A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling indust...A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
In this paper we discuss how to measure the component importance for a system in its signature representation. The definition is given in terms of compensator transform and it can be considered as a new formalization ...In this paper we discuss how to measure the component importance for a system in its signature representation. The definition is given in terms of compensator transform and it can be considered as a new formalization of the ideas presented by Bergman [1] in the context of system signature.展开更多
我国对加工贸易进口豁免关税而不豁免非关税壁垒。在国际产业分工深度调整和变革的背景下,全球价值链贸易发展促使中间品进出口往来大量增加,中间品进口遭遇的非关税壁垒对加工贸易企业的影响增大。统计结果显示,我国技术性贸易壁垒(Tec...我国对加工贸易进口豁免关税而不豁免非关税壁垒。在国际产业分工深度调整和变革的背景下,全球价值链贸易发展促使中间品进出口往来大量增加,中间品进口遭遇的非关税壁垒对加工贸易企业的影响增大。统计结果显示,我国技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,TBT)主要分布于纺织服装、化纤制造、机械、机电与通信设备制造等重要的劳动密集型加工制造行业,并且不同产品间遭遇的TBT差异程度较大。通过交互匹配我国TBT数据、工业企业数据和海关产品进口数据,本文实证检验了我国加工贸易企业中间品进口遭遇的TBT对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,我国设置的TBT通过提高进口中间品质量、扩大进口规模和来源地结构效应显著促进本土加工贸易企业生产率提升,并且对大型企业、外资企业、资本密集型、低污染以及东部地区加工贸易企业生产率提升的促进效应更大,此外该促进效应随着企业从事来料加工贸易份额减少而逐渐增强。本文补充了进口贸易政策影响加工贸易企业绩效的经验证据。展开更多
文摘A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.
文摘In this paper we discuss how to measure the component importance for a system in its signature representation. The definition is given in terms of compensator transform and it can be considered as a new formalization of the ideas presented by Bergman [1] in the context of system signature.
文摘我国对加工贸易进口豁免关税而不豁免非关税壁垒。在国际产业分工深度调整和变革的背景下,全球价值链贸易发展促使中间品进出口往来大量增加,中间品进口遭遇的非关税壁垒对加工贸易企业的影响增大。统计结果显示,我国技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,TBT)主要分布于纺织服装、化纤制造、机械、机电与通信设备制造等重要的劳动密集型加工制造行业,并且不同产品间遭遇的TBT差异程度较大。通过交互匹配我国TBT数据、工业企业数据和海关产品进口数据,本文实证检验了我国加工贸易企业中间品进口遭遇的TBT对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,我国设置的TBT通过提高进口中间品质量、扩大进口规模和来源地结构效应显著促进本土加工贸易企业生产率提升,并且对大型企业、外资企业、资本密集型、低污染以及东部地区加工贸易企业生产率提升的促进效应更大,此外该促进效应随着企业从事来料加工贸易份额减少而逐渐增强。本文补充了进口贸易政策影响加工贸易企业绩效的经验证据。
