Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on Soil Improvement and Wheat Growth Characteristics in Saline-alkali Land

[Objectives]This study was conducted to further enrich the research on saline-alkali land improvement,and explore the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis HM-3 in saline-alkali land improvement and crop growth promotion.[Methods]Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land in Huanghua City,Hebei Province,and a mixed application experiment was carried out using biological agents from Hemiao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.[Results]Compared with the field of control check(CK),water-soluble salts and pH value in the experimental fields decreased,and living bacteria count in the soil increased.Meanwhile,the economic characters of wheat in the experimental fields showed excellent performance,with yields increasing by 39.09%and 27.49%compared with the CK.It could be seen that the application of biological bacterial fertilizers achieved obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing wheat yield.[Conclusions]In this study,the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers on saline-alkali land and wheat growth characters were clarified,providing some technical support and theoretical guidance for wheat planting in Huanghua saline-alkali land.

The Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Saline-alkali Wasteland in Datong Basin, Northern China

[Objective] Saline-alkali wasteland is a kind of land use type that formed by soil salinization and secondary salinization. To study the causes of spatial distri- bution of saline-alkali wasteland could be used as reference for the amelioration and is significant for developing the reserved land with great potential. [Method] The re- search set a total of 1 729 sampling points in the study area of 34 433 hm2. Spa- tial analyses were used to find out the causes of saline-alkali wasteland in Datong basin from four factors： topography, geology, hydrology and soil. DEM and land use data were used to calculate distribution index of topography, and distribution of the total salinity （TS） and pH was analyzed by means of IDW interpolation. [Result] The results showed that saline-alkali wasteland was distributed on flat and low-lying ter- rains with poor drainage, which led to salt accumulation. 87% of saline-alkali wasteland was distributed on Quaternary Holocene alluvium whose performance of soil hydraulic conductivity was poor. TS value distribution was that in midstream re- gion was the highest, less in upstream region and the least in downstream region along the rivers, and TS value decreased when distance between saline-alkali wasteland and rivers increased. The major soil types in Datong basin were fluvo- aquic soil and saline soil. Both of the two soil types were of high TS value and pH value, and heavily salinized and strongly alkalized. [Conclusion] High groundwater table and the existence of two salt accumulation centers are the two causes of saline-alkali wasteland in Datong basin. The key to ameliorate saline-alkali waste- land is to descend the groundwater table and lessen salt accumulation.

Effects of Soil Improver on Wheat in Saline-Alkali Lands in the Yellow River Delta

Field experiment carried out to test the effects of soil improver on wheat yield and soil physical-chemical properties. The results indicated that soil improver could optimize soil aggregates structure, decrease soil bulk density, soil pH and soil salt content, increase soil organic matter and 1 000-grain weight, thereby enhancing wheat yield. With the increase of soil improver application amount, soil physical-chemical properties became better and wheat yield increased. However, there was no significant difference in the treatments with the application amounts of 3%, 4% and 5%. In addition, the treatment of reducing nitrogen showed no superiority in soil physical-chemical properties and wheat yield, indicating that sufficient nitrogen was essential for the growth of wheat.

The Salt Reduction and Yield Increase Effects of Smashing Ridging Transforming Saline-alkali Land and Its Development Prospects

Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.

暗沟排盐对西辽河平原苏打盐碱荒地改良效果的研究

为探究暗沟排盐技术对西辽河平原苏打盐碱荒地改良效果的影响,在科左中旗胜利乡盐碱荒地,通过设置暗沟并应用不同的改良措施,暗沟间距分别设置5 m(L1)、10 m(L2)和15 m(L3),以及无暗沟(CK)处理,在此基础上施入脱硫石膏30 t/hm^(2),腐殖酸4.5 t/hm^(2)(F1)和9 t/hm^(2)(F2),共8个处理,对暗沟排盐工程结合化学改良措施对苏打盐碱荒地土壤的脱盐效果进行研究。研究结果表明,暗沟排盐技术对降低苏打盐碱荒地的土壤盐分有显著效果,0~40 cm深度土壤全盐量平均降低1.74 g/kg,暗沟间距越小,脱盐效果越显著。此外,施入腐殖酸对降低土壤盐碱度也有显著影响,平均降低了5.7%,其中间距5 m,施用量4.5 t/hm^(2)处理的降低幅度最大,达到了8.2%。从试验结果来看,暗沟间距10 m和施用4.5 t/hm^(2)腐殖酸的组合是最佳的改良效果。研究结果可为西辽河平原盐碱荒地的合理开发利用提供了理论依据。

尾矿废弃地污染物特征及基质改良技术

矿业开发不可避免的会给人类居住环境和周边生态系统带来巨大的影响。以豫西某尾矿废弃地为研究对象,通过养分和污染物特征识别,对尾矿废弃地进行综合评价,并开展系统的生态修复技术研究。研究结果表明,尾矿废弃地理化性质差、养分贫瘠、重金属含量较高。尾砂内梅罗综合污染指数为7.73,属于重度污染水平。Hakanson潜在生态危害指数RI平均值为299.79,Cd、Pb具有很强的环境风险。根据生态修复后土壤理化性质及植物生物量分析,黑麦草对Cd、Hg富集作用最强、对Cu、Pb具有良好的耐性,提出了可优化的基质改良方案为3 g石膏+6 g腐植酸肥料+3 g保水剂、2 g过磷酸钙+1 g NTA,为今后尾矿废弃地生态修复提供借鉴,支撑矿业可持续发展。

矿山废弃地生态恢复基质改良研究

矿业废弃地破坏和侵占了大量土地资源, 因此这些废弃地的生态恢复成为目前世界尤其是中国急需解决的问题。矿业废弃地的基质改良是生态恢复的核心问题与技术, 本文介绍了几种植被恢复中的土壤基质改良方法, 如施用营养物质、Ca^(2+)、施用石灰等改良剂, 并且就具体问题提出了表土转换、生物修复、植被恢复等土壤基质改良措施。最后提出了矿山废弃地土壤改良中所存在的问题。

矿业废弃地生态植被恢复的研究

近年来矿业废弃地造成生态破坏、环境污染严重,因此矿业废弃地的生态恢复成为目前世界上尤其是中国急需解决的问题。阐述了矿业废弃地生态恢复中的植被重建,主要对植被恢复中基质改良和植物种类选择两个环节进行了分析。

改良剂对甘肃引黄灌区新垦盐碱荒地的改良效果研究

使用土壤改良剂在甘肃引黄高扬程灌区对新垦盐碱荒地的改良效果表明,8种盐碱地改良剂对油葵都有增产效果,增幅1.26%～26.36%。丹路菌肥增产效果最好,达3 594.7 kg/hm2,较不施改良剂增产749.8 kg/hm2。丹路菌肥、丹路菌剂和腐殖酸改良剂对土壤全盐含量的影响较小,施用其余改良剂均增加了土壤盐分;磷石膏降低土壤pH值的作用最明显。磷石膏和糠醛渣增加了土壤中的SO42-和Ca2+含量。总的来看,施用糠醛渣和磷石膏的投入成本最低,纯收益和产投比却最高。

浅谈有色金属矿业废弃地的生态恢复

有色金属矿业废弃地不仅占用了大量的土地资源,同时也带来重金属污染、水体污染等一系列严重的环境问题。生态恢复是一种很好的解决手段。本文介绍了矿业废弃地带来的环境问题,并从基质改良、植被重建两大核心方面阐述了有色金属矿业废弃地的生态恢复问题,以此为我国有色金属矿业废弃地的生态恢复提供相应的技术参考。

重金属矿山废弃地生态恢复新技术的应用

重金属矿业废弃地土壤都含有较高的金属硫化物,产酸加剧了生态恢复的难度;研究与应用"原位基质改良+直接植被"生态恢复理论、技术,创造性地探索出一条适合金属矿山废弃地生态恢复工程的模式,为矿山酸性土壤治理提供重要的理论支撑和应用示范。

土地利用总体规划实施保证体系

作为土地利用总体规划重要一环的实施保证体系常常不被重视,笔者在参与众多地区的土地利用总体规划基础上,认为土地利用总体规划实施保障体系包括土地利用分区和分区管制措施、土地整理复垦、荒地开发与中低产田改造等内容。其中的核心部分是土地利用分区和分区管制措施。对每一部分的详细内容作了详细阐述。

冶金矿山生态修复技术的进展

冶金矿山废弃地是对矿产资源进行开发利用时在地球表面留下的"疤痕"。近年来,冶金矿山废弃地的生态修复工作受到越来越多的重视。阐述了冶金矿山废弃地生态修复的必要性及国内外现状;详细介绍了国内外铁矿废弃地常用的土壤改良技术、植被恢复技术、边坡治理技术,以及再利用模式;同时指出了加紧开展废弃矿山的生态修复工作,应当成为今后我国环境治理的重点。

我国矿山废弃地生态恢复限制因素及恢复策略

矿山废弃地的生态恢复包括土壤恢复和植被恢复2个层面。文中分析矿山废弃地生态恢复存在着土壤因素、重金属含量、土壤生物肥力、土壤种子库等限制因素,提出矿山废弃地的土壤改良、植被恢复的物种配置、工程技术在矿山废弃地的应用等矿山废弃地生态恢复主要策略,进一步分析了采矿扰动下受损生态系统功能恢复存在的问题并进行了前景展望。

城市工业废弃地再利用项目的溢出效应评价——基于改进的CRITIC-熵权赋权法

工业废弃地作为阻碍城市绿色发展的关键因素之一,对我国生态环境、土地资源、城市空间肌理等多方面均产生较大程度的破坏与浪费。对工业废弃地再利用项目体现出的各项溢出效应进行科学的分析与评价,有助于管理者正确认识项目的实际质量以及应重点关注的指标因素,有助于推动我国工业废弃地的再利用进程,并为同类项目溢出效应的评价和生态补偿提供参考依据。针对工业废弃地再利用项目的溢出效应评价,本文共识别文化、社会、经济以及生态四类溢出效应以及21项三级指标。为缩小现象性异常评价信息对项目溢出效应评价的影响,设置调节系数对CRITIC-熵权赋权法进行改进,并将其与工业废弃地再利用项目溢出效应评价模型进行融合。结合山东淄博1954陶瓷文化创意园案例,对新构建的溢出效应评价模型进行运用与分析,结果显示:(1)改进后的CRITIC-熵权赋权法可有效消除现象性异常信息对指标赋权的影响;(2)文化、社会以及生态溢出效应之间具有较强的正相关关系,而三者与经济溢出效应之间具有负相关关系;(3)管理者在该类项目的改造与运营中应重点关注公共交通便捷度、传统工艺传承情况以及产品、名人或历史事件对社会的影响程度这三项指标对项目综合溢出效应的影响。

Bohai Granary:Harnessing the Saline-Alkali Lands

Agriculture forms the backbone of a nation,and food security is essential for social stability and sustainable economic growth.In China,ensuring adequate food production is not only critical for national well-being but also a strategic priority for maintaining self-sufficiency.To enhance food security,two key approaches are increasing yields from the existing agricultural lands and improving the productivity of low-and medium-yield farmland.One of China’s major underutilized resources is its extensive saline-alkali lands,which,despite historically low productivity due to poor soil conditions and scarce freshwater resources,hold immense potential for boosting grain output.Recognizing this,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),initiated the“Bohai Granary Scientific and Technological Demonstration Project”(Bohai Granary Project for short)in partnership with three provinces and one municipality-Hebei,Shandong,Liaoning,and Tianjin.This project represents a landmark effort to rehabilitate saline-alkali lands and transform them into highly productive grain-producing regions,thereby contributing significantly to China’s food security strategy.In this article,the author revisits the key milestones,technological breakthroughs,and outlook on the future potential of this project.

不同人工植被群落对铅锌矿废弃地径流重金属流失特征的影响

研究不同人工植被群落及土壤改良对铅锌矿废弃地径流重金属流失特征的影响,为矿区废弃地的生态恢复提供前期修复思路。采用径流小区试验,通过混合施加有机肥和钙肥对土壤进行改良,在自然降雨条件下,分别在铅锌矿废弃地原状土及改良土上构建不同人工植被群落(草、灌—草、乔—灌—草),对地表径流的产生量与径流中泥沙、Cd、Pb、As的含量和流失量进行了分析研究。结果表明:(1)原状土下,乔—灌—草模式相较于草模式和灌—草模式,累计径流产生量分别减少11.3%和0.8%,同一人工植被群落,改良土相较于原状土累计径流产生量减少3.2%~18.8%;原状土下,灌—草模式相较于草模式、乔—灌—草模式,累计泥沙量分别减少28.9%,14.0%,同一人工植被群落,改良土相较于原状土累计泥沙量减少40.0%~63.3%。(2)原状土下,不同人工植被群落溶解态Cd、Pb、As累计流失量分别为2.7~7.2,104.3~295.1,1.4~5.4 mg/m^(2),改良土相较于原状土,不同人工植被群落溶解态Cd、Pb、As累计流失量分别减少47.7%~61.0%,43.8%~64.6%,43.8%~63.8%。(3)原状土下,不同人工植被群落颗粒态Cd、Pb、As累计流失量分别为2.5~9.0 g/m^(2),437.5~1347.2,16.2~89.9 mg/m^(2);改良土相较于原状土,不同人工植被群落颗粒态Cd、Pb、As累计流失量分别减少53.7%~72.0%,55.4%~65.8%,60.2%~71.1%。(4)颗粒态Cd、Pb、As流失量分别占总流失量的99.8%~99.9%,77.1%~84.1%,85.1%~96.7%。综上所述,人工植被群落越复杂,径流量、泥沙和重金属的流失量越低;施加改良剂能进一步强化植被群落的截流功能;重金属的流失主要以颗粒态为主。

膜下滴灌对不同程度盐荒地改良的研究

根据石河子垦区连续5a的监测试验,研究膜下滴灌技术对盐荒地的改良。结果表明,膜下滴灌技术可有效降低盐荒地耕作层土壤含盐量,土壤含盐量随灌溉水量增大而减小;连续5a运用膜下滴灌技术后,棉花出苗率达到80%以上,籽棉产量5 250kg/hm2以上,地下水埋深平均下降1.2m,同时地下水矿化度有所增加。膜下滴灌技术在改良盐碱地的应用中效果良好。

宝山矿区废弃地植物配置技术初探

通过对宝山矿区的植被和土壤开采时间的调查与分析,以及重金属元素含量的测定,划分了4种矿区废弃地类型,提出了各类型的土壤改良措施,并对4种类型的废弃地进行了植物的有效配置,提出了多种植物配置模式,为矿区植被恢复与重建提供了科学依据。

夏河县鼠荒地治理与牧草栽培试验

垂穗披碱草(Elymms nutans)与当地燕麦(Auena fatua)混播改良鼠荒地,当年鲜草产量达到19765kg/hm2,第二年,第三年达到13760kg/hm2、14200kg/hm2,鼠荒地改良,在一定程度上起到当年改良,当年见效,冬季有贮草,这能使牧畜安全越冬,抗御大风雪的突然袭击,减少牲畜死损。