspective that necessitates and contains both immanence and transcendence.

Immanent Transcendence in Chinese and Western Process Thinking＊

The main classical schools of Chinese philosophy can be characterized as process thinking and their concepts are related to those of Whitehead＇s philosophy of organism. （Neo-）Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Buddhism all find their roots in the Yi ding with a strong emphasis on human experience of the flux of time. These Eastern and Western world views allow attempts to consciously experience experiential reality in terms of immanent transcendence. These attempts are discussed also by considering the functioning of the human brain, emphasizing the importance of brain asymmetry.

Cogito, Phenomenology, and Christianity in Michel Henry

This article shows,in Michel Henry,the relationship that Descartes’cogito maintains with phenomenology and Christianity.Thus,this article first shows to see how the phenomenology of life is only possible through a reading of Descartes’cogito.For,in it is in the cogito that one discovers how the life of the ego relates the ego to itself by excluding from itself what is outside of itself in the reduction in which this ego is constituted.The article then observes that it is from the way in which the ego is constituted in its most radical immanence that Michel shows how Husserl confused the immanence of the ego with the transcendence which lies outside of the ego.The article finally explains how the ego which discovers itself in pure immanence is the institute of a phenomenology of life which remains the mode of being of the philosophy of Christianity.

DeLillo's Libra and the Subjunctive Mood as Fictionalization

Don DeLillo's Libra is often considered a postmodernist rendition of history,but there exist temporal distortions in his fiction that must be parsed into the subjunctive mood instead of the simple past tense.The fictive transformation from the temporal tense to the mood of potentiality underlies DeLillo's fictionalization of history that attempts to problematize the ironclad facts.This would to power manifests the point that fiction is a poetic and emotive alternative to actualized reality.What is Real to fiction lies in its virtual reality.

真理的自由和自由的真理——德勒兹对康德思想的超越

哲学是为了寻求关于人的真理,或者,哲学是人的思想所留下的轨迹?康德提出思想是朝向真理前行,是为了认识人自己。然而,康德哲学所塑造的人的形象在德勒兹眼中却成了人自由的羁绊,是对于思想的束缚。为了理解思想在康德和德勒兹之间的转变,论者在这里考察了德勒兹对于康德的理性主义的批判,以及德勒兹对于思想自由的论述。

完全图的单钩immanant（英文）

众所周知,immanant的计算是很困难的.本文分别给出了具有n个顶点的完全图的邻接矩阵和拉普拉斯矩阵的单钩immanant的递推关系式;此外,还分别给出了具有n个顶点的圈的邻接矩阵和拉普拉斯矩阵的积和式的值.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF A NEW SUPERCONDUCTOR Tl_(2-x)Eu_xBa_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10)

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONAfter H. Maeda et al. discovered a high T_c superconductor in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, which does not contain any notable rare-earth element, Z. Z. Sheng et al. discovered subsequently another high T_c superconductor in T1-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system. Its T_c seems higher than Bi-system. The crystal structure and superconductivity of both oxides were stated to be either identical or isomorphous. There are two or three superconductive phases with T_c～85 K and ～105 K or even higher. These phases are of 2212 and 2223, or even of more different in chemical composition, usually called as the lower and the higher superconductive phases. A number of studies were carried out to explore a pure single superconductive phase with different treatments and to find out their structure relation for these phases.

Immanant positivity for Catalan-Stieltjes matrices

We give some sufficient conditions for the nonnegativity of immanants of square submatrices of Catalan-Stieltjes matrices and their corresponding Hankel matrices.To obtain these sufficient conditions,we construct new planar networks with a recursive nature for Catalan-Stieltjes matrices.As applications,we provide a unified way to produce inequalities for many combinatorial polynomials,such as the Eulerian polynomials,Schröder polynomials,and Narayana polynomials.

The Integration of Psychology and Linguistics from the Perspective of Cognitive Science—The Example of the Psychological Reality of Language

In the traditional debate centered on the nature of language,the question of“the psychological reality of language”occupies a pivotal position.The key lies in the recognition of language(competence)as a natural entity that exists in the brain in some physical way.The empirical research perspectives supporting the psychological reality of language fall into four main categories:(a)linguistic perspectives based on introspective linguistic intuitions;(b)developmental psychology perspectives;(c)psycholinguistic perspectives;(d)neurolinguistic perspectives.In analyzing the four areas of research,it is clear that psychological realism does indeed reveal the physiological basis of language ability,but it does not fully explain how“reality”is expressed,i.e.,at what level the operation and representation of language can be linked to human neurobiological mechanisms,and how the psychological reality of language is related to the semantic“material”reality of language.In essence,the ontological foundation of psychological realism is the logocentric tradition of“In the beginning was the Word,”while Chinese thought,which espouses“In the beginning was the Deed,”provides a transcendental framework for solving the dilemma of psychological realism by virtue of its self-cultivation theory of“heaven,in its motion,shows strength.”The focus is not on how language precisely maps reality,but how to mobilize the energy of language through the cultivation of the body and mind.This implies that human language and even its physiological basis develop according to how one learns to change the natural world,and that the most essential basis of language is the change in the world caused by its“doing”(self-cultivation),thus providing an adequate explanation for the problem of the psychological reality of language.

Immanent Transcendence and the New Confucians＇ Discourse on the Religiousness of Confucianism

As their attempt to assert the strength and uniqueness of traditional Chinese culture in comparison with Western culture, to transform Confucianism by creatively responding to and reinterpreting Western religious concepts from Confucian perspective, as well as to contribute to inter-religious dialogue, contemporary New Confucians 新儒家 have asserted the transcendence, religiousness and moral metaphysics of Confucianism. The New Confucians have also perceived the spiritual problems of modern people and suggested to deal with them by linking humans with the transcendent Heaven. In this article, I will analyse and evaluate the New Confucians＇ arguments on Confucian ＂immanent transcendence＂ 内在超越. I will argue that they are the bases of the New Confucians＇ arguments on the religiousness of Confucianism, as well as their perception of Confucianism as a moral metaphysics and the solution to the problems of modernity.