Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reve...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reversal agents(LRAs)to activate HIV latent reservoirs,followed by immunotherapy to remove infected cells.Immunomodulatory LRAs have the dual advantage of activating viral latency and promoting immune cell elimination of HIV-infected cells.The emergence of novel immunotherapies has also enhanced the possibility ofHIV clearance.Here we review the activity and potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory agonists and immunotherapies.The possible combinational strategies to achieve HIV functional cure and the problems encountered using this approach are discussed.展开更多
In view of the increasing number of patients undergoing kidney dialysis or transplant every year, a survey of the literature on renal protective medicinal plants was undertaken. Most of them are from traditional Chine...In view of the increasing number of patients undergoing kidney dialysis or transplant every year, a survey of the literature on renal protective medicinal plants was undertaken. Most of them are from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Although many of the medicinal herbs reported have not been investigated in terms of active chemical ingredients, some do have compounds well characterized. They fall into a wide range of structures. Several groups of compounds with well established activities are discussed. These include： antioxidant phenolic compounds like tannins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, unsaturated organic acids and lignans; circulation enhancing compounds like saponins, and basic alkaloids with multiple targets （G-protein coupled receptors）. Also presented are proinflammatory and antiinflammatory fatty acids like linoleic （n-6） and α-Iinolenic （n-3） acids, respectively. Attention is also drawn to the plants containing nephrotoxic aristolochic acid. Different directions of future research are also presented. We hope that this review may provide some leads for new drug discovery and development, and more rational application of TCM.展开更多
基金funded by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.D17110700050000).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reversal agents(LRAs)to activate HIV latent reservoirs,followed by immunotherapy to remove infected cells.Immunomodulatory LRAs have the dual advantage of activating viral latency and promoting immune cell elimination of HIV-infected cells.The emergence of novel immunotherapies has also enhanced the possibility ofHIV clearance.Here we review the activity and potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory agonists and immunotherapies.The possible combinational strategies to achieve HIV functional cure and the problems encountered using this approach are discussed.
文摘In view of the increasing number of patients undergoing kidney dialysis or transplant every year, a survey of the literature on renal protective medicinal plants was undertaken. Most of them are from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Although many of the medicinal herbs reported have not been investigated in terms of active chemical ingredients, some do have compounds well characterized. They fall into a wide range of structures. Several groups of compounds with well established activities are discussed. These include： antioxidant phenolic compounds like tannins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, unsaturated organic acids and lignans; circulation enhancing compounds like saponins, and basic alkaloids with multiple targets （G-protein coupled receptors）. Also presented are proinflammatory and antiinflammatory fatty acids like linoleic （n-6） and α-Iinolenic （n-3） acids, respectively. Attention is also drawn to the plants containing nephrotoxic aristolochic acid. Different directions of future research are also presented. We hope that this review may provide some leads for new drug discovery and development, and more rational application of TCM.
