Dynamic impact experiment and response characteristics analysis for 1:2 reduced-scale model of hydraulic support

It is significant to research the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support due to its key support role in the fully mechanized mining face.However,it is difficult for the entire hydraulic support to implement the impact experiment underground and analyze the response characteristic.Therefore,a dynamic impact experiment for the entire hydraulic support was proposed in this paper,where a 1:2 reducedscale model of hydraulic support was designed and its response characteristics under dynamic impact load were analyzed.Firstly,a comprehensive monitoring scheme was proposed to achieve an effective monitoring for dynamic response of hydraulic support.Secondly,a multi-scale impact experiment was carried out for the entire hydraulic support and dynamic behaviors of hydraulic support under the multi-scale impact load were revealed by experimental data.Then a dynamic impact experiment of the entire hydraulic support was simulated in ADAMS with the same experiment conditions,and the experimental and simulation data were verified mutually.Finally,the characteristics of energy conversion and dissipation of the entire experiment system after impact were analyzed.The experiment results showed that the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support largely depended on the initial support conditions and different vertical rigidities affected energy distribution proportion of the entire support system.

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part I:Experimental Study of Bird Impact

The conditions of experiment for bird impact to blades have been improved. The experiment of bird impact to the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is carried out. Through analyzing the transient state response of blades impacted by bird and the change of blade profile before and after the impact, the anti-bird impact performance of blades in the first fan rotor is verified. The basis of anti-foreign object damage design for the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is provided.

Coulometric sizing of nanoparticles： Cathodic and anodic impact experiments open two independent routes to electrochemical sizing of Fez04 nanoparticles

Anodic particle coulometry （APC） is a recently established method of sizing individual metal nanoparticles by oxidising them during their impact on a micro electrode. Here it is demonstrated that the application of APC can be extended to sizing of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe304 magnetite nanoparticles. Additionally, a new route to electrochemical nanoparticle sizing is introduced-- cathodic particle coulometry （CPC）. This method uses the reduction of impacting nanoparticles, e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles, and is demonstrated to yield correct size information for Fe304 nanoparticles. The combination of these two independent electrochemical methods of nanoparticle sizing, allows for purely electrochemical sizing of single nanoparticles and simultaneous verification of the obtained results.

Numerical and experimental studies on impact dynamics of a planar flexible multibody system

In this paper a computational methodology on impact dynamics of the flexible multibody system is presented. First, the floating frame of reference approach and nodal coordinates on the basis of finite element formulation are used to describe the kinematics of planar deformable bodies. According to the kinematic description of contact conditions, the contact constraint equations of planar flexible bodies are derived. Based on the varying topology technique the impact dynamic equations for a planar multibody system are established. Then the initial conditions of the equations in each contact stage are determined according to the discontinuity theory in continuum mechanics. The experiments between the aluminum rods are performed to check the correctness of the proposed method. Through the comparison between the numerical and experimental results the proposed method is validated. Experimental results also show that the impulse momentum method cannot accurately predict the complex impact dynamic phenomena and the continuous model may lead to a serious error when used to simulate the impact problems with significant wave propagation effects.

Biological analysis of woodpecker’s brain after impact experiments

Woodpeckers can withstand a fierce impact during pecking.Previous studies have focused on the biomechanical analysis of the pecking process,the properties of the beak and hyoid bone of woodpecker;however,the biological characteristics of the woodpecker brain are also important in resisting impact injuries.We employed impact experiments and biological analysis in normal and injured brains to reveal the impact-resistant biological characteristics of woodpecker brains,as well as the impact energy’s biological effects on the woodpecker brain.The hoopoe,which has a similar size but only a slight pecking behavior,was selected as the control group to compare brain morphology and neuronal cells differences in normal brains between woodpecker and hoopoe by sectioning and staining.A loading device was designed to conduct a quantifiable impact energy to the woodpeckers’head.Four groups of woodpeckers were impacted with the same energy on the forehead,beak,tempus and occiput,respectively.Biological changes in the injured brains were evaluated by Nissl staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The results showed that:(1)woodpeckers had a larger cerebellum and a higher density of Nissl bodies than hoopoe;(2)Nissl apoptosis appeared in the brain samples after the forehead and the occiput impact experiments,but no obvious Nissl body apoptosis was observed after impact on the tempus and the beak;(3)β-amyloid protein accumulated in the normal status woodpecker brain.This study reveals that:woodpecker brain morphology is well-adapted to impact,woodpecker heads display location-dependent protective performance,with beak and tempus regions having a better protective performance than the forehead and occiput,Nissl apoptosis appears in injured woodpecker brains,and that the accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein does not show a direct relationship with the injury state of woodpecker’s brain tissue in our study.

Partition method and experimental validation for impact dynamics of flexible multibody system

The impact problem of a flexible multibody system is a non-smooth, high-transient, and strong-nonlinear dynamic process with variable boundary. How to model the contact/impact process accurately and efficiently is one of the main difficulties in many engineering applications. The numerical approaches being used widely in impact analysis are mainly from two fields： multibody system dynamics （MBS） and computational solid mechanics （CSM）. Approaches based on MBS provide a more efficient yet less accurate analysis of the contact/impact problems, while approaches based on CSM are well suited for particularly high accuracy needs, yet require very high computational effort. To bridge the gap between accuracy and efficiency in the dynamic simulation of a flexible multibody system with contacts/impacts, a partition method is presented considering that the contact body is divided into two parts, an impact region and a non-impact region. The impact region is modeled using the finite element method to guarantee the local accuracy, while the non-impact region is modeled using the modal reduction approach to raise the global efficiency. A three-dimensional rod-plate impact experiment is designed and performed to validate the numerical results. The principle for how to partition the contact bodies is proposed： the maximum radius of the impact region can be estimated by an analytical method, and the modal truncation orders of the non-impact region can be estimated by the highest frequency of the signal measured. The simulation results using the presented method are in good agreement with the experimental results. It shows that this method is an effec-rive formulation considering both accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, a more complicated multibody impact problem of a crank slider mechanism is investigated to strengthen this conclusion.

Experimental study ofcasing wear under impact-sliding conditions

Theoretical analysis and field monitoring show that lateral vibration has very important effect on casing wear in deep & ultra-deep well drilling. The wear mechanism of casing under impact-sliding work conditions has been investigated and many experiments have been completed with a newly developed full-scale casing wear test machine. Test results present that adhesion wear, contact fatigue, and grinding abrasion are the main wear mechanisms under impact-sliding test conditions. The friction coefficient and linear wear rate of the casing rise obviously with an increase in impact load. And the larger the impact load, the rougher the worn surface of the casing. The linear wear rate decreased slightly but the average friction coefficient increased slightly with an increase in impact frequency under an impact load of 2,500 N. Both the linear wear rate of the casing and the average friction coefficient increased substantially with an increase in impact frequency under an impact load of 4,000 N. Under lower impact load conditions, grinding abrasion and contact fatigue are the main mechanisms of casing wear; under higher impact load conditions, adhesion wear and contact fatigue are the main mechanisms of casing wear.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION ON DYNAMIC BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID-FILLED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER AXIAL IMPACT

This article reports an experimental investigation on the axial impact buckling of thin metallic cylindrical shells fully filled with water. Low velocity impact tests are carried out by DHR-9401 drop hammer rig. The whole process of dynamic buckling is simulated using LS-DYNA computer code. The consistency between experimental observation and numerical simulation is quite satisfactory. The investigation indicates that quite high internal hydrodynamic pressure occurs inside the shell during the impact process. Under the combined action of the high internal pressure and axial compression plastic buckling occurs easily in the thin-walled shells and buckling modes take on regular and axisymmetric wrinkles.

RECOVERY EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF TENSILE IMPACT

Based on loading-unloading test, tensile impact recovery experimental techniques have been developed to obtain the isothermal stress-strain curves of materials under high strain rates. The thermal softening effect can be decoupled by comparing the isothermal stress-strain curves with the adiabatic stress-strain curves at the same strain rate. In the present paper, recovery experiments of brass have been carried out on a self-designed rotating disk tensile impact apparatus. According to the parabolic strain hardening power-law thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model, strain hardening parameter, strain rates strengthening parameter and thermal softening synthetical parameter have been decoupled from experimental results. Furthermore, from these parameters, one can determine the theoretical isothermal curves and adiabatic curves at high strain rates well-coinciding the experimental results respectively. It indicates that the recovery experimental techniques of tensile impact are effective and reliable and are important means for the study of thermo-mechanical coupling. The experimental results also reveals that brass is a typical thermo-viscoplastic material.

水翼空化瞬态特征与空化冲击关系试验研究

舰船在高航速运行工况下空化非定常演化过程产生的冲击,是空化激励产生异响甚至空蚀的根源。实际空化流动是包含多尺度流动结构的复杂过程,涉及空化的脱落、破碎、合并以及溃灭等多重影响因素,目前对于空化冲击形成机制的认识及判别尚不清晰,制约了空化冲击控制措施的发展。针对上述问题,本文以扭曲水翼为对象,首先采用水翼物面蓝油涂层方法确认空化冲击的主要区域,然后利用高速相机和水听器开展空化图像与脉动信号在时域上的同步测试,分析水翼片空化脱落形成云空化过程中物面空化冲击与空化瞬态结构特征之间的关系。结果表明,对于典型片空化形成云空化的过程,高频高幅值的空化冲击是由片空化脱落后形成的云空化结构局部整体溃灭回弹现象引起,且在瞬时产生强烈的压力脉动。这一认识为工程上对空化冲击的判别和控制提供了依据。

泥石流堆积体物性参数测试及冲击荷载相似模拟试验研究

泥石流是一种常见的自然灾害,其突发的特性和强大的冲击力对工程建设和人类生活构成巨大威胁。该研究主要针对泥石流堆积物材料参数及其冲击力特性进行深入探讨,对泥石流堆积物进行系列的冲击荷载试验。通过控制泥石流堆积物的物理参数,如颗粒级配、密度和含水量,探究这些参数对冲击荷载的影响。结果表明,泥石流堆积物的冲击荷载大小与其物理参数有密切关系。研究结果不仅为理解泥石流堆积物冲击荷载提供新的视角和方法,也为工程实践中的泥石流灾害防治提供有价值的参考。

弹簧振子隔离器模型动态刚度特性试验及仿真研究

隔离器的动刚度和冲击刚度是隔离器性能评估的核心技术指标,需要对其进行准确的评估,已满足不同使用环境的需要。动刚度的测试方法主要有椭圆法、振动激励法和自激振荡法,冲击刚度测试技术主要有跌落法和落锤法。根据试验件的特性,合理选择测试方法,能够极大地提高效率。本文采用振动激励法对弹簧振子隔离器模型进行动刚度仿真及试验分析,采用跌落法对弹簧阵子隔离器模型进行冲击刚度仿真和试验分析。基于仿真分析和试验分析对比明确了测试的有效性,并根据相关的试验数据,梳理了动刚度和冲击刚度各种测试方法的优缺点,以供相关的测试技术人员参阅。

浮冰反复碰撞下蜂窝金属夹芯板动态响应实验研究

本文采用水平冲击试验装置开展楔形刚性冲头与楔形冰体反复碰撞下蜂窝金属夹芯板动态响应实验,研究蜂窝金属夹芯板结构塑性变形损伤、下面板位移时程曲线和碰撞力时程曲线等动态响应特性,分析冰体反复碰撞和刚体反复碰撞对蜂窝金属夹芯板动态响应的差异。研究结果表明:随着楔形冰体反复碰撞次数的增加,碰撞力峰值持续增大,碰撞接触时间明显缩短,蜂窝金属夹芯板上下面板的局部凹陷和整体弯曲变形逐渐增大,蜂窝芯层压缩量逐渐增加直至密实化;由于碰撞过程中存在冰体破碎现象,冰体碰撞接触面积增大,与刚性反复碰撞相比,冰体反复碰撞作用下夹芯板上面板中点的最终挠度偏小,但局部损伤面积明显偏大;随着碰撞次数的增加,蜂窝金属夹芯板结构塑性累积变形由一条塑性铰线发展演化为椭圆形塑性区。

球体低速斜撞击成坑规律试验研究

通过设计球体发射低速撞击试验装置,系统开展不同角度条件下球体撞击干砂靶成坑试验,定量分析撞击速度、角度对撞击坑型的影响,定性分析球体低速斜撞击干砂靶的成坑过程及机理,修正低速斜撞击条件下的成坑相似律.讨论所修正的相似律在不同撞击条件下的适用性及其在天文学上的应用.试验结果表明,坑型随撞击速度的增加而增大;坑长、坑体积随撞击角度增加而增加,坑宽随撞击角度的增加先减小再增加,坑深随撞击角度的增加先增加后减小;成坑体积可由撞击角度、撞击速度、球体尺寸、球体密度、重力参数进行缩放得到;低速斜撞击成坑过程中动量和能量共同影响耗散冲击过程.

多层甲板邮轮模型的降噪技术试验研究

为了研究邮轮上层甲板舱室乘客的休闲娱乐和生活活动噪声对下层甲板舱室乘客舒适性体验的影响,设计不同的甲板降噪技术,以浮动地板、阻尼+钢片以及阻尼+钢片+矿物棉等3种材料为主要敷层,构建三甲板二层舱室的邮轮样板舱,采用撞击声模拟上层甲板的活动噪声。隔层噪声测量结果为:噪声声压级均随频率增加而下降;降噪层以阻尼+钢片+矿物棉为主的全频率噪声声压级低于45 dB,达到规范噪声控制要求;浮动地板隔层声压级在低频段超出45d B。结果表明以阻尼+钢片+矿物棉为主要敷层,具有良好的隔层降噪效果。

PROGRESSIVE FRAGMENT MODELING OF FAILURE WAVE IN CERAMICS UNDER PLANAR IMPACT LOADING

Polycrystalline ceramics have heterogeneous meso-structures which result in high singularity in stress distribution. Based on this, a progressive fragment model was proposed which describes the failure wave formation and propagation in shocked ceramics. The governing equation of the failure wave was characterized by inelastic bulk strain with material damage and fracture. And the inelastic bulk strain consists of dilatant strain from nucleation and expansion of microcracks and condensed strain from collapse of original pores. Numerical simulation of the free surface velocity was performed in good agreement with planar impact experiments on 92.93% aluminas at China Academy of Engineering Physics. And the longitudinal, lateral and shear stress histories upon the arrival of the failure wave were predicted, which present the diminished shear strength and lost spall strength in the failed layer.

Impact of GNSS radio occultation bending angle data assimilation in YH4DVAR system

Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） radio occultation measurements have been assimilated into the four- dimensional variational data assimilation system （YH4DVAR） using a one-dimensional bending angle operator （GBAO） as a new type of observation. For the sake of verifying the impact of GNSS radio occultation （RO） measurements to the data assimilation system, three experiments have been conducted. The statistical results of the analysis error experiment and forecast skill experiment show that the GNSS RO measurements have an impact on the analysis system. The typhoon forecast experiment shows the impact on the important weather process. They all have a positive impact on the weather forecast. Lastly, we look forward to future work on the observation system simulation experiment （OSSE） to investigate the impact of GNSS RO measurements as a function of observation number, which is an effective method to estimate the saturation of the observation number.

SHPB循环冲击实验技术在岩石冲击动力学教学中的应用研究

该文通过将SHPB实验与岩石冲击动力学相关理论课程相结合的教学模式,提高学生对岩石冲击力学响应和能量演化特征的认知与理解,培养学生在科学实验方面的实际操作能力和严谨态度,发挥学生自主开展实验研究的主观能动性,提升教学效果。基于多学科交叉融合理念,联系科学研究热点问题,引导学生进一步思考并探索更多“SHPB+”,有助于培养学生的科研实践能力与思维创新精神。

螺栓连接结构冲击载荷传递特性及冲击响应行为研究进展综述

目的通过探讨复杂装备结构中螺栓连接结构在冲击载荷条件下的力学响应特征,以及这些特征如何影响装备结构的应力波传播、能量耗散和整体结构响应;同时,关注螺栓自身的变形和破坏对关键部件乃至整个系统稳定性和安全性的潜在影响,特别是在武器装备中可能引发的灾难性后果,旨在进一步优化螺栓连接结构的设计,提高其在极端载荷条件下的性能和可靠性。方法系统调研国内外文献,总结螺栓连接结构冲击载荷传递特性及冲击响应行为的研究进展,涉及的研究方法包括试验研究、有限元模拟和理论分析等。结论螺栓连接结构的冲击响应行为对装备整体的稳定性和安全性具有重要影响。通过对现有文献的分析,提出了未来研究的建议。

不同打击方式对桥梁的毁伤效果研究

桥梁是交通运输的重要媒介,战时极易因遭受攻击而毁坏。为研究弹药不同打击方式对桥梁毁伤效果的影响,利用LS-DYNA软件开展了深入数值模拟研究。将模拟结果与对应工况试验结果对比,验证了计算模型的可靠性,开展了不同打击方式的数值模拟,计算了各工况的桥梁剩余承载力,揭示出不同打击方式对桥梁的毁伤影响。结果表明:面板中心接触爆时桥梁破坏程度最明显,面板下方爆炸毁伤效果次之,桥梁正上方空爆毁伤效果最差;同样的侵彻爆破战斗部爆心位置在桥面板正中时桥梁剩余承载力较上方空爆打击时削弱8.2%。研究结果可为桥梁抗爆设计、弹药打击方式及桥梁的毁伤评估提供参考。