A method is presented to improve the laser frequency stabilization for the optical pumping cesium clock. By comparing the laser frequency stabilization of different schemes, we verify that the light angle is an import...A method is presented to improve the laser frequency stabilization for the optical pumping cesium clock. By comparing the laser frequency stabilization of different schemes, we verify that the light angle is an important factor that limits the long-term frequency stability. We minimize the drift of the light angle by using a fiber- coupled output, and lock the frequency of a distributed-feedback diode laser to the fluorescence spectrum of the atomic beam. The measured frequency stability is about 3.5 ×10^-11 at i s and reaches 1.5 × 10^-12 at 2000s. The Allan variance keeps going down for up to thousands of seconds, indicating that the medium- and long-term stability of the laser frequency is significantly improved and perfectly fulfills the requirement for the optical pumping cesium clock.展开更多
Background： Improving and sustaining the quality of nursing care is an intractable and persistent challenge. The patient experience of nursing care can give a different perspective on nursing quality and help clinica...Background： Improving and sustaining the quality of nursing care is an intractable and persistent challenge. The patient experience of nursing care can give a different perspective on nursing quality and help clinical nursing staff to direct quality improvement. Attempts to identify what is patient experience,the relationship with nursing care, and the application of patient experience in nursing quality improvement practice, in order to provide advices for constructing the quality standards and quality improvement strategies of nursing care.Methods： We conducted a literature review of original research publications. The database platforms Pubmed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and Wanfang were searched from inception until end of August 2015. After screening retrieved articles, 40 sources（articles and organizational websites） were selected for analysis for the connotation, development and application of patient experience in nursing quality researches.Results： Our study identified several concepts about patient experience, roughly sorted out the development path of patient experience in worldwide and the application of patient experience in nursing quality improvement. It points out four precautions when applying patient experience in nursing quality improvement, which are differentiating patient satisfaction and patient experience, choosing appropriate data collection method and appropriate feedback time, and the last but the most important, applying theories to actual clinical practice.Conclusions： Professional indexes are important to maintain the care quality, but it cannot fully reflect quality of nursing care, which needs patient experience as the supplement. Nursing staffs need to make more efforts to enhance patient＇s nursing care experience, and apply the research results to clinical practice, and finally make patient-centered care come true. For future study, the evaluation system and management strategies about patient experience need to be developed to guide nursing quality improvement.展开更多
ForewordDue to the variety of international tradeand specialty difference of each individualnegotiator as well as their differentunderstanding about contract, each foreigntrade contract has its different emphasis andc...ForewordDue to the variety of international tradeand specialty difference of each individualnegotiator as well as their differentunderstanding about contract, each foreigntrade contract has its different emphasis andcharacter. Even for the same contractobjective, terms of payment andtransportation, if the contract was given bydifferent people in different period, thedifference will always exist. Thisphenomenon is rather common in foreigntrade business.展开更多
From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology ... From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).……展开更多
There are two categories of tropical crop machinery. One comprises operation machinery that is used for planting, managing and harvesting tropical crops, while the other comprises process machinery for processing ... There are two categories of tropical crop machinery. One comprises operation machinery that is used for planting, managing and harvesting tropical crops, while the other comprises process machinery for processing tropical crops. Tropical crop machinery is distinguished from other agricultural machinery by the special crops that such machinery cultivates and processes.……展开更多
The purchasement and development as well as the benefit of utilization for the large equipment in universities of China are analyzed in this paper, the paper in dicates that in utilization of large equipment the contr...The purchasement and development as well as the benefit of utilization for the large equipment in universities of China are analyzed in this paper, the paper in dicates that in utilization of large equipment the contradictions such as urgency and necessity for the purchasement and development of large equipment and serious waste in resources since inadequacy of annual utilization rate of large equipment are existed, it also raises that the key step of giving full play to the benefit of large equipment is to strengthen management and development after the equipment are purchased, the paper regards through stressing standardized management and maintenance、opening the laboratory、improving the functions of equipment、renovating technology、fully examining and scientifically deciding before purchasement, the investment benefit for the large equipment can be raised effectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No 2011CB921501the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91336103,10934010 and 61078026
文摘A method is presented to improve the laser frequency stabilization for the optical pumping cesium clock. By comparing the laser frequency stabilization of different schemes, we verify that the light angle is an important factor that limits the long-term frequency stability. We minimize the drift of the light angle by using a fiber- coupled output, and lock the frequency of a distributed-feedback diode laser to the fluorescence spectrum of the atomic beam. The measured frequency stability is about 3.5 ×10^-11 at i s and reaches 1.5 × 10^-12 at 2000s. The Allan variance keeps going down for up to thousands of seconds, indicating that the medium- and long-term stability of the laser frequency is significantly improved and perfectly fulfills the requirement for the optical pumping cesium clock.
基金supported by General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71573097)
文摘Background： Improving and sustaining the quality of nursing care is an intractable and persistent challenge. The patient experience of nursing care can give a different perspective on nursing quality and help clinical nursing staff to direct quality improvement. Attempts to identify what is patient experience,the relationship with nursing care, and the application of patient experience in nursing quality improvement practice, in order to provide advices for constructing the quality standards and quality improvement strategies of nursing care.Methods： We conducted a literature review of original research publications. The database platforms Pubmed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and Wanfang were searched from inception until end of August 2015. After screening retrieved articles, 40 sources（articles and organizational websites） were selected for analysis for the connotation, development and application of patient experience in nursing quality researches.Results： Our study identified several concepts about patient experience, roughly sorted out the development path of patient experience in worldwide and the application of patient experience in nursing quality improvement. It points out four precautions when applying patient experience in nursing quality improvement, which are differentiating patient satisfaction and patient experience, choosing appropriate data collection method and appropriate feedback time, and the last but the most important, applying theories to actual clinical practice.Conclusions： Professional indexes are important to maintain the care quality, but it cannot fully reflect quality of nursing care, which needs patient experience as the supplement. Nursing staffs need to make more efforts to enhance patient＇s nursing care experience, and apply the research results to clinical practice, and finally make patient-centered care come true. For future study, the evaluation system and management strategies about patient experience need to be developed to guide nursing quality improvement.
文摘ForewordDue to the variety of international tradeand specialty difference of each individualnegotiator as well as their differentunderstanding about contract, each foreigntrade contract has its different emphasis andcharacter. Even for the same contractobjective, terms of payment andtransportation, if the contract was given bydifferent people in different period, thedifference will always exist. Thisphenomenon is rather common in foreigntrade business.
文摘 From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).……
文摘 There are two categories of tropical crop machinery. One comprises operation machinery that is used for planting, managing and harvesting tropical crops, while the other comprises process machinery for processing tropical crops. Tropical crop machinery is distinguished from other agricultural machinery by the special crops that such machinery cultivates and processes.……
文摘The purchasement and development as well as the benefit of utilization for the large equipment in universities of China are analyzed in this paper, the paper in dicates that in utilization of large equipment the contradictions such as urgency and necessity for the purchasement and development of large equipment and serious waste in resources since inadequacy of annual utilization rate of large equipment are existed, it also raises that the key step of giving full play to the benefit of large equipment is to strengthen management and development after the equipment are purchased, the paper regards through stressing standardized management and maintenance、opening the laboratory、improving the functions of equipment、renovating technology、fully examining and scientifically deciding before purchasement, the investment benefit for the large equipment can be raised effectively.
