GhDET2,a Steroid 5alpha-reductase,Plays an Important Role in Cotton Fiber Cell Initiation and Elongation

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever characterized,cotton fiber is an ideal system for studying plant cell elongation.

The Role of Multilateral Development Banks and Institutions Are Important

These five recommendations cover the most critical aspects of infrastructure development:an attractive pipeline of projects,diversity of financial instruments and a conducive regulatory environment,the role of multilateral development institutions,as well as the management of project life-cycle pro-

Standardization Plays an Important Role in China

With the development of global economies and China’s entrance into WTO, standardization is playing a more crucial role in marketing,industrial, and techni- cal fields in China. Governments and enterprises are paying increasing attention to it.

Analysis on Features of News Headlines Translation

This paper is holding the purpose of summing up the theories and methods based on many examples which demonstrate principles,features and technique skills in news headline translation.We know that the translation of news headlines which is considered as the eyes and window of news appears very essential as many people do not have enough time to read the whole text from beginning to the end.They tend to browse headlines at first and then pick up the news in which the headline attracts them.From the paper,we can draw a conclusion that English news headline translation is not an easy task,and we need more study and practice to make it better and do our utmost to help Chinese readers when they are reading English newspapers or magazines.

Gap formation around Ω_e/2 and generation of low-band whistler waves by Landau-resonant electrons in the magnetosphere: Predictions from dispersion theory

In this paper we show that two significant phenomena of magnetospheric chorus emission can be explained by the participation of beam-like electron structures,created by Landau-resonant interaction with growing oblique whistler waves.The first concerns the widely observed spectral gap near half the electron cyclotron frequency Ωe;the second is related to the observation of very obliquely propagating lower-band waves that cannot be directly generated by temperature anisotropy.Concerning the gap,kinetic dispersion theory reveals that interference of the beam-related cyclotron mode ω~Ωe-kVb with the conventional whistler mode leads to mode splitting and the appearance of a ’forbidden’ area in the ω-k space.Thereby the beam velocity appears as an essential parameter.It is directly related to the phase velocity of the most unstable whistler wave mode,which is close to VAe/2 for sufficiently hot electrons(VAe is the electron Alfven velocity).To clarify the second point,we show that Landau-resonant beams with Vb Vb<VAe/2,which arise in cold plasmas from unstable upper-band waves,are able to generate lower-band whistler mode waves at very oblique propagation(θ≥60°).Our studies demonstrate the important role of Landau-resonant electrons in nonlinear whistler wave generation in the magnetosphere.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Playing a More Important Role in the World's Complementary Medicine Research——Minutes of the 3rd International Congress on Complementary Medicine Research

The 3rd International Congress on Complementary Medicine Research （ICCMR 2008） was held on 29-31 March, 2008 in Sydney, Australia. More than 550 participants from over 30 countries in the diverse field of complementary medicine attended this great event.