Correlating common breakage modes with impact breakage and ball milling of cement clinker and chromite

Understanding the mechanisms of the breakage of ore particles is important to predict the particle size distribution in size reduction operations.This paper aims to show the presence of common breakage modes in impact breakage and ball milling of the cement clinker and chromite samples.For that purpose,narrow size fractions of the two samples were broken in a drop-weight tester or ball mill by changing the degree of applied energy.Then the resultant size distributions were evaluated to seek evidence for the common breakage modes.The results showed that increasing the breakage energy will produce a systematic change in the shapes of the size distributions,suggesting a sequential set of breakage modes.The breakage is initially due to tensile stresses at low breakage energies and compressive stresses at high breakage energies.Further studies should be done to assess if these breakage modes occur at sizereduction of different ores.

On the determination of particle impact breakage in selection function

This paper presents a thorough study of particle impact breakage in selection function with a unified breakage criterion.The impact mode and breakage pattern for particulate materials are classified based on a significant review of well-established impact testers.It was found that the lack of a unified breakage criterion to determine the breakage probability disables a direct comparison of particle breakage propensity from different impact loading testers.The literature breakage models to describe the breakage probability are reviewed where the advantage and drawback of these models are scrutinized.The sourced literature breakage models are compared with the zeolite breakage datasets in a unified breakage criterion to evaluate the model performance.A novel computational modelling workflow for a milling process is proposed to provide a guidance in implementing the digital twin in milling process prediction.The breakage probability models,i.e.the selection functions are comprehensively assessed in population balance model to examine the model serviceability.The model simplicity and fidelity in the model assessment are specifically discussed and the value of digital twin in substantially reducing the experimental trials is highlighted.